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Author : Carmelo Alessandro Basile Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG Page : 302 pages File Size : 28,95 MB Release : 2024-09-02 Category : Language Arts & Disciplines ISBN : 3111488756
This book explores the evolution of modal constructions of necessity and obligation in New Englishes. Focusing on Singapore English, analysis of corpus data reveals lower levels of grammaticalization compared to its lexifier, British English. This trend is explained through the lenses of a “pan-stratist” model, which considers a spectrum of forces influencing the dynamics of contact. On the one hand, cognitive mechanisms seem to favour the selection of less grammaticalized (and more transparent) variants from the lexifier. On the other hand, the substrate is positioned as a background force, actively contributing to the selection of new material to address functional gaps in the system.
Completely revised with the latest advances, evidence, and standards needed for everyday practice, Contact Lenses, 6th Edition, remains a definitive work on this multi-faceted topic, ideal for optometrists, dispensing opticians, ophthalmologists, and contact lens practitioners. This classic, superbly designed text is perfectly suited for health care professionals, providing all of the essential knowledge needed in one convenient volume. Provides up-to-date, authoritative information on contact lens materials and lens types, treatment in contact lens and tear film complications, and myopia correction and contact lenses for abnormal ocular conditions. Discusses current topics such as miniscleral lenses, keratoconus, corneal cross linking, and paediatric, cosmetic and prosthetic contact lenses. Contains high-quality line diagrams and clinical illustrations to highlight key points in the text. Focuses on the evidence behind contact lens practice, enabling you to make informed choices about the care you give to your patients.
Author : Jozina Vander Klok Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG Page : 439 pages File Size : 49,85 MB Release : 2022-11-07 Category : Language Arts & Disciplines ISBN : 3110721562
Current semantic fieldwork research has shown that the study of modality cannot be conducted via translation alone, yet much of what we know about modal expressions across the world’s language is still translation-based. This book aims to facilitate the study of modality across more diverse languages and a wider participant base by explaining and illustrating a nuanced set of methods, including storyboards, questionnaires, corpora research, experimental tasks, as well as a discussion of practical semantic fieldwork techniques. The methodological protocols tested and employed by the authors on underdescribed languages - spanning seven different language families - are intended to be applicable as cross-linguistic tools, while also indicating the successes and challenges of their contributions. Expanding the study of modality to a wider set of underdescribed languages will undoubtedly bring new insights into our theoretical understanding of modality and deepen our understanding of a cross-linguistic typology of modal expressions.
Abstract: There are more presbyopic patients than ever. The US Census reports that from 2000 to 2006-2008 there were 14,595,153 more people between the ages of forty-five and sixty-four. Even though glasses provide a great option for these types of patients to assist them in seeing at distance, intermediate, and near, a lot of patients want that ability to see at those distances in the form of a contact lens. For reasons of cosmesis and greater freedom from eyewear in a more active lifestyle, some patients prefer contact lenses and presbyopic patients are no different. Studies have shown that indeed presbyopic patients can be successful in a presbyopic contact lens modality. Gauthier1992 showed that of the 1133 patients surveyed, 28% were found to be interested in trying monovision contact lenses (Gauthier, Holden, Grant and Chong, 1992). Of the 72 patients that were fit in monovision, Gauthier found at one month that 64% of the patients were still wearing lenses and 54% of the patients would continue to wear the monovision modality. In 2006 Richdale reported that 84% of presbyopic patients (38/45) were able to complete a near vision correction contact lens study (Richdale, Mitchell and Zadnik, 2006). When patients in this study had to choose between a monovision contact lens modality and a multifocal modality, 76% of the 38 patients reported that they preferred the multifocal modality over the older technology of a monovision correction (Richdale et al., 2006). Gauthier asked how many were interested and successful in monovision, but no study has put these two results, interest and success, together for the newer technology of the multifocal design. Due to the potential increasing demand for presbyopic contact lens correction, multifocal contact lens fitting might be facilitated by information on the relative advantages of different multifocal brands. We evaluated the interest and success level among presbyopes of multifocal contact lenses. We found of 300 presbyopes between the ages of 43-65 years of age surveyed that 42.9% were interested in multifocal contact lens wear. Of the 35 patients that began the study 27 (77.1%) wore lenses for the three month period and 25 of the 27 patients (92.6%) wanted a prescription for their particular lens so they could have the option of wearing lenses in the future during some part of their week.
