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Author : Julee Lynn Thompson
Publisher :
Page : 186 pages
File Size : 22,64 MB
Release : 1999
Category :
ISBN :
Author : James Diego Vigil
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
Page : 139 pages
File Size : 13,88 MB
Release : 2020-08-20
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 179361332X
Multiple Marginality and Gangs: Through a Prism Darkly unravels the youth gang problem in a multidimensional approach that encompasses the place, status, social control, subcultural, and identity facets of urban street gangs. The power of place and the status of persons and groups are the major forces that generate the many situations and conditions that give rise to gangs. In its simplest trajectory, Multiple Marginality can be modeled as follows: place/status to street socialization to street subculture to street identity. It is the actions and reactions among them that we fathom. As we witness detrimental or absent family influence, we also observe weaker, underfunded schools that limit educators’ reach. At the same time, there has been an increase in the militarization of law enforcement to deal with the youth street populations, the heaviest hand is that of the police. There is a causal relationship between social marginalization factors and gang membership. A psychological analysis also entails how street socialization leads to a street identity. In a place and status group, the cascading effects of marginalization have certainly affected—and mostly thwarted—social control institutions.
Author : Harol Jonatan Pineda Chavez
Publisher :
Page : 218 pages
File Size : 24,52 MB
Release : 2016
Category :
ISBN :
The purpose of this research is to explore factors that explain how ethnic identity and culture conflict is shaped and developed within a group of Mexican-American men living in Sacramento, California. These factors include: Personal (Individual risk factors), Family risk factors, Peer risk factors, Education (School risk factors), and Neighborhood location (Community risk factors).The study employs in-depth, semi-structured, face-to-face interviews focusing on the above risk factors, acculturation, and multiple marginality of approximately eighteen male participants. The participants were between the ages of eighteen and thirty years old. These responses are the data upon which grounded theory methods of qualitative data analysis were employed to analyze how ethnicity, acculturation, culture conflict, and marginalization influence this subgroup of Mexican-Americans. Review of the literature This chapter gives a brief background to the history of gangs in the United States. Additionally, the chapter highlights the negative effects of gang membership, and the primary risk factors associated with such association. The chapter concludes with an explanation of how such risk factors affect Mexican-Americans' acculturation, ethnic identity, and it leads to Vigil's concept of multiple marginality. Analysis The data were collected from interviews with eighteen participants. Data were analyzed utilizing a system of 'line-by-line' coding to generate themes from the interviews. A review of literature identified certain risk factors: acculturation, culture, education, family, individual, peers, and community issues as significantly influential on Mexican-Americans who joined or affiliate with gangs. The face-to-face interviews revealed that most of the participants' verified assertions from the literature, suggesting that factors such as these play a significant role in social development and perhaps even encourage engagement in crimes, deviance, and affiliation with gangs. The literature supports the impact of culture conflict and Vigil's (1988) multiple marginality on these Mexican-American community members. Discussion, Conclusion, and Recommendation Due to my own experience and where I grew up, I also had assumptions about being Mexican-American, and had similar experiences, as did many of these participants. These participants faced many challenges related to their families, peers, culture, and their first language. However, in spite of any short-comings these experiences caused, they highlighted the importance of the neighborhoods (geographical location) where they grew up, as strongly influencing whether they were involved with criminal activity, deviancy, and gang affiliation. Overall, their responses were more focus on the negative effects of acculturation with very few positive examples that are highlighted in the advantage of being bilingual. The results cannot be generalized beyond the current research as the data were derived from a small, non-probability convenience sample and are not likely to provide a comprehensive interpretation of Mexican-American ethnic identity and culture conflict issues in the United States. However, collecting data from a larger sample would improve validity and generalizability.
Author : Jane Close Conoley
Publisher : Guilford Press
Page : 568 pages
File Size : 14,23 MB
Release : 2004-07-26
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781572306714
This work offers effective intervention strategies for managing school violence. Opening with a range of perspectives on student aggression, it provides a comprehensive view on practical interventions at the student, school, and systems levels. Practioners present empirically-grounded strategies for an array of school settings and situations, seeking to help readers make informed decisions about the approaches that would be most effective in their own environments.; The first part of the text presents information on the nature and prevalence of youth violence today, and outlines strategies geared toward making the school physically safer, establishing clear behaviour standards, providing adequate adult presence, enforcing rules fairly and sanctioning offenders, and creating partnerships with outside agencies.; The chapters that follow describe a range of interventions directed toward aggresive students themselves which have proved highly effective in outcome evaluation research. These approaches include behavioural classroom management, crises- and gang- orientated interventions, and preventative pre-school programmes. In addition, it details school-orientated strategies such as academic and curriculum interventions, vandalism control, and effective security policy. Exploring the complex relationship among school behaviour, family life, and community, chapters also consider avenues toward effecting change in the larger context of the students' lives.; A hands-on manual for dealing with some of the most intractable problems education professionals face, this book offers extensive information for school psychologists and researchers.
