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The method of multiple scales is used to derive a nonlinear partial differential equation which describes the evolution of two-dimensional wave-packets on the interface of two semi-infinite, incompressible, inviscid fluids of arbitrary densities, taking into account the effect of the surface tension, this equation is used to show that the stability of uniform wavetrains depends on the wavelength, the surface tension, and the density ratio. The results show that gravity waves are unstable for all density ratios except unity, while capillary waves are stable unless the density ratio is below approximately 0.1716. Moreover, the presence of surface tension results in the stabilization of some waves which are otherwise unstable. (Author).
This book presents two distinct aspects of wave dynamics – wave propagation and diffraction – with a focus on wave diffraction. The authors apply different mathematical methods to the solution of typical problems in the theory of wave propagation and diffraction and analyze the obtained results. The rigorous diffraction theory distinguishes three approaches: the method of surface currents, where the diffracted field is represented as a superposition of secondary spherical waves emitted by each element (the Huygens–Fresnel principle); the Fourier method; and the separation of variables and Wiener–Hopf transformation method. Chapter 1 presents mathematical methods related to studying the problems of wave diffraction theory, while Chapter 2 deals with spectral methods in the theory of wave propagation, focusing mainly on the Fourier methods to study the Stokes (gravity) waves on the surface of inviscid fluid. Chapter 3 then presents some results of modeling the refraction of surf ace gravity waves on the basis of the ray method, which originates from geometrical optics. Chapter 4 is devoted to the diffraction of surface gravity waves and the final two chapters discuss the diffraction of waves by semi-infinite domains on the basis of method of images and present some results on the problem of propagation of tsunami waves. Lastly, it provides insights into directions for further developing the wave diffraction theory.
Waves occur widely in nature and have innumerable commercial uses. Pressure waves are responsible for the transmission of speech, bow waves created by meteors can virtually ignite the earth's atmosphere, ultrasonic waves are used for medical imaging, and shock waves are used for the synthesis of new materials. This book provides a thorough, modern introduction to the study of linear and nonlinear waves. Beginning with fundamental concepts of motion, the book goes on to discuss linear and nonlinear mechanical waves, thermodynamics, and constitutive models. It covers gases, liquids, and solids as integral parts of the subject. Among the important areas of research and application are impact analysis, shock wave research, explosive detonation, nonlinear acoustics, and hypersonic aerodynamics. Graduate students, as well as professional engineers and applied physicists, will value this clear, comprehensive introduction to the study of wave phenomena.
The state of the art in a theory of oscillatory and wave phenomena in hydrodynamical flows is presented in this book. A unified approach is used for waves of different physical origins. A characteristic feature of this approach is that hydrodynamical phenomena are considered in terms of physics; that is, the complement of the conventionally employed formal mathematical approach. Some physical concepts such as wave energy and momentum in a moving fluid are analysed, taking into account induced mean flow. The physical mechanisms responsible for hydrodynamic instability of shear flows are considered within the concept of negative energy waves. The phenomenon of over-reflection is analysed. A number of well-known theorems of the hydrodynamic theory of stability are interpreted in terms of the interaction of the waves having different energy signs. Attention is drawn to the plasma-hydrodynamic analogy, which is a powerful tool for physical analyses of general mechanisms of wave amplification and absorption in flows. Various wave-flow interaction problems are considered, for instance, sound generation in whistlers, wave scattering and amplification by vortices, methods of wave remote sounding, and some nonlinear dynamical and chaotic phenomena.The book is intended for researchers specializing in wave theory, aeroacoustics, geophysical and astrophysical fluid dynamics, and related fields. It may also be useful to graduate and post-graduate students as a supplement to standard lecture courses.
This book gathers contributions on various aspects of the theory and applications of linear and nonlinear waves and associated phenomena, as well as approaches developed in a global partnership of researchers with the national Centre of Excellence in Nonlinear Studies (CENS) at the Department of Cybernetics of Tallinn University of Technology in Estonia. The papers chiefly focus on the role of mathematics in the analysis of wave phenomena. They highlight the complexity of related topics concerning wave generation, propagation, transformation and impact in solids, gases, fluids and human tissues, while also sharing insights into selected mathematical methods for the analytical and numerical treatment of complex phenomena. In addition, the contributions derive advanced mathematical models, share innovative ideas on computing, and present novel applications for a number of research fields where both linear and nonlinear wave problems play an important role. The papers are written in a tutorial style, intended for non-specialist researchers and students. The authors first describe the basics of a problem that is currently of interest in the scientific community, discuss the state of the art in related research, and then share their own experiences in tackling the problem. Each chapter highlights the importance of applied mathematics for central issues in the study of waves and associated complex phenomena in different media. The topics range from basic principles of wave mechanics up to the mathematics of Planet Earth in the broadest sense, including contemporary challenges in the mathematics of society. In turn, the areas of application range from classic ocean wave mathematics to material science, and to human nerves and tissues. All contributions describe the approaches in a straightforward manner, making them ideal material for educational purposes, e.g. for courses, master class lectures, or seminar presentations.
United States. National Technical Information Service
Author : United States. National Technical Information Service Publisher : Page : 274 pages File Size : 16,95 MB Release : 1975 Category : Fluid dynamics ISBN :
Publishes original research in all branches of mechanics including aerodynamics; aeroelasticity; boundary layers; computational mechanics; constitutive modeling of materials; dynamics; elasticity; flow and fracture; heat transfer; hydraulics; impact; internal flow; mechanical properties of materials; micromechanics; plasticity; stress analysis; structures; thermodynamics; turbulence; vibration; and wave propagation.