In this thoroughly revised and updated third edition of Contact Lens Practice, award-winning author, researcher and lecturer, Professor Nathan Efron, provides a comprehensive, evidence-based overview of the scientific foundation and clinical applications of contact lens fitting. The text has been refreshed by the inclusion of ten new authors – a mixture of scientists and clinicians, all of whom are at the cutting edge of their specialty. The chapters are highly illustrated in full colour and subject matter is presented in a clear and logical format to allow the reader to quickly hone in the desired information. Ideal for an optometrist, ophthalmologist, orthoptist, optician, student, or work in the industry, this book will serve as an essential companion and guide to current thinking and practice in the contact lens field. Highlights of this edition include a new chapter on myopia control contact lenses, as well are completely rewritten chapters, by new authors, on keratoconus, orthokeratology, soft and rigid lens measurement and history taking.
In recent years, we have witnessed, on the one hand, an increased interest in cross-linguistic data in formal semantic studies, and, on the other hand, an increased concern for semantic issues in language typology. However, only few studies combine semantic and typological research for a particular semantic domain (such as the papers in Bach et al. (1995) on quantification and Smith (1997) on aspect). This book brings together formal semanticists with a cross-linguistic perspective and/or those working on lesser-known languages, and typologists interested in semantic theory, to discuss semantic variation in the specific domain of Tense, Aspect, and Mood/Modality.
This handbook offers an in depth and comprehensive state of the art survey of the linguistic domains of modality and mood. An international team of experts in the field examine the full range of methodological and theoretical approaches to the many facets of the phenomena involved. Following an opening section that provides an introduction and historical background to the topic, the volume is divided into five parts. Parts 1 and 2 present the basic linguistic facts about the systems of modality and mood in the languages of the world, covering the semantics and the expression of different subtypes of modality and mood respectively. The authors also examine the interaction of modality and mood, mutually and with other semantic categories such as aspect, time, negation, and evidentiality. In Part 3, authors discuss the features of the modality and mood systems in five typologically different language groups, while chapters in Part 4 deal with wider perspectives on modality and mood: diachrony, areality, first language acquisition, and sign language. Finally, Part 5 looks at how modality and mood are handled in different theoretical approaches: formal syntax, functional linguistics, cognitive linguistics and construction grammar, and formal semantics.
Topics in Modal Analysis I, Volume 5. Proceedings of the 30th IMAC, A Conference and Exposition on Structural Dynamics, 2012, the fifth volume of six from the Conference, brings together 53 contributions to this important area of research and engineering. The collection presents early findings and case studies on fundamental and applied aspects of Structural Dynamics, including papers on: Modal Parameter Identification Damping of Materials and Members New Methods Structural Health Monitoring Processing Modal Data Operational Modal Analysis Damping Excitation Methods Active Control Damage Detection for Civil Structures System Identification: Applications
From its beginnings in the 1960s, sociolinguistics developed several different subfields with distinct methods and interests: the variationist tradition established by Labov, the anthropological tradition of Hymes, interactional sociolinguistics as developed by Gumperz, and the sociology of language represented by the work of Fishman. All of these areas have seen a great deal of growth in recent decades, and recent studies have led to a more broadly inclusive view of sociolinguistics. Hence there is a need for a handbook that will survey the main areas of the field, point out the lacunae in our existing knowledge base, and provide directions for future research. The Oxford Handbook of Sociolinguistics will differ from existing work in four major respects. First, it will emphasize new methodological developments, particularly the convergence of linguistic anthropology and variationist sociolinguistics. Second, it will include chapters on sociolinguistic developments in areas of the world that have been relatively neglected in the major journals. Third, its chapters are written by contributors who have worked in a range of languages and whose work addresses sociolinguistic issues in bi- and multilingual contexts, i.e. the contexts in which a majority of the world's population lives. Finally, it will include substantial material on the rapidly growing study of sign language sociolinguistics.