[PDF] Mechanisms Of Endosomal Trafficking And Intralumenal Vesicle Formation In Plants eBook

Author : Kaija Jo Goodman
Publisher :
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 38,91 MB
Release : 2020
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ISBN :

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Endocytosis and endosomal trafficking control the abundance and distribution of key membrane proteins at the cell surface and in other cellular compartments. The Endosomal Sorting Complex Required for Transport (ESCRT) mediates the formation of vesicles to sequester ubiquitinated membrane proteins (cargo) into late endosomes en route to the vacuole for degradation. We previously found that the late-acting ESCRT components, ISTL1 and LIP5 are important for plant development, proper defense responses, and multivesicular endosome formation in root cells. Using genetic, confocal, and electron microscopy approaches, I found a unique role for ISTL1 and LIP5 in endosomal trafficking in tapetal cells, which surround and nourish developing pollen grains within anthers. Together, ISTL1 and LIP5 are required in the tapetum to maintain plasma membrane localization of ABCG9, a transporter important for pollen wall development. Plants lacking ISTL1 and LIP5 showed defects in exocytosis of the sec-RFP secretion marker in anthers. Pollen in the istl1 lip5 mutant developed abnormal pollen wall patterns, leading to partial pollen lethality. Finally, istl1 lip5 tapetal cells exhibited ultrastructural defects in both multivesicular endosome morphology and trans-Golgi Networks, indicating that besides endosomal sorting, late-acting ESCRTs have a role in the early endosomal pathway and/or exocytosis. The ESCRT machinery mediates negative membrane deformation (i.e. membrane bending away from the cytoplasm). Exactly how the ESCRT proteins orchestrate membrane deformation and fission is not well known. The current models for how intralumenal vesicles form assume that vesicles are formed one at a time. However, in plants intralumenal vesicles form as concatenated networks, establishing a novel mechanism to entrap cargo more efficiently. In Chapter 3, I use electron tomography to analyze vesicle network architecture from plant endosomes. I developed quantitative tools to evaluate the complexity of individual vesicle networks and applied them to compare intralumenal vesicle networks from different cell types. In addition, I developed rules and tools to recapitulate how these intralumenal vesicle networks form and infer the activity of budding sites on the endosomal surface.

Author : Jozef Šamaj
Publisher : Springer
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 17,22 MB
Release : 2014-12-03
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783642425356

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Endocytosis is a fundamental biological process, which is conserved among all eukaryotes. It is essential not only for many physiological and signalling processes but also for interactions between eukaryotic cells and pathogens or symbionts. This book covers all aspects of endocytosis in both lower and higher plants, including basic types of endocytosis, endocytic compartments, and molecules involved in endocytic internalization and recycling in diverse plant cell types. It provides a comparison with endocytosis in animals and yeast and discusses future prospects in this new and rapidly evolving plant research field. Readers will find an overview of the state-of-the-art methods and techniques applied in plant endocytosis research.

Author : T.Y. Chang
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 298 pages
File Size : 24,33 MB
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 1461551137

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INTRODUCTION AND RATIONALE FOR INTRACELLULAR CHOLESTEROL TRAFFICKING This volume is an elaboration of an earlier small meeting held in St. Louis, Missouri. In April 1997, many of the authors met for a two-day meeting devoted entirely to intracellular cholesterol trafficking. The rationale for this meeting was that investigators interested in this topic worked in a variety of fields, and rarely, if ever, all met together. Everybody knew each other's papers but mostly worked in isolation from one another. Understanding of cholesterol trafficking also appeared to have reached the point where it would start to rapidly expand beyond these few laboratories. Understanding of cholesterol trafficking was moving from a largely descriptive science into the molecular age. It seemed a good time to get together and see how much we agreed upon up to this point. More authors contributed to this volume than attended the St. Louis meeting. That meeting was generously funded by grants from Bristol-Myers Squibb, Merck and Company and Parke-Davis, however, the total funding available limited the size of the meeting. For the book, we are not so limited and have tried to be as inclusive as possible and pretty much invited everyone who is presently active in this area. We were quite fortunate to successfully recruit the authors we sought for each of these chapters. The authors and their contributions can be organized by particular interests and particular areas of expertise.

