[PDF] Model For Adaptive Decision Making Behavior Of Distributed Hierarchical Teams Under High Temporal Workload eBook

Author : Alex Kirlik
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 330 pages
File Size : 41,76 MB
Release : 2006-05-04
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 0190208171

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In everyday life, and particularly in the modern workplace, information technology and automation increasingly mediate, augment, and sometimes even interfere with how humans interact with their environment. How to understand and support cognition in human-technology interaction is both a practically and socially relevant problem. The chapters in this volume frame this problem in adaptive terms: How are behavior and cognition adapted, or perhaps ill-adapted, to the demands and opportunities of an environment where interaction is mediated by tools and technology? The authors draw heavily on the work of Egon Brunswik, a pioneer in ecological and cognitive psychology, as well as on modern refinements and extensions of Brunswikian ideas, including Hammond's Social Judgment Theory, Gigerenzer's Ecological Rationality and Anderson's Rational Analysis. Inspired by Brunswik's view of cognition as "coming to terms" with the "casual texture" of the external world, the chapters in this volume provide quantitative and computational models and measures for studying how people come to terms with an increasingly technological ecology, and provide insights for supporting cognition and performance through design, training, and other interventions. The methods, models, and measures presented in this book provide timely and important resources for addressing problems in the rapidly growing field of human-technology interaction. The book will be of interest to researchers, students, and practitioners in human factors, cognitive engineering, human-computer interaction, judgment and decision making, and cognitive science.

Author : Christoph Schneeweiss
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 345 pages
File Size : 24,10 MB
Release : 2013-04-17
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 3662038307

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Distributed decision making is described in this book from a hierarchical perspective. A unified approach allows to treat such seemingly diverse fields as multi-level decision making, hierarchical production planning, principal agent theory, hierarchical negotiations, and dynamic games within the framework of a general pair of functional equations. In doing so, the book covers the range from a multi-level one-person decision problem to a multi-person antagonistic planning and leadership situation. These general ideas are illustrated with numerous examples and real-life planning situations. In addition, the treatise provides a theoretical foundation for important problem areas in business administration such as hierarchical production planning, the problems of design and implementation, modern concepts in managerial accounting, and supply chain management.

Author : Lu Xu
Publisher :
Page : 117 pages
File Size : 30,64 MB
Release : 2006
Category : Control theory
ISBN :

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Abstract: Distributed decision making has become the predominate methodology of handling autonomous systems for our researchers. Behavior planning involves deciding at a certain time what each distributed decision making system should do and where it should go for the benefit of a certain objective. It deals with task coordination and resource allocation. In this dissertation, we focus on mathematically modelling and analysis the behavior planning in distributed decision making systems. We construct an distributed dynamic resource environment where each resource bears its individual properties. In the planning problem, there are two types of distributed decision making systems, Centers and Agents, which have different sensing, communication, and consuming capabilities. To make plans for these systems so that the total resource consumption is maximized, first we propose Instruction Planner, which applies the Lagrangian Relaxation method to relax the capacity constraints and decompose the planning problem. Meanwhile, we develop the "earliest expiration date" scheduling algorithm to make the results feasible so that no capacity constraints are violated in all the plans. Next in order to tack the coupling issue between scheduling and resource allocation more efficiently, we present Incentive Planner. In Incentive Planner, we functionally distribute the planning problem into three levels. In each level, we define its independent function and objective. Then Anticipation Theorem and Incentive Theorem are introduced and proved so that the decisions made in each level based on its local objective forms a Nash solution of the overall objective. In order to extend the successful application of the anticipation and incentives proposed in Incentive Planner, we then introduce these interrelation functions in the reference input distribution problem, which establishes an example for their future research in the hierarchical problems.

Author : Panel on Modeling Human Behavior and Command Decision Making: Representations for Military Simulations
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 433 pages
File Size : 46,10 MB
Release : 1998-08-14
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 0309523893

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Simulations are widely used in the military for training personnel, analyzing proposed equipment, and rehearsing missions, and these simulations need realistic models of human behavior. This book draws together a wide variety of theoretical and applied research in human behavior modeling that can be considered for use in those simulations. It covers behavior at the individual, unit, and command level. At the individual soldier level, the topics covered include attention, learning, memory, decisionmaking, perception, situation awareness, and planning. At the unit level, the focus is on command and control. The book provides short-, medium-, and long-term goals for research and development of more realistic models of human behavior.

Author : Gary A. Klein
Publisher : Ablex Publishing Corporation
Page : 480 pages
File Size : 30,54 MB
Release : 1992-08-01
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9780893919436

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This book describes the new perspective of naturalistic decision making. The point of departure is how people make decisions in complex, time-pressured, ambiguous, and changing environments. The purpose of this book is to present and elaborate on past models developed to explain this type of decision making. The central philosophy of the book is that classical decision theory has been unproductive since it is so heavily grounded in economics and mathematics. The contributors believe there is little to be learned from laboratory studies about how people actually handle difficult and interesting tasks; therefore, the book presents a critique of classical decision theory. The models of naturalistic decision making described by the contributors were derived to explain the behavior of firefighters, business people, jurors, nuclear power plant operators, and command-and-control officers. The models are unique in that they address the way people use experience to frame situations and adopt courses of action. The models explain the strengths of skilled decision makers. Naturalistic decision research requires the examination of field settings, and a section of the book covers methods for conducting meaningful research outside the laboratory. In addition, since his approach has applied value, the book covers issues of training and decision support systems.

Author : Henry Mintzberg
Publisher :
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 47,16 MB
Release : 2009
Category :
ISBN :

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Synthesizes the empirical literature on organizationalstructuring to answer the question of how organizations structure themselves --how they resolve needed coordination and division of labor. Organizationalstructuring is defined as the sum total of the ways in which an organizationdivides and coordinates its labor into distinct tasks. Further analysis of theresearch literature is neededin order to builda conceptualframework that will fill in the significant gap left by not connecting adescription of structure to its context: how an organization actuallyfunctions. The results of the synthesis are five basic configurations (the SimpleStructure, the Machine Bureaucracy, the Professional Bureaucracy, theDivisionalized Form, and the Adhocracy) that serve as the fundamental elementsof structure in an organization. Five basic parts of the contemporaryorganization (the operating core, the strategic apex, the middle line, thetechnostructure, and the support staff), and five theories of how it functions(i.e., as a system characterized by formal authority, regulated flows, informalcommunication, work constellations, and ad hoc decision processes) aretheorized. Organizations function in complex and varying ways, due to differing flows -including flows of authority, work material, information, and decisionprocesses. These flows depend on the age, size, and environment of theorganization; additionally, technology plays a key role because of itsimportance in structuring the operating core. Finally, design parameters aredescribed - based on the above five basic parts and five theories - that areused as a means of coordination and division of labor in designingorganizational structures, in order to establish stable patterns of behavior.(CJC).