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Minute Book of the Junior Federation of Michigan Women's Clubs, 1933-1954. The Junior Federation is affiliated with the General Federation of Women's Clubs--Michigan.
In 1970, a group of women in Ann Arbor launched a crusade with an objective that seemed beyond reach at the time—force the University of Michigan to treat women the same as men. Sex discrimination was then rampant at U-M. The school’s admissions officials sought to maintain a ratio of 55:45 between male and female undergraduate entrants, turning away more qualified female applicants and arguing, among other things, that men needed help because they were less mature and posted lower grades. Women comprised less than seven percent of the University’s faculty members and their salaries trailed their male peers by substantial amounts. As one administrator put it when pressed about the disparity, “Men have better use for the extra money.” Galvanized by their shared experiences with sex discrimination, the Ann Arbor women organized a group called FOCUS on Equal Employment for Women, led by activist Jean Ledwith King. Working with Bernice Sandler of the Women’s Equity Action League, they developed a strategy to unleash the power of another powerful institution—the federal government—to demand change at U-M and, they hoped, across the world of higher education. Prompted by a complaint filed by FOCUS, the U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare soon documented egregious examples of discrimination in Michigan’s practices toward women and threatened to withhold millions of dollars in contracts unless the school adopted remedies. Among the hundreds of similar complaints filed against U.S. colleges in 1970–1971, the one brought by the Michigan women achieved the breakthrough that provided the historic template for settlements with other institutions. Drawing on oral histories from archives as well as new interviews with living participants, Conquering Heroines chronicles this pivotal period in the histories of the University of Michigan and the women’s movement. An incredible story of grassroots activism and courageous women, the book highlights the kind of relentless effort that has helped make inclusivity an ongoing goal at U-M.
Author : Marilyn F. Motz Publisher : State University of New York Press Page : 216 pages File Size : 29,96 MB Release : 1984-06-30 Category : Social Science ISBN : 1438413769
"Home and family," for a woman of the nineteenth century, represented a sphere much broader than the term implies today. A woman's duties as sister and daughter continued, basically unchanged, even after she had assumed the roles of wife and mother. This created a female-centered kin network which went far beyond the fragile nuclear family, and which insured lifelong security in what men and women viewed as an essentially hostile world. The female family is vividly portrayed in True Sisterhood, where Marilyn Ferris Motz examines the lives of white Protestant native-born American women living in Michigan between 1820 and 1920 and the kinship networks to which they belonged—networks that often extended east to New England and the Middle Atlantic states and westward as far as California. The University of Michigan's Bentley Library collections of the correspondence, diaries, photographs, and other documents of numerous family groups have provided the primary resources for this study of thirty extended families. Focusing on personal interaction within the family, Motz shows women playing an active role that is not suggested by observation of residence patterns, household composition, or legal distribution of authority. The book reveals women's use of language to maintain personal relationships, to persuade and manipulate, and to obtain support. Thus the power base of the woman, her informal networks based on personal interaction, persuasion, and sense of obligation, become visible. True Sisterhood shows that women's influence was not merely a fabrication of the literature of what has come to be termed the "cult of domesticity" but was a reality within many nineteenth-century homes.
DIVRevisits the opportunities and obstacles that have faced women students, faculty, and administrators at the University of Michigan through the decades /div
Michigan. State Commission of Inquiry into Wages and the Conditions of Labor for Women and the Advisability of Establishing a Minimum Wage
Author : Michigan. State Commission of Inquiry into Wages and the Conditions of Labor for Women and the Advisability of Establishing a Minimum Wage Publisher : Page : 496 pages File Size : 30,90 MB Release : 1915 Category : Minimum wage ISBN :
Thirty-ninth annual announcement of the Woman's History Class, 1913-1914, Allegan, Michigan, contains the subject for study, meeting dates, list of officers and membership.