Author : Marcio Rodrigues
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 193 pages
File Size : 23,80 MB
Release : 2022-01-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 3030833917

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This book provides an in-depth overview on the manifold functions of fungal extracellular vesicles (EV) which span from cell-to-cell communication, pathogenicity and stimulation of host’s immunity to export of hundreds of biomolecules. The book summarizes the present knowledge on the impact of extracellular vesicles on fungal biology. Extracellular vesicles participate in fundamental biological processes in all living cells but only during the last 15 years the production and functions of EVs were identified and studied in fungal species too. Up to date more than 50 independent studies have shown that extracellular vesicles are produced by at least 20 fungal species. The book addresses researchers and advanced students in Microbiology, Mycology and Biotechnology.

Author : Jozef Šamaj
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 337 pages
File Size : 20,57 MB
Release : 2012-10-02
Category : Science
ISBN : 3642324622

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Endocytosis is a fundamental cellular process by means of which cells internalize extracellular and plasma membrane cargos for recycling or degradation. It is important for the establishment and maintenance of cell polarity, subcellular signaling and uptake of nutrients into specialized cells, but also for plant cell interactions with pathogenic and symbiotic microbes. Endocytosis starts by vesicle formation at the plasma membrane and progresses through early and late endosomal compartments. In these endosomes cargo is sorted and it is either recycled back to the plasma membrane, or degraded in the lytic vacuole. This book presents an overview of our current knowledge of endocytosis in plants with a main focus on the key molecules undergoing and regulating endocytosis. It also provides up to date methodological approaches as well as principles of protein, structural lipid, sugar and microbe internalization in plant cells. The individual chapters describe clathrin-mediated and fluid-phase endocytosis, as well as flotillin-mediated endocytosis and internalization of microbes. The book was written for a broad spectrum of readers including students, teachers and researchers.

Author : Angus S. Murphy
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 494 pages
File Size : 18,17 MB
Release : 2010-11-11
Category : Science
ISBN : 3642134319

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In plant cells, the plasma membrane is a highly elaborated structure that functions as the point of exchange with adjoining cells, cell walls and the external environment. Transactions at the plasma membrane include uptake of water and essential mineral nutrients, gas exchange, movement of metabolites, transport and perception of signaling molecules, and initial responses to external biota. Selective transporters control the rates and direction of small molecule movement across the membrane barrier and manipulate the turgor that maintains plant form and drives plant cell expansion. The plasma membrane provides an environment in which molecular and macromolecular interactions are enhanced by the clustering of proteins in oligimeric complexes for more efficient retention of biosynthetic intermediates, and by the anchoring of protein complexes to promote regulatory interactions. The coupling of signal perception at the membrane surface with intracellular second messengers also involves transduction across the plasma membrane. Finally, the generation and ordering of the external cell walls involves processes mediated at the plant cell surface by the plasma membrane. This volume is divided into three sections. The first section describes the basic mechanisms that regulate all plasma membrane functions. The second describes plasma membrane transport activity. The final section of the book describes signaling interactions at the plasma membrane. These topics are given a unique treatment in this volume, as the discussions are restricted to the plasma membrane itself as much as possible. A more complete knowledge of the plasma membrane’s structure and function is essential to current efforts to increase the sustainability of agricultural production of food, fiber, and fuel crops.

Author : Marisa S. Otegui
Publisher : Humana
Page : 200 pages
File Size : 10,5 MB
Release : 2021-07-21
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781071607695

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This second edition details techniques for the study of cargo trafficking through endosomes. New and updated chapters guide readers through methods and protocols on the structural aspects of plant endosomes, combined biochemical, omics, imaging approaches to study the dynamics and contents of endosomal compartments. Additional chapters are dedicated to the analysis of lipids on endosomes and the identification and analysis of lipid binding proteins and lipid-binding domains relevant for the study of plant endosomes. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Plant Endosomes: Methods and Protocols, Second Edition aims to ensure successful results in the further study of this vital field.

