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Author : Christopher W. D. Gallop
Publisher :
Page : pages
File Size : 18,82 MB
Release : 2015
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Author : Lisa Rae Titcomb
Publisher :
Page : pages
File Size : 36,81 MB
Release : 2001
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Author : Gwilherm Evano
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 851 pages
File Size : 18,44 MB
Release : 2013-11-11
Category : Science
ISBN : 1118060458
Providing comprehensive insight into the use of copper in cross-coupling reactions, Copper-Mediated Cross-Coupling Reactions provides a complete up-to-date collection of the available reactions and catalytic systems for the formation of carbon-heteroatom and carbon-carbon bonds. This essential reference covers a broad scope of copper-mediated reactions, their variations, key advances, improvements, and an array of academic and industrial applications that have revolutionized the field of organic synthesis. The text also discusses the mechanism of these transformations, the use of copper as cost-efficient alternative to palladium, as well as recently developed methods for conducting copper-mediated reactions with supported catalysts.
Author : Steven P. Nolan
Publisher : Wiley-VCH
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 48,41 MB
Release : 2014-11-03
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783527334902
This comprehensive reference and handbook covers in depth all major aspects of the use of N-heterocyclic carbene-complexes in organic synthesis: from the theoretical background to characterization, and from cross-coupling reactions to olefin metathesis. Edited by a leader and experienced scientist in the field of homogeneous catalysis and use of NHCs, this is an essential tool for every academic and industrial synthetic chemist.
Author : Árpád Molnár
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 531 pages
File Size : 20,79 MB
Release : 2013-02-14
Category : Science
ISBN : 3527648305
This handbook and ready reference brings together all significant issues of practical importance in selected topics discussing recent significant achievements for interested readers in one single volume. While covering homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis, the text is unique in focusing on such important aspects as using different reaction media, microwave techniques or catalyst recycling. It also provides a comprehensive treatment of key issues of modern-day coupling reactions having emerged and matured in recent years and emphasizes those topics that show potential for future development, such as continuous flow systems, water as a reaction medium, and catalyst immobilization, among others. With its inclusion of large-scale applications in the pharmaceutical industry, this will equally be of great interest to industrial chemists. From the contents * Palladium-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling Reactions - A General Introduction * High-turnover Heterogeneous Palladium Catalysts in Coupling Reactions: the Case of Pd Loaded on Dealuminated Y Zeolites Palladium-Catalyzed Coupling Reactions with Magnetically Separable Nanocatalysts * The Use of Ordered Porous Solids as Support Materials in Palladium-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling Reactions * Coupling Reactions Induced by Polymer-Supported Catalysts * Coupling Reactions in Ionic Liquids * Cross-Coupling Reactions in Aqueous Media * Microwave-Assisted Synthesis in C-C and C-Heteroatom Coupling Reactions * Catalyst Recycling in Palladium-Catalyzed Carbon-Carbon Coupling Reactions * Nature of the True Catalytic Species in Carbon-Carbon Coupling Reactions with * Heterogeneous Palladium Precatalysts * Coupling Reactions in Continuous Flow Systems * Large-Scale Applications of Palladium-Catalyzed Couplings in the Pharmaceutical Industry
Author : Silvia Díez-González
Publisher : Royal Society of Chemistry
Page : 469 pages
File Size : 23,9 MB
Release : 2011
Category : Science
ISBN : 1849730423
Over the last fifteen years, N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) have mostly been used as ancillary ligands for the preparation of transition metal-based catalysts. Compared to phosphorus-containing ligands, NHCs tend to bind more strongly to metal centres, avoiding the necessity for the use of excess ligand in catalytic reactions. The corresponding complexes are often less sensitive to air and moisture, and have proven remarkably resistant to oxidation. Recent developments in catalysis applications have been facilitated by the availability of carbenes stable enough to be bottled, particularly for their use as organocatalysts. This book shows how N-heterocyclic carbenes can be useful in various fields of chemistry and not merely laboratory curiosities or simple phosphine mimics. NHCs are best known for their contribution to ruthenium and palladium-catalysed reactions but the scope of this book is much broader. The synthesis of NHC ligands and their corresponding metal complexes are covered in depth. Moreover, the biological activity of NHC-containing complexes, as well as an overview of their theoretical aspects are included. Such metal species are further examined, not only in terms of their catalytic applications, but also of their stereoelectronic parameters and reactivity/stability. Finally, special attention is given to the hot topic of organocatalysis. The book will be of interest to postgraduates, academic researchers and those working in industry.
Author : Larry Yet
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 562 pages
File Size : 28,93 MB
Release : 2018-03-07
Category : Medical
ISBN : 1118686357
A comprehensive guide to privileged structures and their application in the discovery of new drugs The use of privileged structures is a viable strategy in the discovery of new medicines at the lead optimization stages of the drug discovery process. Privileged Structures in Drug Discovery offers a comprehensive text that reviews privileged structures from the point of view of medicinal chemistry and contains the synthetic routes to these structures. In this text, the author—a noted expert in the field—includes an historical perspective on the topic, presents a practical compendium to privileged structures, and offers an informed perspective on the future direction for the field. The book describes the up-to-date and state-of-the-art methods of organic synthesis that describe the use of privileged structures that are of most interest. Chapters included information on benzodiazepines, 1,4-dihydropyridines, biaryls, 4-(hetero)arylpiperidines, spiropiperidines, 2-aminopyrimidines, 2-aminothiazoles, 2-(hetero)arylindoles, tetrahydroisoquinolines, 2,2-dimethylbenzopyrans, hydroxamates, and bicyclic pyridines containing ring-junction nitrogen as privileged scaffolds in medicinal chemistry. Numerous, illustrative case studies document the current use of the privileged structures in the discovery of drugs. This important volume: Describes the drug compounds that have successfully made it to the marketplace and the chemistry associated with them Offers the experience from an author who has worked in many therapeutic areas of medicinal chemistry Details many of the recent developments in organic chemistry that prepare target molecules Includes a wealth of medicinal chemistry case studies that clearly illustrate the use of privileged structures Designed for use by industrial medicinal chemists and process chemists, academic organic and medicinal chemists, as well as chemistry students and faculty, Privileged Structures in Drug Discovery offers a current guide to organic synthesis methods to access the privileged structures of interest, and contains medicinal chemistry case studies that document their application.
