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This volume contains a comprehensive overview of peptide-lipid interactions by leading researchers. The first part covers theoretical concepts, experimental considerations, and thermodynamics. The second part presents new results obtained through site-directed EPR, electron microscopy, NMR, isothermal calorimetry, and fluorescence quenching. The final part covers problems of biological interest, including signal transduction, membrane transport, fusion, and adhesion. Key Features * world-renowned experts * state-of-the-art experimental methods * monolayers, bilayers, biological membranes * theoretical aspects and computer simulations * rafts * synaptic transmission * membrane fusion * signal transduction
In her thesis, Sara Bobone outlines spectroscopic studies of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) which are promising lead compounds for drugs used to fight multidrug resistant bacteria. Bobone shows that AMPs interact with liposomes and she clarifies the structure of pores formed by one of these molecules. These results help us to understand how AMPs are selective for bacterial membranes and how their activity can be finely tuned by modifying their sequence. Findings which solve several conundrums debated in the literature for years. In addition, Bobone uses liposomes as nanotemplates for the photopolymerization of hydrogels - exploiting the self- assembly properties of phospholipids. Bobone was able to trap an enzyme using nanometeric particles, while still allowing its activity by the diffusion of substrates and products through the network of the polymer. The innovative nano devices described in this thesis could solve many of the hurdles still hampering the therapeutic application of protein-based drugs.
This book summarizes the importance of peptide-membrane interactions, mostly aiming at developing new therapeutic approaches. The experimental and computational methodologies used to investigate such interactions reveal the evolution of existing biophysical methodologies, shedding some light on potential applications of peptides, as well as on the improvement of their design. Understanding the determinants for peptide-membrane interactions may also improve the knowledge of membrane functions such as the membrane transport, fusion, and signaling processes, contributing to the development of new agents for highly relevant applications ranging from disease treatment to food technology.
This volume will address several related aspects of peptide interactions with membranes. It will consider model theoretical and experimental systems with relevance to fundamental questions in cell biology, including how peptides and proteins behave within biological membranes.
New textbooks at all levels of chemistry appear with great regularity. Some fields like basic biochemistry, organic reaction mechanisms, and chemical thermody namics are well represented by many excellent texts, and new or revised editions are published sufficiently often to keep up with progress in research. However, some areas of chemistry, especially many of those taught at the graduate level, suffer from a real lack of up-to-date textbooks. The most serious needs occur in fields that are rapidly changing. Textbooks in these subjects usually have to be written by scientists actually involved in the research which is advancing the field. It is not often easy to persuade such individuals to set time aside to help spread the knowledge they have accumulated. Our goal, in this series, is to pinpoint areas of chemistry where recent progress has outpaced what is covered in any available textbooks, and then seek out and persuade experts in these fields to produce relatively concise but instructive introductions to their fields. These should serve the needs of one semester or one quarter graduate courses in chemistry and biochemistry. In some cases, the availability of texts in active research areas should help stimulate the creation of new courses.
The study of interactions of extracellular membrane-active peptides with host cell membranes is of long-standing interest for both the biological understanding of mechanisms of host-pathogen interactions and their potential for new therapeutics. Exploring the discovery of new classes of membrane active peptides -- capable of lysing or disrupting viral or microbial envelopes -- are of particular importance in the treatment of ongoing infectious diseases. In this vein, [alpha]-helical (AH) peptides -- derived from the hepatitis C virus nonstructural protein NS5A -- are investigated for their potential for a remarkably broad-spectrum virocidal activity. Crucial aspects of their membrane interactions, which determine their biological function and virocidal activity, are however, poorly understood. In this dissertation, I have investigated membrane-peptide interactions using model systems: electroformed Giant Unilamellar Vesicles (GUVs) and supported lipid bilayers deposited on glass. In these model membranes, the AH peptide is shown to discriminate between membrane compositions: In cholesterol-containing membranes, peptide binding induces micro-domain formation and affects permeabilization. By contrast, membranes devoid of cholesterol undergo global softening but only at elevated peptide concentrations. Supported lipid bilayers, also devoid of cholesterol, show arrested diffusion after incorporation. Furthermore, in mixed populations, ~100-nanometer vesicles, which mimic viral dimensions, outcompete the microscopic ones for AH association suggesting curvature-dependent membrane association. These synergistic -- composition- and curvature-dependent --interactions offer insights into how membrane's compositional degrees of freedom couple with peptide binding and explain, in part, how nonstructural proteins might segregate molecules needed for viral assembly at cytoplasmic membranes and provide peptides exhibiting broad-spectrum virocidal activity.
This book has been conceives as a brief introduction to biomembranes physical chemistry for undergraduate students of sciences, and it is particularly dedicated to the lipid-protein membrane interactions. A general introduction is presented in Chapters 1 and 2. The following Chapters, 3 and 4, describe the most accepted theories on lipid-membrane protein interactions as well as the new experimental approaches, in particular, these arose from nano sciences as atomic for microscopy and single molecule force spectroscopy. The book emphasizes the relevance of physical parameters as the lateral surface pressure and the lipid curvature as actors for understanding the physicochemical properties of the biomembranes.
Free energy constitutes the most important thermodynamic quantity to understand how chemical species recognize each other, associate or react. Examples of problems in which knowledge of the underlying free energy behaviour is required, include conformational equilibria and molecular association, partitioning between immiscible liquids, receptor-drug interaction, protein-protein and protein-DNA association, and protein stability. This volume sets out to present a coherent and comprehensive account of the concepts that underlie different approaches devised for the determination of free energies. The reader will gain the necessary insight into the theoretical and computational foundations of the subject and will be presented with relevant applications from molecular-level modelling and simulations of chemical and biological systems. Both formally accurate and approximate methods are covered using both classical and quantum mechanical descriptions. A central theme of the book is that the wide variety of free energy calculation techniques available today can be understood as different implementations of a few basic principles. The book is aimed at a broad readership of graduate students and researchers having a background in chemistry, physics, engineering and physical biology.
Author : Miguel A. R. B. Castanho Publisher : Internat'l University Line Page : 675 pages File Size : 50,47 MB Release : 2010 Category : Medical ISBN : 0972077456