Author : Robert Vink
Publisher : University of Adelaide Press
Page : 354 pages
File Size : 47,75 MB
Release : 2011
Category : Medical
ISBN : 0987073052

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The brain is the most complex organ in our body. Indeed, it is perhaps the most complex structure we have ever encountered in nature. Both structurally and functionally, there are many peculiarities that differentiate the brain from all other organs. The brain is our connection to the world around us and by governing nervous system and higher function, any disturbance induces severe neurological and psychiatric disorders that can have a devastating effect on quality of life. Our understanding of the physiology and biochemistry of the brain has improved dramatically in the last two decades. In particular, the critical role of cations, including magnesium, has become evident, even if incompletely understood at a mechanistic level. The exact role and regulation of magnesium, in particular, remains elusive, largely because intracellular levels are so difficult to routinely quantify. Nonetheless, the importance of magnesium to normal central nervous system activity is self-evident given the complicated homeostatic mechanisms that maintain the concentration of this cation within strict limits essential for normal physiology and metabolism. There is also considerable accumulating evidence to suggest alterations to some brain functions in both normal and pathological conditions may be linked to alterations in local magnesium concentration. This book, containing chapters written by some of the foremost experts in the field of magnesium research, brings together the latest in experimental and clinical magnesium research as it relates to the central nervous system. It offers a complete and updated view of magnesiums involvement in central nervous system function and in so doing, brings together two main pillars of contemporary neuroscience research, namely providing an explanation for the molecular mechanisms involved in brain function, and emphasizing the connections between the molecular changes and behavior. It is the untiring efforts of those magnesium researchers who have dedicated their lives to unraveling the mysteries of magnesiums role in biological systems that has inspired the collation of this volume of work.

Author : M. Ajmal Khan
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 404 pages
File Size : 49,97 MB
Release : 2006-05-16
Category : Science
ISBN : 1402040180

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The halophytes are highly specialized plants, which have greater tolerance to salt. They can germinate, grow and reproduce successfully in saline areas which would cause the death of regular plants. Most halophytic species are found in salt marsh systems along seashores or around landlocked inland lakes and flat plains with high evaporation. The halophytes play very significant role in the saline areas specially in the coast by overcoming the salinity in different ways, viz. with regulating mechanisms in which excess salts are excreted and with out regulating mechanism, which may include succulents or cumulative types. Besides that they protect coast from erosion and cyclones, provide feeding ground and nursery for fish, shrimps and birds. Halophytes get increasing attention today because of the steady increase of the salinity in irrigation systems in the arid and semi-arid regions where the increasing population reaches the limits of freshwater availability. In many countries, halophytes have been successfully grown on saline wasteland to provide animal fodder and have the potential for rehabilitation and even reclamation of these sites. The value of certain salt-tolerant grass species has been recognized by their incorporation in pasture improvement programs in many salt affected regions throughout the world. There have been recent advances in selecting species with high biomass and protein levels in combination with their ability to survive a wide range of environmental conditions, including salinity.

Author : Yaoliang Tang
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 287 pages
File Size : 37,52 MB
Release : 2015-09-02
Category : Science
ISBN : 0128004975

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Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes are at the forefront of research in two of the most high profile and funded scientific areas – cardiovascular research and stem cells. Mesenchymal Stem Cell Derived Exosomes provides insight into the biofunction and molecular mechanisms, practical tools for research, and a look toward the clinical applications of this exciting phenomenon which is emerging as an effective diagnostic. Primarily focused on the cardiovascular applications where there have been the greatest advancements toward the clinic, this is the first compendium for clinical and biomedical researchers who are interested in integrating MSC-derived exosomes as a diagnostic and therapeutic tool. Introduces the MSC-exosome mediated cell-cell communication Covers the major functional benefits in current MSC-derived exosome studies Discusses strategies for the use of MSC-derived exosomes in cardiovascular therapies