[PDF] Mitochondria In Obesity And Type 2 Diabetes eBook

Author : Beatrice Morio
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 460 pages
File Size : 32,90 MB
Release : 2019-04-26
Category : Science
ISBN : 0128117524

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Mitochondria in Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes: Comprehensive Review on Mitochondrial Functioning and Involvement in Metabolic Diseases synthesizes discoveries from laboratories around the world, enhancing our understanding of the involvement of mitochondria in the etiology of diseases, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. Chapters illustrate and provide an overview of key concepts on topics such as the role of mitochondria in adipose tissue, cancer, cardiovascular comorbidities, skeletal muscle, the liver, kidney, and more. This book is a must-have reference for students and educational teams in biology, physiology and medicine, and researchers. Synthesizes actual knowledge on mitochondrial function Provides an integrated vision of each tissue in the etiology of obesity and type 2 diabetes Identifies the interactive networks that involve alteration in mitochondrial mass and function in disease progression Highlights the role played by mitochondria in the prevention and treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes

Author : Beatrice Morio
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 459 pages
File Size : 30,99 MB
Release : 2019-04-13
Category : Science
ISBN : 0128118598

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Mitochondria in Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes: Comprehensive Review on Mitochondrial Functioning and Involvement in Metabolic Diseases synthesizes discoveries from laboratories around the world, enhancing our understanding of the involvement of mitochondria in the etiology of diseases, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. Chapters illustrate and provide an overview of key concepts on topics such as the role of mitochondria in adipose tissue, cancer, cardiovascular comorbidities, skeletal muscle, the liver, kidney, and more. This book is a must-have reference for students and educational teams in biology, physiology and medicine, and researchers. Synthesizes actual knowledge on mitochondrial function Provides an integrated vision of each tissue in the etiology of obesity and type 2 diabetes Identifies the interactive networks that involve alteration in mitochondrial mass and function in disease progression Highlights the role played by mitochondria in the prevention and treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes

Author : Lawrence H. Lash
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 527 pages
File Size : 16,26 MB
Release : 2013-10-22
Category : Science
ISBN : 1483218619

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Methods in Toxicology, Volume 2: Mitochondrial Dysfunction provides a source of methods, techniques, and experimental approaches for studying the role of abnormal mitochondrial function in cell injury. The book discusses the methods for the preparation and basic functional assessment of mitochondria from liver, kidney, muscle, and brain; the methods for assessing mitochondrial dysfunction in vivo and in intact organs; and the structural aspects of mitochondrial dysfunction are addressed. The text also describes chemical detoxification and metabolism as well as specific metabolic reactions that are especially important targets or indicators of damage. The methods for measurement of alterations in fatty acid and phospholipid metabolism and for the analysis and manipulation of oxidative injury and antioxidant systems are also considered. The book further tackles additional methods on mitochondrial energetics and transport processes; approaches for assessing impaired function of mitochondria; and genetic and developmental aspects of mitochondrial disease and toxicology. The text also looks into mitochondrial DNA synthesis, covalent binding to mitochondrial DNA, DNA repair, and mitochondrial dysfunction in the context of developing individuals and cellular differentiation. Microbiologists, toxicologists, biochemists, and molecular pharmacologists will find the book invaluable.

Author : John J. Lemasters
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 533 pages
File Size : 36,61 MB
Release : 2007-05-08
Category : Science
ISBN : 0306468352

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Mitochondria are organelles in each cell outside the nucleus and are the energy source of all cells. As such, they are crucial to the healthy functioning of cells. Recent research has shown that mitochondrial dysfunction underlies a broad spectrum of disease, from maternally inherited genetic disorders to metabolism defects, aging, stroke, and neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, and Lou Gehrig's disease. This book brings together top researchers whose work in examining the pathophysiologic processes will lead to new strategies for prevention and treatment.

Author : Jessica Erin Sacks
Publisher :
Page : 204 pages
File Size : 49,68 MB
Release : 2018
Category : Insulin resistance
ISBN :

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Obesity is one of the largest medical epidemics our society faces today. There are over forty obesity-associated diseases that affect nearly every organ system in the body, including Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD). Insulin resistance is one of the hallmark characteristics underlying metabolic diseases, and mitochondrial dysfunction is believed to be a central player in this phenomenon, yet our understanding of the specific molecular mechanisms that serve as cause and consequence of defective mitochondria remain complex and elusive despite significant attention. In the studies presented in this dissertation, liver tissue isolated from a rat model of obesity-induced NAFLD and human subject-derived skeletal muscle cells revealed two distinct mechanisms by which mitochondrial dynamics may play a key role in regulating the progression of insulin resistance and cellular bioenergetics in obesity-related metabolic diseases. First, we found that markers of mitochondrial fusion and biogenesis are upregulated in the liver of obese Sprague-Dawley rats following gastric bypass surgery, and expression of a specific fusion marker, namely mitofusin 1, is associated with reductions in body weight and improved insulin sensitivity. Utilizing human primary skeletal muscle cells isolated from percutaneous needle biopsy, we found that metformin treatment in vitro upregulates glycolytic pathways, suppresses mitochondrial respiration, and activates a specific protein of mitochondrial fission. Together, the work presented here describes mitochondrial mechanisms related to insulin resistance in two obesity models and major metabolic tissues.

