[PDF] Non Consumptive Effects Of An Ectoparasitic Mite On A Drosophila Host eBook

Author : Collin James Horn
Publisher :
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 38,53 MB
Release : 2022
Category : Drosophila
ISBN :

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Parasite ecology has increasingly recognized that parasites have ecologically significant roles beyond infection. One mechanism by which parasites influence their communities outside infection is by imposing trade-offs on potential hosts. Non-consumptive effects (NCEs) are the negative impacts potential prey or hosts experience that may be driven by trade-offs between reproduction, feeding, dispersal, etc, and defence against natural enemies. In this thesis I investigated short and long term NCEs experienced by Drosophila nigrospiracula exposed, but not infected by, its natural ectoparasite Macrocheles subbadius. I also investigated how potential hosts vary in the NCEs they experienced based on sex and mating status. Flies varied in NCEs (physiological and behavioural) based on sex and mating status, at least in the short term. Moreover, individual female flies had reduced fecundity and survival during chronic mite exposure; however these changes may not scale up to population level effects based on current simulations. In the short term, mite resistance trades off with dispersal ability and reproduction. Thus there is a need to study how individual hosts and host populations compensate for NCEs and how this varies among different host groups. Additional research on parasite NCEs across different scales (ecological, generational) and fly lifespan may show the lifetime impacts of NCEs are larger than suggested here. This thesis contributes to our attempts to extend "the ecology of fear" to host-parasite interactions.

Author : Melanie J. Hatcher
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 463 pages
File Size : 21,36 MB
Release : 2011-06-16
Category : Science
ISBN : 1139496980

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Interactions between competitors, predators and their prey have traditionally been viewed as the foundation of community structure. Parasites – long ignored in community ecology – are now recognized as playing an important part in influencing species interactions and consequently affecting ecosystem function. Parasitism can interact with other ecological drivers, resulting in both detrimental and beneficial effects on biodiversity and ecosystem health. Species interactions involving parasites are also key to understanding many biological invasions and emerging infectious diseases. This book bridges the gap between community ecology and epidemiology to create a wide-ranging examination of how parasites and pathogens affect all aspects of ecological communities, enabling the new generation of ecologists to include parasites as a key consideration in their studies. This comprehensive guide to a newly emerging field is of relevance to academics, practitioners and graduates in biodiversity, conservation and population management, and animal and human health.

Author : William J. Bell
Publisher : Springer
Page : 523 pages
File Size : 22,36 MB
Release : 2013-11-27
Category : Science
ISBN : 1489933689

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Our objective in compiling a series of chapters on the chemical ecology of insects has been to delineate the major concepts of this discipline. The fine line between presenting a few topics in great detail or many topics in veneer has been carefully drawn, such that the book contains sufficient diversity to cover the field and a few topics in some depth. After the reader has penetrated the crust of what has been learned about chemical ecology of insects, the deficiencies in our understanding of this field should become evident. These deficiencies, to which no chapter topic is immune, indicate the youthful state of chemical ecology and the need for further investigations, especially those with potential for integrating elements that are presently isolated from each other. At the outset of this volume it becomes evident that, although we are beginning to decipher how receptor cells work, virtually nothing is known of how sensory information is coded to become relevant to the insect and to control the behavior of the insect. This problem is exacerbated by the state of our knowledge of how chemicals are distributed in nature, especially in complex habitats. And finally, we have been unable to understand the significance of orientation pathways of insects, in part because of the two previous problems: orientation seems to depend on patterns of distri bution of chemicals, the coding of these patterns by the central nervous system, and the generation of motor output based on the resulting motor commands.

Author : Judith S. Weis
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 367 pages
File Size : 29,74 MB
Release : 2016-10-13
Category : Science
ISBN : 110707777X

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This book provides a comprehensive look at the critical role of animal behaviour in the success and impact of biological invasions.

Author : Christon J. Hurst
Publisher : Springer
Page : 329 pages
File Size : 19,67 MB
Release : 2018-08-30
Category : Science
ISBN : 3319923730

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This book summarizes current advances in our understanding of how infectious disease represents an ecological interaction between a pathogenic microorganism and the host species in which that microbe causes illness. The contributing authors explain that pathogenic microorganisms often also have broader ecological connections, which can include a natural environmental presence; possible transmission by vehicles such as air, water, and food; and interactions with other host species, including vectors for which the microbe either may or may not be pathogenic. This field of science has been dubbed disease ecology, and the chapters that examine it have been grouped into three sections. The first section introduces both the role of biological community interactions and the impact of biodiversity on infectious disease. In turn, the second section considers those diseases directly affecting humans, with a focus on waterborne and foodborne illnesses, while also examining the critical aspect of microbial biofilms. Lastly, the third section presents the ecology of infectious diseases from the perspective of their impact on mammalian livestock and wildlife as well as on humans. Given its breadth of coverage, the volume offers a valuable resource for microbial ecologists and biomedical scientists alike.

Author : Jacques Brodeur
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 257 pages
File Size : 21,3 MB
Release : 2007-06-03
Category : Science
ISBN : 1402047673

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This volume explores modern concepts of trophic and guild interactions among natural enemies in natural and agricultural ecosystems - a field that has become a hot topic in ecology and biological control over the past decade. It is the first book on trophic and guild interactions to make the link to biological control, and is compiled by internationally recognized scientists who have combined their expertise.

Author : John R. B. Lighton
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
Page : 285 pages
File Size : 20,39 MB
Release : 2018-12-24
Category : Science
ISBN : 0198830394

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This is the only authoritative textbook on metabolic measurement of animals, ranging in mass from fruit flies to whales. It integrates a rigorous theoretical background with detailed practical guidelines for making actual measurements in the field and laboratory.

Author : Janice Moore
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 329 pages
File Size : 25,81 MB
Release : 2002-01-31
Category : Science
ISBN : 019534913X

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When a parasite invades an ant, does the ant behave like other ants? Maybe not-and if it doesn't, who, if anyone, benefits from the altered behaviors? The parasite? The ant? Parasites and the Behavior of Animals shows that parasite-induced behavioral alterations are more common than we might realize, and it places these alterations in an evolutionary and ecological context. Emphasizing eukaryotic parasites, the book examines the adaptive nature of behavioral changes associated with parasitism, exploring the effects of these changes on parasite transmission, parasite avoidance, and the fitness of both host and parasite. The behavioral changes and their effects are not always straightforward. To the extent that virulence, for instance, is linked to parasite transmission, the evolutionary interests of parasite and host will diverge, and the current winner of the contest to maximize reproductive rates may not be clear, or, for that matter, inevitable. Nonetheless, by affecting susceptibility, host/parasite lifespan and fecundity, and transmission itself, host behavior influences parameters that are basic to our comprehension of how parasites invade host populations, and fundamentally, how parasites evolve. Such an understanding is important for a wide range of scientists, from ecologists and parasitologists to evolutionary, conservation and behavioral biologists: The behavioral alterations that parasites induce can subtly and profoundly affect the distribution and abundance of animals.