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Written with both postgraduate students and researchers in academia and industry in mind, this reference covers the chemistry behind metal nanopowders, including production, characterization, oxidation and combustion. The contributions from renowned international scientists working in the field detail applications in technologies, scale-up processes and safety aspects surrounding their handling and storage.
This chapter begins by discussing the benefits and applications of metal nanopowders. This is followed by an introduction of plasma technology and a review of various types of plasma methods used in the synthesis of metal nanopowders. The chapter includes a description of the formation of metal nanopowders by a nucleation and growth mechanism from the vapour phase. Finally, it discusses the relationship between metal nanopowder characteristics (e.g. average size and size distribution) and plasma processing parameters.
Following an introduction to biogenic metal nanoparticles, this book presents how they can be biosynthesized using bacteria, fungi and yeast, as well as their potential applications in biomedicine. It is shown that the synthesis of nanoparticles using microbes is eco-friendly and results in reproducible metal nanoparticles of well-defined sizes, shapes and structures. This biotechnological approach based on the process of biomineralization exploits the effectiveness and flexibility of biological systems. Chapters include practical protocols for microbial synthesis of nanoparticles and microbial screening methods for isolating a specific nanoparticle producer as well as reviews on process optimization, industrial scale production, biomolecule-nanoparticle interactions, magnetosomes, silver nanoparticles and their numerous applications in medicine, and the application of gold nanoparticles in developing sensitive biosensors.
This book offers a comprehensive overview of recent studies conducted on the biological effects of metal nanoparticles. It also provides a solid theoretical foundation and various metal nanoparticle synthesis methods. Part I reviews the main chemical methods used for synthesizing metal nanoparticles in a solution and describes original method of biochemical synthesis, as well as some special procedures developed specifically for studying the biological activity of nanoparticles. Part II analyzes current literature on the effects of metal nanoparticles observed in microorganisms and addresses the influence of silver nanoparticles obtained by biochemical synthesis on biological objects on various organization levels, namely on microorganisms, acellular slim mold, unicellular alga, plant seeds and mammalian cells. The last section explains the central problems common in studies on the biological effects of metal nanoparticles and outlines potential uses of this trend in bio-nanotechnologies. This book is aimed at specialists, professors and students aspiring to expand their knowledge about the biological activities of metal nanoparticles and nanoparticle-containing materials.
A state-of-the-art reference, Metal Nanoparticles offers the latest research on the synthesis, characterization, and applications of nanoparticles. Following an introduction of structural, optical, electronic, and electrochemical properties of nanoparticles, the book elaborates on nanoclusters, hyper-Raleigh scattering, nanoarrays, and several applications including single electron devices, chemical sensors, biomolecule sensors, and DNA detection. The text emphasizes how size, shape, and surface chemistry affect particle performance throughout. Topics include synthesis and formation of nanoclusters, nanosphere lithography, modeling of nanoparticle optical properties, and biomolecule sensors.
Metal nanoparticles that have already found numerous applications in science and technology may be obtained in different ways. In the opening study included in Metal Nanoparticles: Properties, Synthesis and Applications, several factors affecting metal nanoparticle morphology in island films are determined. The formation of islet metal films during their deposition in the process of thermal evaporation on a dielectric substrate and their spontaneous changes at room temperature are also described. Following this, the authors present their experimental results on synthesis, modification and destruction of silver nanoparticles in the bulk and surface of silicate glasses. Special attention is paid to the effects of laser and electron-beam irradiation on the above-mentioned processes. The authors go on to review the synthesis of embedded noble metal nanoparticles and their optical properties and potential applications in surface enhanced Raman scattering. The optical properties of NMNPs due to the localized surface plasmon resonance and the enhanced local electromagnetic field which govern their SERS activity will be discussed along with their fundamental mechanisms. The effects of zinc, titanium, copper and oxide thin films with nanostructured surfaces and iron oxide and silver nanoparticles on Enterococcus hirae and Escherichia coli growth and membrane activity are also presented and discussed. The authors suggest that different types of metal nanoparticles could be applied in medicine due to their antimicrobial activity, effeciency in anti-inflammatory effects and potential in anticancer therapy. Next, the development of platinum-metal nanoparticles and their core-shell structures is discussed. The authors analyze in detail the polymeric composite of the metal nanoparticles on the surface of different carbon support materials (e.g. carbon nanotubes, graphene, carbon-nanospheres, mesoporous carbon, and carbon nanofibers), showing the synergetic effects on the active surface area of platinum metal catalysts. In one review, the past decade's data regarding the effects of nanoparticles of noble metals on higher plants are considered, as well as possible nanoparticle phytotoxicity. The review discusses the various effects that gold and silver nanoparticles can have on the state, growth, and productivity of plants. Published evidence, although incomplete and contradictory, indicates that metal nanoparticles can have both positive and negative effects on plants. Lastly, glassy carbon electrodes modified with polyphenazine conducting polymers and metallic nanoparticles were used to study the interaction between H2O2 and ascorbic acid. The antioxidant capacity of ascorbic acid measured from this interaction agreed with that reported using non-electrochemical techniques.
