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Author : Ye Li
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 198 pages
File Size : 16,66 MB
Release : 2023-09-08
Category : Medical
ISBN : 2832532845
Author : Anahid Jewett
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 496 pages
File Size : 16,3 MB
Release : 2022-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 0128226269
NK Cells in Cancer Immunotherapy: Successes and Challenges explains the latest immunotherapeutic strategies, focusing on NK cells to allow the best and precise combination treatments to cancer patients. The book provides existing background knowledge in the field of immunotherapy and discusses future areas of research required to carry out cutting-edge, validated therapies. Chapters cover advances in immunotherapeutic strategies, in particular, the use of NK cells with and without T-cell therapy in the treatment of cancer. The book is a valuable resource for cancer researchers, oncologists, graduate students and those interested in learning more about novel strategies to treat cancer patients. Immunotherapy is fast becoming the method of choice for cancer therapy. Although remarkable advances have been made in the field of immunotherapy, there are significant challenges and difficulties ahead since many of the current immunotherapeutic strategies do not provide long-lasting treatment strategies, and therefore are not very effective. Covers CAR/T and CAR/NK and adoptive NK cell therapy with and without T cell therapies Discusses basic biology of NK cells and mouse models of human cancers and the role of NK cells in metastatic cancer and in cancer stem cells Encompasses information on combination therapies using check point inhibition, adoptive transfer of cytotoxic effector cells, chemotherapeutic drugs and activating and inhibitory antibodies
Author : Francisco Borrego
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 224 pages
File Size : 44,24 MB
Release : 2016-09-08
Category : Immunologic diseases. Allergy
ISBN : 2889199347
Natural killer (NK) cells are innate lymphoid cells that have a significant role in regulating the defenses against cancer development and certain viral infections. They are equipped with an array of activating and inhibitory receptors that stimulate or diminish NK cell activity, respectively. Inhibitory receptors include, among others, the MHC class I ligands killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) in humans, and members of the Ly49 family of receptors in mice, and CD94/NKG2A. Activating receptors include cytokine and chemokine receptors, and those that interact with ligands expressed on target cells, such as the natural cytotoxicity receptors or NCRs (NKp30, NKp44 and NKp46), NKG2D, CD244 and DNAM-1. In addition, NK cells express Fc?RIIIA or CD16, the receptor that exerts antibody-dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). NK cells also express the death ligands FasL and TRAIL. The killing or sparing of target cells depends on the integration of distinct signals that originate from NK cell receptors. NK cells spare healthy cells that express normal levels of MHC class I molecules and low amounts of stress-induced self-molecules, whereas they kill target cells that down-regulate MHC class I molecules and/or up-regulate stress-induced self-molecules. The latter are common signatures of virus-infected cells and tumors. All the accumulated knowledge on NK cell biology, along with many clinical observations, is driving multiple efforts to improve the arsenal of NK cell-based therapeutic tools in the fight against malignant diseases. Indeed, NK cell-based immunotherapy is becoming a promising approach for the treatment of many cancers. It is well known that NK cells have a significant role in the anti-tumor effect of therapeutic antibodies that use ADCC as a mechanism of action. In addition to this, administration of autologous and allogeneic NK cells after activation and expansion ex vivo is used in the treatment of cancer. Moreover, adoptive transfer of NK cell lines has been tested in humans, and genetically modified NK cells expressing chimeric antigen receptors are being studied in preclinical models for potential use in the clinic.
Author : Loredana Cifaldi
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 146 pages
File Size : 21,43 MB
Release : 2020-07-31
Category :
ISBN : 2889638766
In this Research Topic, we would like to honor the memory of Prof. Vito Pistoia and pay tribute to his scientific contributions to the field of Cancer Immunity and Immunotherapy. Topic Editor Daniel Olive is the co-founder and shareholder of company Imcheck Therapeutics. All other topic editors declare no competing interests with regards to the Research Topic subject.
Author : Jan B. Vermorken
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 361 pages
File Size : 32,96 MB
Release : 2023-03-27
Category : Medical
ISBN : 3031231759
This is an open access book. With a wealth of exciting data emerging in this rapidly evolving field this book will review the state-of-the-art knowledge with emphasis on multidisciplinary decision and management of head and neck cancer. The book provides significant detail on a wide range of topics including: the role of new targets for treatment, immunotherapy, resistance mechanisms, standardizing molecular profiling programs, and new methods to guide therapeutic approaches. In addition different disease situations are addressed including different treatment approaches in primary disease and in recurrent and/or metastatic disease as well as new developments in pathology, surgery and reconstruction techniques, new systemic therapies in salivary gland cancer, and supportive care and follow-up. All disciplines involved in the treatment of head & neck cancer are covered with a focus on translation into daily practice. The 8th-THNO is designed for medical oncologists, head and neck surgeons, radiation oncologists, otolaryngologists, and other medical professionals involved in the treatment of patients with head and neck cancer.