Author : Silvia Diez-Gonzalez
Publisher : Royal Society of Chemistry
Page : 637 pages
File Size : 37,82 MB
Release : 2016-11-04
Category : Science
ISBN : 1782626816
In less than 20 years N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) have become well-established ancillary ligands for the preparation of transition metal-based catalysts. This is mainly due to the fact that NHCs tend to bind strongly to metal centres, avoiding the need of excess ligand in catalytic reactions. Also, NHC‒metal complexes are often insensitive to air and moisture, and have proven remarkably resistant to oxidation. This book showcases the wide variety of applications of NHCs in different chemistry fields beyond being simple phosphine mimics. This second edition has been updated throughout, and now includes a new chapter on NHC‒main group element complexes. It covers the synthesis of NHC ligands and their corresponding metal complexes, as well as their bonding and stereoelectronic properties and applications in catalysis. This is complemented by related topics such as organocatalysis and biologically active complexes. Written for organic and inorganic chemists, this book is ideal for postgraduates, researchers and industrialists.
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Page : 584 pages
File Size : 34,78 MB
Release : 2015
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Dimeric rhodium N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes [Rh(NHC)(C2H4)Cl]2 react with a variety of other neutral donors to form heteroleptic complexes [(L)Rh(NHC)(C2H4)Cl] (L = phosphine, pyridine) or [(L)Rh(NHC)Cl] (L = 2,2'-bipyridine (bipy), 1,10-phenanthroline (phen)). The reactivity of the resulting complexes towards O2 was investigated. In particular, [(bipy)Rh(NHC)Cl] and [(phen)Rh(NHC)Cl] resulted in RhIII peroxo complexes. In contrast, [Rh(NHC)2(O2)Cl] display particularly short O-O bond lengths and are described as singlet oxygen species. Interestingly, the mode in which O2 binds is associated with the coordination number about the transition metal complex, which is related to its reducing power. [Rh(IPr)(C2H4)Cl]2 reacts with phenyl pyridine derivatives at room temperature resulting in formal C-H activations. Upon the treatment of phenyl pyridine with pinacol borane (HBPin) in the presence of a weak base and a catalytic amount of [Rh(IPr)(C2H4)Cl]2, C-H borylated products were obtained in high yield and selectivity. The borylated products can then be used as substrates in the palladium catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura cross coupling with aryl halides. 1,2,3-Triazole mesoionic carbene (tMIC) ligands were generated upon treatment of corresponding triazolium salts with strong bases, and can be trapped in the presence of a transition metal. The synthesis of Ag-tMIC complexes proceeds by a facile and mild route upon treatment of the triazolium salt with Ag2O. The resulting Ag-tMIC complexes undergo facile transmetallation to both Pd and Rh under very mild conditions resulting in air and moisture stable metal complexes. Triazolium salts can further be metallated to Pd in the presence of weak bases, and the resulting Pd-tMIC complexes are active catalysts in the Mizoroki-Heck reaction with aryl iodides. Benzylic trifluoromethyl sulfones are competent electrophilic substrates in palladium catalyzed cross coupling reactions, resulting in the formation of triarylmethanes in high yields under mild conditions. These substrates are conveniently synthesized and are highly reactive starting materials with phenyl boronic acids in the presence of a Pd-NHC catalyst. The structure of the Pd-NHC precatalyst is crucial, as only [(NHC)Pd(allyl)Cl] type complexes appear to be effective. These complexes can be conveniently synthesized upon the treatment of the corresponding imidazolium salt with a strong base and [Pd(allyl)Cl]2.
Author : Chao-Jun Li
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 435 pages
File Size : 42,30 MB
Release : 2007-06-04
Category : Science
ISBN : 0470131438
An extensive update of the classic reference on organic reactions in water Published almost a decade ago, the first edition has served as the guide for research in this burgeoning field. Due to the cost, safety, efficiency, and environmental friendliness of water as a solvent, there are many new applications in industry and academic laboratories. More than forty percent of this extensively updated second edition covers new reactions. For ease of reference, it is organized by functional groups. A core reference, Comprehensive Organic Reactions in Aqueous Media, Second Edition: * Provides the most comprehensive coverage of aqueous organicreactions available * Covers the basic principles and theory and progresses to applications * Includes alkanes, alkenes, aromatics, electrophilic substitutions, carbonyls, alpha, beta-unsaturated carbonyls, carbon-nitrogen bonds, organic halides, pericyclic reactions, photochemical reactions, click chemistry, and multi-step syntheses? * Provides examples of applications in industry This is the premier reference for chemists and chemical engineers in industry or research, as well as for students in advanced-level courses.