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"Alvarez drives home the point that for buildings and communities located in hurricane-prone regions, it is not a question of whether the area will be impacted, but when it will be impacted. The book makes a strong case for taking responsibility to understand the vulnerabilities of buildings and structures to hurricane impacts." Timothy Reinhold, P
"This is the thirty-first volume in the Earthquake Engineering Research Institute's series, Connections: The EERI Oral History Series. EERI began thisseries to preserve the recollections of some of those who have had pioneering careers in the field of earthquake engineering. Significant, evenrevolutionary, changes have occurred in earthquake engineering since individuals first began thinking in modern, scientific ways about how toprotect construction and society from earthquakes. The Connections series helps document this important history. This volume features Dr. Izzat(Ed) M. Idriss, a pioneer in the field of geotechnical earthquake engineering"--
This book assesses wind engineering research studies in the past two decades to identify an interdisciplinary research agenda and delineate an action plan for evaluation of critical wind engineering efforts. It promotes the interdisciplinary approach to achieve collaborative research, assesses the feasibility of formalizing undergraduate wind engineering curricula, and assesses international wind engineering research activities and transfer approaches for U.S. applications.
In response to the unacceptable loss of life and property from recent natural disasters, and the awesome prospect of even greater, catastrophic loss in the future, the National Mitigation Strategy (NMS) was developed to provide a conceptual framework to reduce these losses. Hazard mitigation involves recognizing and adapting to natural forces and is defined as any sustained action taken to reduce or eliminate long-term risk to human life and property. Contents: why a NMS? designing the strategy; basic principles and goals of the NMS; major elements and strategic objectives of the NMS; mitigation action plan. Tables.
Zusammenfassung: The book provides an overview of the Slow Onset Disasters (SLOD) in the urban built environment discussing potential strategies to assess and mitigate multiple climate change related risks. Climate change evidence has been reported in the last decades, suggesting that the anthropogenic activities are accelerating these changes towards a warmer and more polluted environment. In this context, SLODs have been linked to climate change related disasters and have been stated to have a higher impact risk within dense built environment (BE). Therefore, the book presents a description of the most relevant SLODs, their significance, and confluence, the way in which scientists and entities are monitoring their progression at different scales, a structured risk assessment strategy and the deconstruction of the BE characteristics that make it more prone to SLODs risk. In addition, it highlights the necessity of adapting the traditional risk assessment methods, to account for different vulnerability types, including the morphology and materiality of the BE, and the BE users' characteristics. In fact, individual features influence users' responses and tolerance to environmental stressors, because of age, health, gender, habits, and behaviour, thus impacting the users' vulnerability. Exposure can then amplify these issues, since it defines the number of users that can be effectively affected by the SLOD. Starting from this perspective, the book first traces literature-based correlations between individual features, use behaviour, and individual response to the SLOD-altered open spaces. Then, a novel methodology, to quantify the variations of users' vulnerability and exposure, is offered, to support designers in quickly defining input scenarios for risk assessment and mitigation. Lastly, it demonstrates, through a case study, the SLOD risk assessment framework proposed and the evaluation of the efficacy of risk mitigation strategies
The research reveals that the stage of community development is one of the most important factors for comparative studies of mitigation and resiliency success in coastal regions. The mitigation approach, the combination of land-use, engineered hardening or emergency management mitigation practices adopted at key policy junctures is influenced by temporal factors, such as the amount of undeveloped building rights, development pressure resulting from real estate cycles, and the power of local constituency groups. As these conditions vary locally, community mitigation approaches differ.
As levels of urbanization increase around the world, the growing concentrations of population and economic activity increases vulnerability to natural disasters. Interdependencies among urban populations mean that damage to the built environment, including water, sewer and energy infrastructure, can affect millions. Even if there is no change in the rate of occurrence of natural disasters (an unlikely prospect in the face of ongoing climate change) the potential for human and economic loss will continue to increase, along with the time required to recover. How do cities prepare for and recover from natural disasters? In this book, the authors provide a broad overview of the issues related to the impacts of disasters on cities around the world, from assessing risks to accounting for damages. The comparative approach across different types of disasters in a range of urban locations is useful in identifying opportunities for policy transfer. While there is no ’one size fits all’ solution to hazard mitigation, valuable lessons can be learned from the experiences of others. The chapters emphasize different modes for assessing hazard risk, as well as strategies for increasing the resiliency of vulnerable populations.
Current knowledge and state-of-the-art developments in topics related to the seismic performance and risk assessment of different types of structures and building stock are addressed in the book, with emphasis on probabilistic methods. The first part addresses the global risk components, as well as seismic hazard and ground motions, whereas the second, more extensive part presents recent advances in methods and tools for the seismic performance and risk assessment of structures. The book contains examples of steel, masonry and reinforced concrete buildings, as well as some examples related to various types of infrastructure, such as bridges and concrete gravity dams. The book's aim is to make a contribution towards the mitigation of seismic risk by presenting advanced methods and tools which can be used to achieve well-informed decision-making, this being the key element for the future protection of the built environment against earthquakes. Audience: This book will be of interest to researchers, postgraduate students and practicing engineers working in the fields of natural hazards, earthquake, structural and geotechnical engineering, and computational mechanics, but it may also be attractive to other experts working in the fields related to social and economic impact of earthquakes.