[PDF] Nanoscale Properties Of Conjugated Polymers By Scanning Probe Microscopy eBook

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Page : pages
File Size : 47,57 MB
Release : 2010
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Conjugated polymers and conjugated polymer blends have attracted great interest due to their potential applications in biosensors and organic electronics. The sub-100 nm morphology of these materials is known to heavily influence their electromechanical properties and the performance of devices they are part of. Electromechanical properties include charge injection, transport, recombination, and trapping, the phase behavior and the mechanical robustness of polymers and blends. Electrical scanning probe microscopy techniques are ideal tools to measure simultaneously electric (conductivity and surface potential) and dielectric (dielectric constant) properties, surface morphology, and mechanical properties of thin films of conjugated polymers and their blends.rnIn this thesis, I first present a combined topography, Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM), and scanning conductive torsion mode microscopy (SCTMM) study on a gold/polystyrene model system. This system is a mimic for conjugated polymer blends where conductive domains (gold nanoparticles) are embedded in a non-conductive matrix (polystyrene film), like for polypyrrole:polystyrene sulfonate (PPy:PSS), and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS). I controlled the nanoscale morphology of the model by varying the distribution of gold nanoparticles in the polystyrene films. I studied the influence of different morphologies on the surface potential measured by KPFM and on the conductivity measured by SCTMM. By the knowledge I gained from analyzing the data of the model system I was able to predict the nanostructure of a homemade PPy:PSS blend.rnThe morphologic, electric, and dielectric properties of water based conjugated polymer blends, e.g. PPy:PSS or PEDOT:PSS, are known to be influenced by their water content. These properties also influence the macroscopic performance when the polymer blends are employed in a device. In the second part I therefore present an in situ humidity-dependence.

Author : Karen K. Gleason
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
Page : 120 pages
File Size : 35,33 MB
Release : 2021-08-23
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 1501524615

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Nanoscale control of order and orientation is essential for optimizing the performance of conjugated polymers. These semi-crystalline materials enable flexible devices for electronic, optical, electrochemical, and thermoelectric applications and are also of interest for the emerging fields of bioelectronics and spintronics.

Author : Vaibhav Jain
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 302 pages
File Size : 23,80 MB
Release : 2018-09-03
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 1466556919

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This comprehensive text provides a basic introduction to the optical properties of polymers, as well as a systematic overview of the latest developments in their nano engineering applications—including L-GRIN lenses, 3D holographic displays, optical gene detection, and more. Covering an increasingly important class of materials relevant not only in academic research but also in industry, this book emphasizes the importance of nano engineering in improving the fundamental optical properties of the functional polymers, elaborating on high-level research while thoroughly explaining the underlying principles.

Author : Bharat Bhushan
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 634 pages
File Size : 45,65 MB
Release : 2012-10-24
Category : Science
ISBN : 3642254144

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This book presents the physical and technical foundation of the state of the art in applied scanning probe techniques. It constitutes a timely and comprehensive overview of SPM applications. The chapters in this volume relate to scanning probe microscopy techniques, characterization of various materials and structures and typical industrial applications, including topographic and dynamical surface studies of thin-film semiconductors, polymers, paper, ceramics, and magnetic and biological materials. The chapters are written by leading researchers and application scientists from all over the world and from various industries to provide a broader perspective.

Author : Paolo Samorì
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 570 pages
File Size : 49,10 MB
Release : 2006-08-21
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 3527608567

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This first book to focus on the use of SPMs to actively manipulate molecules and nanostructures on surfaces goes way beyond conventional treatments of scanning microscopy merely for imaging purposes. It reviews recent progress in the use of SPMs on such soft materials as polymers, with a particular emphasis on chemical discrimination, mechanical properties, tip-induced reactions and manipulations, as well as their nanoscale electrical properties. Detailing the practical application potential of this hot topic, this book is of great interest to specialists of wide-ranging disciplines, including physicists, chemists, materials scientists, spectroscopy experts, surface scientists, and engineers.

Author : Katherine Amelia Koen
Publisher :
Page : 240 pages
File Size : 15,50 MB
Release : 2015
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At the nanoscale, materials exhibit special properties not present in the bulk, which may be exploited in diverse applications that include catalysis, sensing, and energy harvest and transfer. Due to their small size, nanoscale materials also present a characterization challenge, because optical microscopy techniques cannot resolve images of structural features smaller than finite lenses may focus visible light. Optical images of nanoparticles or single molecules show diffraction-limited spots with radii of approximately half the wavelength of the light used to interrogate them, and the underlying structure of the nanoscale object is not obvious to the eye. Fortunately, manipulation of excitation conditions and image processing techniques can tease out information about the morphology of nanomaterials investigated. The first example presented in this dissertation shows how an asymmetric excitation geometry and polarization spectroscopy elucidate the orientation of single silver triangular nanoprisms in the plane of an optical microscope’s stage. Characterizing this orientation using optical microscopy techniques opens possibilities for post-characterization nanoparticle functionalization and improved amplification of surface-enhanced spectroscopy signals. Electron microscopy may characterize single noble metal nanoparticles if one is unconcerned with those benefits, but electron microscopy investigations are more challenging for soft matter samples, so optical characterization becomes even more appealing for polymer studies. Bias-induced centroid (BIC) spectroscopy, correlated with polarization spectroscopy, reports not only on the distance over which highly ordered single poly[2-methoxy-5-(2’-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene] (MEH-PPV) chains transfer energy, but also that the rod-like structures these polymers are believed to adopt are likely to transfer this energy along their longitudinal axes. BIC relies on observable changes in the position of the fluorescence centroid, but when the bias-induced hole-injection partially quenching the fluorescence occurs symmetrically, the displacement of the fluorescence centroid is small, and defining the displacement direction becomes difficult. In this event, analysis of the ellipticity of the diffraction-limited images of the MEH-PPV fluorescence also supports the conclusion that the polymer transfers energy in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the rod-like structure. Taken together, these wide-field optical techniques allow simultaneous morphological characterization of many single nanoparticles or single polymer chains without appealing to scanning probe or electron microscopies, which can damage the sample or prevent post-characterization modification.