Author : Ghadi Antoun
Publisher :
Page : pages
File Size : 28,11 MB
Release : 2016
Category :
ISBN :

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Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are both complex diseases with multifactorial etiologies. Together they affect over 640 million people worldwide and have a significant impact on the global healthcare system incurring costs of over 800 billion dollars. The overall goal of my doctoral research has been to elucidate metabolic predictors and underlying mechanisms in obesity and T2DM. Specifically, I have examined mechanisms contributing to disordered oxidative metabolism in skeletal muscle. My research included participants who were recruited from the Ottawa Hospital Weight Management Clinic in which they completed a clinically supervised meal-replacement and lifestyle intervention program. More so, my doctoral studies evaluated characteristics of muscle mitochondrial function in obesity and T2DM and revealed impaired mitochondrial respiration and electron transport chain supercomplex assembly in muscle from patients with T2DM. The first aim was to study the impact of T2DM on weight loss ability in a large population of obese patients participating in a standardized meal replacement and lifestyle modification program. As there is considerable variability in weight loss propensity, it was found that T2DM significantly deters weight loss although the effect is not large. Since skeletal muscle energetics are central in the development and progression of obesity and T2DM, the second and third aims were to study mitochondrial function in this tissue with the idea of uncovering molecular etiologies. The second aim found deficiencies in mitochondrial respiration in individuals with obesity and T2DM compared to individuals with obesity alone. Reductions in mitochondrial respiration were correlated with increasing levels of HbA1C and attributed to paucity in supercomplex formation in the mitochondrial inner membrane (MIM) of the electron transport chain (ETC). The third aim was to delineate differential fuel oxidation mechanisms and circulating protein biomarkers in obese diet-sensitive (ODS) and obese diet-resistant (ODR) participants following a high fat meal (HFM) challenge. Whole-body analyses were conducted in addition to measures in blood, adipose tissue, skeletal muscle and primary cells. Remarkable increases in oxidative capacity were measured post-HFM. In addition, impaired mitochondrial function was found in the ODR group despite lack of differences in mitochondrial content or the assembly of supercomplexes. Differences were also found in circulating acylcarnitines as well as expression of several proteins including Heat shock 70 kDa protein 1A/1B, Tyrosine-protein kinase Fgr, and Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase D. Ultimately, a better understanding of mechanisms involved could lead to significant improvements in personalized medical approaches in obesity and T2DM.

Author : H. Böhles
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 188 pages
File Size : 32,62 MB
Release : 2004
Category : Cardiomyopathy
ISBN : 9783887631048

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During the last years the understanding for the aetiology of cardiomyopathies could be greatly improved. A great deal of information has accumulated in the field of inherited metabolic diseases, which provides a new basis for our understanding of many heart muscle problems and their corresponding clinical disease entities. This book is meant to give the reader a comprehensive overview of the cardiological manifestations of inborn errors of metabolism. Latest information, such as cardiomyopathy in Fabry disease or in patients with CDG-syndrome is included. It should be helpful, not only to cardiologists, paediatricians, internists and general practicioners, but also to all those interested in a better understanding of the metabolic basis of clinical disease entities.

Author : Fabrizio Barbetti
Publisher :
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 22,69 MB
Release : 2017
Category : Chromosome abnormalities
ISBN : 9783318060249

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This volume, written by renowned experts, provides complete coverage of the main genetic conditions associated with diabetes. Divided into five sections, it offers insights into genetic defects involving the pancreatic beta cell, extreme insulin resistance, ciliopathies, obesity and glucose metabolism, chromosomal defects, and other genetic conditions associated with increased susceptibility to diabetes. Other topics include the various subtypes of monogenic diabetes, such as the neonatal form and the Wolfram syndrome, as well as chromosomal defects leading to complex conditions affiliated with diabetes, like Trisomy 21 or Prader-Willi syndrome. There are also chapters dedicated to the poorly explored relationships between metabolism and neurodegenerative disorders like Friedreich's ataxia and muscular dystrophy. This book is a reference for every pediatric and adult endocrinologist and diabetologist, even experienced ones, with an interest in the intricacies and protean aspects of disorders of glucose metabolism secondary to genetic diseases.

Author : Todd Leff
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 530 pages
File Size : 41,62 MB
Release : 2010-03-19
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783527629534

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This timely and most comprehensive reference available on the topic covers all the different aspects vital in the fight against the global obesity epidemic. Following a look at adipose tissue development and morphology, the authors go on to examine its metabolic and endocrine functions and its role in disease. The final section deals with comparative and evolutionary aspects of the tissue. The result is an essential resource for cell and molecular biologists, physiologists, biochemists, pharmacologists, and those working in the pharmaceutical industry.