[PDF] Non Point Pollution And Urban Stormwater Management eBook
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Directions of diffuse pollution research and Best Management Practices are evolving, and effective and affordable methods of control are being developed to handle the abatement of toxic pollutants from atmospheric deposition, and urban and agricultural runoff. This book provides a useful manual covering the most important topics and solutions of the diffuse pollution problem with emphasis on urban sources and abatement.
The rapid conversion of land to urban and suburban areas has profoundly altered how water flows during and following storm events, putting higher volumes of water and more pollutants into the nation's rivers, lakes, and estuaries. These changes have degraded water quality and habitat in virtually every urban stream system. The Clean Water Act regulatory framework for addressing sewage and industrial wastes is not well suited to the more difficult problem of stormwater discharges. This book calls for an entirely new permitting structure that would put authority and accountability for stormwater discharges at the municipal level. A number of additional actions, such as conserving natural areas, reducing hard surface cover (e.g., roads and parking lots), and retrofitting urban areas with features that hold and treat stormwater, are recommended.
In 1997, New York City adopted a mammoth watershed agreement to protect its drinking water and avoid filtration of its large upstate surface water supply. Shortly thereafter, the NRC began an analysis of the agreement's scientific validity. The resulting book finds New York City's watershed agreement to be a good template for proactive watershed management that, if properly implemented, will maintain high water quality. However, it cautions that the agreement is not a guarantee of permanent filtration avoidance because of changing regulations, uncertainties regarding pollution sources, advances in treatment technologies, and natural variations in watershed conditions. The book recommends that New York City place its highest priority on pathogenic microorganisms in the watershed and direct its resources toward improving methods for detecting pathogens, understanding pathogen transport and fate, and demonstrating that best management practices will remove pathogens. Other recommendations, which are broadly applicable to surface water supplies across the country, target buffer zones, stormwater management, water quality monitoring, and effluent trading.
This manual comprises a holistic view of urban runoff quality management. For the beginner, who has little previous exposure to urban runoff quality management, the manual covers the entire subject area from sources and effects of pollutants in urban runoff through the development of management plans and the design of controls. For the municipal stormwater management agency, guidance is given for developing a water quality management plan that takes into account receiving water use objectives, local climatology, regulation, financing and cost, and procedures for comparing various types of controls for suitability and cost effectiveness in a particular area. This guidance will also assist owners of large-scale urban development projects in cost-effectively and aesthetically integrating water quality control to the drainage plan. The manual is also directed to designers who desire a self-contained unit that discusses the design of specific quality controls for urban runoff.