Author :
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 2767 pages
File Size : 10,68 MB
Release : 2008-09-05
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 0123739853
The 2nd edition of Encyclopedia of Violence, Peace and Conflict provides timely and useful information about antagonism and reconciliation in all contexts of public and personal life. Building on the highly-regarded 1st edition (1999), and publishing at a time of seemingly inexorably increasing conflict and violent behaviour the world over, the Encyclopedia is an essential reference for students and scholars working in the field of peace and conflict resolution studies, and for those seeking to explore alternatives to violence and share visions and strategies for social justice and social change. Covering topics as diverse as Arms Control, Peace Movements, Child Abuse, Folklore, Terrorism and Political Assassinations, the Encyclopedia comprehensively addresses an extensive information area in 225 multi-disciplinary, cross-referenced and authoritatively authored articles. In his Preface to the 1st edition, Editor-in-Chief Lester Kurtz wrote: "The problem of violence poses such a monumental challenge at the end of the 20th century that it is surprising we have addressed it so inadequately. We have not made much progress in learning how to cooperate with one another more effectively or how to conduct our conflicts more peacefully. Instead, we have increased the lethality of our combat through revolutions in weapons technology and military training. The Encyclopedia of Violence, Peace, and Conflict is designed to help us to take stock of our knowledge concerning these crucial phenomena." Ten years on, the need for an authoritative and cross-disciplinary approach to the great issues of violence and peace seems greater than ever. More than 200 authoritative multidisciplinary articles in a 3-volume set Many brand-new articles alongside revised and updated content from the First Edition Article outline and glossary of key terms at the beginning of each article Entries arranged alphabetically for easy access Articles written by more than 200 eminent contributors from around the world
Author : Margaret A. Gibson
Publisher : Teachers College Press
Page : 228 pages
File Size : 11,95 MB
Release : 2004-04-03
Category : Education
ISBN : 9780807744376
This collection examines the ongoing social dynamic between peer realtions and academic achievement. Prominent scholars present six new studies and recommendations for policy and practice. The contributors are: Livier F. Bejinex, Diane Friedlaender, Nicole Hidalgo, Dianna Gutierres-Becha, Clayton A. Hurd, Heather Lewis-Charp, Susan O'Hara, Jason Duque Raley, Cony Rolon, Ricardo D. Stanton-Salazar, James Diego Vigil, and Hanh Cao Yu.
Author : George Fink
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 905 pages
File Size : 20,88 MB
Release : 2010-11-25
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 0123813824
Stress is a universal phenomenon that impacts adversely on most people. Following on the heels of Stress Science: Neuroendocrinology and Stress Consequences: Mental, Neuropsychological and Socioeconomic, this third derivative volume will provide a readily accessible and affordable compendium that explains the phenomenon of stress as it relates physically and mentally to war, conflict and disaster. The first section will be dedicated to study of the link between stress and various forms of conflict. Specific instances of conflict will be discussed - the Gulf wars, Korea, Hiroshima bombing, the Holocaust, 9/11, Northern Ireland, terrorism in general, torture. The second section will explore the stress impact of more general physical disasters such as airline and vehicle accidents, earthquakes, floods, and hurricanes. The final section will focus on the clinical relationship between conflict stress and various mental diseases – PTSD, suicide, disaster syndrome, etc – as well as the adverse impact of stress on human physical health in general. Comprised of about 100 top articles selected from Elsevier’s Encyclopedias of Stress, the volume will provide a valuable desk reference that will put relevant articles readily at the fingertips of all scientists who consider stress. Chapters offer impressive and unique scope with topics addressing the relationship between stress generated by war, conflict and disaster and various physical/mental disorders Richly illustrated with over 200 figures, dozens in color Articles carefully selected by one of the world’s most preeminent stress researchers and contributors represent the most outstanding scholarship in the field, with each chapter providing fully vetted and reliable expert knowledge
Author : lisahunter
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 205 pages
File Size : 33,98 MB
Release : 2018-04-27
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 1351781383
Sex, gender and sexuality have played an important role in shaping the culture of surfing and are central themes in the study of sport and movement cultures. Rooted in a rich precolonial history, surfing has undergone a modern transformation shaped by visual culture, commodification, sportization, mediatization and globalization, arguably all linked to sex, gender and sexuality. Using the physical culture of surfing as its focus, this international collection discusses the complex relationships between surfing, sex/es, gender/s and sexuality/ies. This book crosses new theoretical, empirical and methodological boundaries by exploring themes and issues such as indigenous histories, exploitation, the marginalized, race, ethnicity, disability, counter cultures, transgressions and queering. Offering original insights into surfing’s symbolism, postcolonialism, patriocolonial whiteness and heteronormativity, its chapters are connected by a collective aspiration to document sex/es, gender/s and sexuality/ies as they are shaped by surfing and, importantly, as they re-shape the many, possibly previously unknown, worlds of surfing. Surfing, Sex, Genders and Sexualities is fascinating reading for anybody with an interest in the sociology of sport or gender and sexuality studies.
Author : Lester R. Kurtz
Publisher :
Page : 880 pages
File Size : 20,37 MB
Release : 2008
Category : Political Science
ISBN :
Provides timely and useful information about antagonism and reconciliation in all contexts of public and personal life. An essential reference for students and scholars working in the field of peace and conflict resolution studies, and for those seeking to explore alternatives to violence and share visions and strategies for social justice and social change.
Author : Frank van Gemert
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 298 pages
File Size : 24,38 MB
Release : 2013-05-13
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 1134003781
This book is the third publication from the Eurogang Network, a cross-national collaboration of researchers (from both North America and Europe) devoted to comparative and multi-national research on youth gangs. It provides a unique insight into the influence of migration on local gang formation and development, paying particular attention to the importance of ethnicity. The book also explores the challenges that migration and ethnicity pose for responding effectively to the growth of such gangs, particularly in areas where public discourse on such issues is restricted. Chapters in the book are concerned to address both situations where there have been longstanding problems with street gangs as well as areas where such issues have just started to emerge. A variety of different research traditions and approaches are represented, including ethnographic methods, self-report surveys and interviews, official records data and victim interviews. It will be essential reading for anybody interested in the phenomenon of street and youth gangs.