Author : Benjamin Bonavida
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 538 pages
File Size : 15,73 MB
Release : 2021-06-25
Category : Science
ISBN : 0128243759
Successes and Challenges of NK Immunotherapy: Increasing Anti-tumor Efficacy describes the unique therapeutic applications of NK cells to fight cancers and eliminate the bulk and subset of cancer stem cells responsible for metastasis, relapse and recurrences. The book provides information on the development, engineering, mechanisms of action, response to various preclinical models, and applications in various clinical trials. Sections cover the development of highly engineered cytotoxic NK cells, their mechanisms of action, preclinical and clinical applications, the development and application of CAR-NK cells, and new NK-drug conjugates, also emphasizing that activated NK cells can target and kill highly resistant cancer stem cells. Written by the leading experts on NK immunotherapy worldwide, this is a valuable resource for researchers, clinicians and members of the biomedical field who are interested in understanding novel and efficient therapies to fight cancers. Discusses the unique developmental applications of NK immunotherapy against cancers, which differs greatly from other types of immunotherapies Provides up-to-date and highly relevant information through chapters written by the leading researchers in the field Presents a significant number of schematic diagrams for easy understanding and reproducibility
Author : Evelyn Ojo
Publisher :
Page : 218 pages
File Size : 47,5 MB
Release : 2019
Category : Cancer
ISBN :
Cancer is the second-leading cause of death in the United States and worldwide leading to 8.8 million deaths in 2015. Despite major advancements in science and health, patients at advanced stages of particular cancer types experience significant mortality. Cancer patients often relapse following treatment with conventional therapeutic modalities such as chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Conventional treatment approaches do not successfully address the heterogeneity present in most solid tumors, result in severe off-target effects resulting in severe side effects, and fail to kill dormant cancer cells. Immunotherapy is the use of immune cells as tools to combat diseases. Natural killer (NK) cells are lymphocytes that lyse tumor cells and virally-infected cells through diverse mechanisms including release of cytotoxic granules. NK cell therapy has shown much promise in preclinical studies however it fails to demonstrate efficacy in various cancer populations. This body of work tackles two crucial barriers to NK cell therapy in patients with solid tumors. NK cell numbers in the tumor has been correlated with good prognosis in cancer patients. Obtaining clinically efficacious numbers of NK cells is limited by the relatively small proportion of NK cells in peripheral blood. We, therefore, designed and engineered a novel IL-21-based NK cell expansion platform consisting of OCI-AML3 cells transduced with membrane-bound IL-21 (NKF cells). We demonstrated that NKF cells are effective at expanding NK cells. The NK cells expanded using NKF cells were able to lyse a wide array of tumor types and demonstrated a favorable metabolic signature as compared to non-expanded NK cells. Additionally, NKF-expanded NK cells significantly reduced the tumor burden in sarcoma cell-infected mice. Cancer cells have developed mechanisms to evade anti-tumor activities of NK cells, dampening the efficacy of NK cell-mediated lysis of cancer cells. Transforming growth factor-ß (TGF-ß) is an immunosuppressive cytokine abundantly secreted by cancer cells to modify the cancer landscape to support the growth and development of the tumor. We demonstrated that inhibition of TGF-ß using the clinical grade TGF-ß inhibitor, galunisertib, resulted in rescue of NK cell cytokine secretion and cytotoxic function. In conclusion, this work has evaluated the NKF expansion system and demonstrated its ability to robustly expand NK cells. NKF-expanded NK cells have increased glycolytic and oxidative phosphorylation rates and continue to expand beyond 5 weeks of expansion. Feeder cell-expanded NK cells demonstrate superior cytotoxic function following inhibition of TGF-ß signaling. Infusion of NKF-expanded NK cells coupled with TGF-ß inhibition has the potential to result in decreased tumor burden in cancer patients.
Author : Shay Soker
Publisher : Humana Press
Page : 225 pages
File Size : 40,57 MB
Release : 2017-10-20
Category : Medical
ISBN : 3319605119
Cancer cell biology research in general, and anti-cancer drug development specifically, still relies on standard cell culture techniques that place the cells in an unnatural environment. As a consequence, growing tumor cells in plastic dishes places a selective pressure that substantially alters their original molecular and phenotypic properties.The emerging field of regenerative medicine has developed bioengineered tissue platforms that can better mimic the structure and cellular heterogeneity of in vivo tissue, and are suitable for tumor bioengineering research. Microengineering technologies have resulted in advanced methods for creating and culturing 3-D human tissue. By encapsulating the respective cell type or combining several cell types to form tissues, these model organs can be viable for longer periods of time and are cultured to develop functional properties similar to native tissues. This approach recapitulates the dynamic role of cell–cell, cell–ECM, and mechanical interactions inside the tumor. Further incorporation of cells representative of the tumor stroma, such as endothelial cells (EC) and tumor fibroblasts, can mimic the in vivo tumor microenvironment. Collectively, bioengineered tumors create an important resource for the in vitro study of tumor growth in 3D including tumor biomechanics and the effects of anti-cancer drugs on 3D tumor tissue. These technologies have the potential to overcome current limitations to genetic and histological tumor classification and development of personalized therapies.
Author : Tim F. Greten
Publisher : Springer
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 11,48 MB
Release : 2018-08-22
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9783319879116
In this book we provide insights into liver – cancer and immunology. Experts in the field provide an overview over fundamental immunological questions in liver cancer and tumorimmunology, which form the base for immune based approaches in HCC, which gain increasing interest in the community due to first promising results obtained in early clinical trials. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third most common cause of cancer related death in the United States. Treatment options are limited. Viral hepatitis is one of the major risk factors for HCC, which represents a typical “inflammation-induced” cancer. Immune-based treatment approaches have revolutionized oncology in recent years. Various treatment strategies have received FDA approval including dendritic cell vaccination, for prostate cancer as well as immune checkpoint inhibition targeting the CTLA4 or the PD1/PDL1 axis in melanoma, lung, and kidney cancer. Additionally, cell based therapies (adoptive T cell therapy, CAR T cells and TCR transduced T cells) have demonstrated significant efficacy in patients with B cell malignancies and melanoma. Immune checkpoint inhibitors in particular have generated enormous excitement across the entire field of oncology, providing a significant benefit to a minority of patients.
Author : Allison Fitzgerald
Publisher :
Page : 628 pages
File Size : 14,54 MB
Release : 2021
Category : Cytology
ISBN :
In sum, this dissertation describes multiple novel approaches to altering NK cell biology to enhance their anti-tumor activity and potentially improve patient outcomes.