The past few years have witnessed the development of non-spherical metal nanoparticles with complex morphologies, which offer tremendous potential in materials science, chemistry, physics and medicine. Covering all important aspects and techniques of preparation and characterization of metal nanoparticles with controlled morphology and architecture, this book provides a sound overview - from the basics right up to recent developments. Renowned research scientists from all over the world present the existing knowledge in the field, covering theory and modeling, synthesis and properties of these nanomaterials. By emphasizing the underlying concepts and principles in detail, this book enables researchers to fully recognize the future research scope and the application potential of the complex-shaped metal nanoparticles, inspiring further research in this field.
Metal nanoparticles that have already found numerous applications in science and technology may be obtained in different ways. In the opening study included in Metal Nanoparticles: Properties, Synthesis and Applications, several factors affecting metal nanoparticle morphology in island films are determined. The formation of islet metal films during their deposition in the process of thermal evaporation on a dielectric substrate and their spontaneous changes at room temperature are also described.Following this, the authors present their experimental results on synthesis, modification and destruction of silver nanoparticles in the bulk and surface of silicate glasses. Special attention is paid to the effects of laser and electron-beam irradiation on the above-mentioned processes.The authors go on to review the synthesis of embedded noble metal nanoparticles and their optical properties and potential applications in surface enhanced Raman scattering. The optical properties of NMNPs due to the localized surface plasmon resonance and the enhanced local electromagnetic field which govern their SERS activity will be discussed along with their fundamental mechanisms.The effects of zinc, titanium, copper and oxide thin films with nanostructured surfaces and iron oxide and silver nanoparticles on Enterococcus hirae and Escherichia coli growth and membrane activity are also presented and discussed. The authors suggest that different types of metal nanoparticles could be applied in medicine due to their antimicrobial activity, effeciency in anti-inflammatory effects and potential in anticancer therapy.Next, the development of platinum-metal nanoparticles and their core-shell structures is discussed. The authors analyze in detail the polymeric composite of the metal nanoparticles on the surface of different carbon support materials (e.g. carbon nanotubes, graphene, carbon-nanospheres, mesoporous carbon, and carbon nanofibers), showing the synergetic effects on the active surface area of platinum metal catalysts.In one review, the past decade's data regarding the effects of nanoparticles of noble metals on higher plants are considered, as well as possible nanoparticle phytotoxicity. The review discusses the various effects that gold and silver nanoparticles can have on the state, growth, and productivity of plants. Published evidence, although incomplete and contradictory, indicates that metal nanoparticles can have both positive and negative effects on plants.Lastly, glassy carbon electrodes modified with polyphenazine conducting polymers and metallic nanoparticles were used to study the interaction between H2O2 and ascorbic acid. The antioxidant capacity of ascorbic acid measured from this interaction agreed with that reported using non-electrochemical techniques.
Handbook of Non-Ferrous Metal Powders: Technologies and Applications, Second Edition, provides information on the manufacture and use of powders of non-ferrous metals that has taken place for many years in the area previously known as Soviet Russia. It presents the huge amount of knowledge and experience that has built up over the last fifty years. Originally published in Russia by several prominent scientists, researchers and engineers, this presents an update to the first book that includes sections on classification, properties, treatment methods and production. This updated edition contains new content on the powders, along with newer methods of 3D printing. Covers the manufacturing methods, properties and importance of the following metals: aluminum, titanium, magnesium, copper, nickel, cobalt, zinc, cadmium, noble metals, rare earth metals, lead, tin and bismuth Includes new content on recent advances, such as additive manufacturing and 3D printing of non-ferrous metal alloys and specific powders for advanced techniques, including metal injection molding technologies Expands on topics such as safety engineering in the production of powders and advanced areas of engineering research, such as nanopowder processes
This timely publication bridges and presents the latest trends and updates in three hot topics of current and future society: nanomaterials, energy and environment. It provides the state-of-the-art as well as current challenges and advances in the sustainable preparation of metal nanoparticles and their applications. The book fills a critical gap in a multidisciplinary area of high economic, social and environmental importance. Currently, there are no books published that deal with these ever increasing important topics, as most books in this area focus on a particular topic (eg. nanomaterials or catalysis or energy or environment). This is the first multidisciplinary edited book covering the very basics to the more advanced, trendy developments, containing a unique blend of nano, green, renewable and bio.