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A historical survey of the Iraqi media from its beginning up to the present day, focusing on the post-2003 media scene and the political and societal divisions that occurred in Iraq after US-led occupation. Investigates the nature of the media outlets and offers an analysis of the way Iraqi satellite channels covered the 2010 general elections.
How were the American people prepared for the war on Iraq? How have political agents and media gatekeepers sought to develop public support for the first preventive war of the modern age? Bring 'Em On highlights the complex links between media and politics, analyzing how communication practices are modified in times of crisis to protect political interests or implement political goals. International contributors in mass communication, political science, and sociology address how U.S. institutional media practices, government policy, and culture can influence public mobilization for war.
Author : W. Lance Bennett Publisher : University of Chicago Press Page : 279 pages File Size : 12,96 MB Release : 2008-09-15 Category : Political Science ISBN : 0226042863
A sobering look at the intimate relationship between political power and the news media, When the Press Fails argues the dependence of reporters on official sources disastrously thwarts coverage of dissenting voices from outside the Beltway. The result is both an indictment of official spin and an urgent call to action that questions why the mainstream press failed to challenge the Bush administration’s arguments for an invasion of Iraq or to illuminate administration policies underlying the Abu Ghraib controversy. Drawing on revealing interviews with Washington insiders and analysis of content from major news outlets, the authors illustrate the media’s unilateral surrender to White House spin whenever oppositional voices elsewhere in government fall silent. Contrasting these grave failures with the refreshingly critical reporting on Hurricane Katrina—a rare event that caught officials off guard, enabling journalists to enter a no-spin zone—When the Press Fails concludes by proposing new practices to reduce reporters’ dependence on power. “The hand-in-glove relationship of the U.S. media with the White House is mercilessly exposed in this determined and disheartening study that repeatedly reveals how the press has toed the official line at those moments when its independence was most needed.”—George Pendle, Financial Times “Bennett, Lawrence, and Livingston are indisputably right about the news media’s dereliction in covering the administration’s campaign to take the nation to war against Iraq.”—Don Wycliff, Chicago Tribune “[This] analysis of the weaknesses of Washington journalism deserves close attention.”—Russell Baker, New York Review of Books
The Iraq War provoked widespread public debate, and media coverage of the events has also been the subject of scrutiny. 'Media at War' offers a critical overview of the war coverage, and provides a context for examining questions that emerged about the role of journalists.
This is the first academic analysis of the role of embedded media in the 2003 Iraq War, providing a concise history of US military public affairs management since Vietnam.In late summer 2002, the Pentagon considered giving the press an inside view of the upcoming invasion of Iraq. The decision was surprising, and the innovative "embedded media prog
This book contains 45 essays from more than 60 mass media scholars around the world. It is the most comprehensive analysis available of the media's role in the 2003 Iraq war. The book is ideal for use in communication, political science and sociological courses on media and politics.
When News Lies is the untold story of media war behind Iraq; the American government's efforts to manipulate war coverage; and the media's own timidity and reluctance to do its job-report the news to the public.Veteran author, video journalist, and media critic, Danny Schechter, takes us on a sometimes frightening, sometimes humorous journey behind the scenes of the media machine that sold us Operation Iraqi Freedom.This innovative new publishing format includes the full length DVD of Danny's award winning and controversial documentary, WMD-Weapons of Mass Deception.
This study raised the question of how cultural factors influence news content. Drawing from the definitions of culture by Olsen (1978), Fiske (1989), and Hall (1996), culture was defined broadly as the beliefs, values, symbols, history, and meanings shared by a socially organized group of people. The objects of study were American and Swedish newspaper articles and television reports about the 2003 war in Iraq. By comparing and contrasting texts in the two nations, cultural influences on the news were explored. The theoretical foundation for the study was based on perspectives developed within the cultural studies tradition and the work of Stuart Hall, in particular his encoding/decoding model (1980a) and his theory of representation (1997a). Furthermore, the study was based on Geert Hofstede's (1979) model of cultural values, particularly his masculinity/femininity dimension, and various press theories addressing the practice of news making, differences in the American and Swedish journalistic traditions, and general factors that affect news content, such as news values. A combination of theme analysis, content analysis, and ideological criticism was used to explore the differences in news coverage in the two countries. The results of the theme analysis revealed that the war in Iraq was represented differently in the two countries. In American media, the war in Iraq was primarily presented and described in terms of war strategy and weaponry use, with a strong emphasis on technical and operational details. For American audiences, the war was interpreted via a perspective from inside the American troops and was explained in terms of the United States bringing freedom to the Iraqi people. Swedish media interpreted the war primarily from the perspective of the international community and civilians in Iraq. It was visualized in terms of suffering civilians, casualties, and damage to the Iraqi capital. The war was viewed as a world event, and it was explained as a failure for the United Nations and the international community, the American initiative being deemed unjust and illegal. The critical analysis of the news coverage revealed that at least one ideology was prevalent in the news of each country. In Swedish news, the war in Iraq was linked to a view of the United States as an arrogant and self-reliant superpower, that disregards the international community to pursue its own interests and is driven by a religious fanaticism. In American news, by contrast, the war was linked to the values of democracy, freedom, and security, and a view of the United States as benefactor and deliverer. The hypothesis that the news stories about the war in Iraq would be more masculine in American media than in Swedish media and more feminine in Swedish media than in American media was supported by this study. The masculine values of assertiveness, decisiveness, independence, money and things, male domination, performance orientation, admiration for what is big and fast, and sympathy for achievers were clearly noticeable in the American news stories. American media, particularly television, built their coverage around embeded reporters, presenting the war from the perspective of the troops, addition to official sources like the White House and the Pentagon. Both American and Swedish media had correspondents in the neighboring nations of Jordan and Kuwait, from where the Iraqi perspective of the war was presented. American newspapers had reporters stationed in Baghdad, but the Swedish coverage from the capitol was stronger and included live reporting on one of the television channels. Swedish television also used more footage from Iraqi and Arab television, weighing this information against American news. Swedish media had a larger percentage of stories citing or referencing unofficial sources only, American media had a larger percentage of stories using both official and unofficial sources, and both countries had roughly the same percentage of stories using official sources only. Overall, Swedish media presented one political perspective more often than American media, but Swedish television presented several contrasting perspectives more often than American television did. The opposite was true for print news. Swedish media relied more on Iraqi and international sources, and American media relied more on domestic sources. Swedish and American media covered the same war, yet the war was represented quite differently in each country, simply by emphasizing different aspects of the same war. The differences between television and newspapers were more pronounced in the United States than in Sweden.