[PDF] Mapping The Core Regulatory Circuitry Of Embryonic Stem Cells eBook

Author : Sarah E. Johnstone
Publisher :
Page : 275 pages
File Size : 49,6 MB
Release : 2008
Category :
ISBN :

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Embryonic stem (ES) cells are of tremendous biological interest because they have the capacity, termed pluripotency, to generate any cell type of the adult organism. Our lab is interested in understanding the genetic circuitry that governs pluripotency. For my thesis work I have contributed to a team effort to deduce the transcriptional regulatory circuitry of ES cells. This collaborative effort first sought to define the genes that are regulated by the key pluripotency regulators, Oct4, Sox2 and Nanog. We then determined the genes targeted by the Polycomb Repressive Complex in ES cells. These datasets allowed us to define the core transcriptional regulatory circuitry for these cells and demonstrated that pluripotency is mediated through the repression of developmental regulators. Finally, an effort to understand how Wnt signaling modifies this circuitry led to the discovery that the Wnt signaling component Tcf3 is a core component of the transcriptional regulatory circuitry and serves to repress the pluripotency regulators, contributing to the balance between pluripotency and differentiation.

Author : Eran Meshorer
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 246 pages
File Size : 11,9 MB
Release : 2011-01-11
Category : Science
ISBN : 1441970371

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Stem cells have been gaining a lot of attention in recent years. Their unique potential to self-renew and differentiate has turned them into an attractive model for the study of basic biological questions such as cell division, replication, transcription, cell fate decisions, and more. With embryonic stem (ES) cells that can generate each cell type in the mammalian body and adult stem cells that are able to give rise to the cells within a given lineage, basic questions at different developmental stages can be addressed. Importantly, both adult and embryonic stem cells provide an excellent tool for cell therapy, making stem cell research ever more pertinent to regenerative medicine. As the title The Cell Biology of Stem Cells suggests, our book deals with multiple aspects of stem cell biology, ranging from their basic molecular characteristics to the in vivo stem cell trafficking of adult stem cells and the adult stem-cell niche, and ends with a visit to regeneration and cell fate reprogramming. In the first chapter, “Early embryonic cell fate decisions in the mouse”, Amy Ralson and Yojiro Yamanaka describe the mechanisms that support early developmental decisions in the mouse pre-implantation embryo and the current understanding of the source of the most immature stem cell types, which includes ES cells, trophoblast stem (TS) cells and extraembryonic endoderm stem (XEN) cells.

Author : Megan F. Cole
Publisher :
Page : 256 pages
File Size : 28,28 MB
Release : 2008
Category :
ISBN :

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The process by which a single fertilized egg develops into a human being with over 200 cell types, each with a distinct gene expression pattern controlling its cellular state, is poorly understood. An understanding of the transcriptional regulatory networks that establish and maintain gene expression programs in mammalian cells is fundamental to understand development and should provide the foundation for improved diagnosis and treatment of disease. Although it is not yet feasible to map the entirety of these networks in vertebrate cells, recent work in embryonic stem (ES) cells has demonstrated that core features of the network can be discovered by focusing on key transcriptional regulators and their target genes. Here, I describe important insights that have emerged from such studies and highlight how similar approaches can be used to discover the core networks of other vertebrate cell types. Knowledge of the regulatory networks controlling gene expression programs and cell states can guide efforts to reprogram cell states and holds great promise for both disease therapeutics and regenerative medicine.

Author : Etsuko Miyamoto-Sato
Publisher : Humana
Page : 220 pages
File Size : 39,32 MB
Release : 2014-06-14
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781493908042

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Transcription Factor Regulatory Methods details various techniques ranging from cutting-edge to general techniques use to study transcription factor regulatory networks. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols and key tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, Transcription Factor Regulatory Methods aids scientists in the further study into post-genomic or the personal genomic era.

Author : Arlene Chiu
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 488 pages
File Size : 23,50 MB
Release : 2003-08
Category : Science
ISBN :

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A discussion of all the key issues in the use of human pluripotent stem cells for treating degenerative diseases or for replacing tissues lost from trauma. On the practical side, the topics range from the problems of deriving human embryonic stem cells and driving their differentiation along specific lineages, regulating their development into mature cells, and bringing stem cell therapy to clinical trials. Regulatory issues are addressed in discussions of the ethical debate surrounding the derivation of human embryonic stem cells and the current policies governing their use in the United States and abroad, including the rules and conditions regulating federal funding and questions of intellectual property.

Author : Jamie Jennifer Newman
Publisher :
Page : 224 pages
File Size : 31,38 MB
Release : 2010
Category :
ISBN :

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Cell state is established and maintained through the combined action of transcription factors, chromatin regulators and signaling pathways, which all contribute to a transcriptional regulatory circuitry. Embryonic stem (ES) cells are capable of self-renewal and can give rise to nearly all differentiated cell-types, making them an ideal system in which to address the challenges of understanding gene expression and cell state. Valuable insights into the control of cell state have been revealed by recent studies of the ES cell transcriptional regulatory circuitry. Here I present work contributing to the understanding of transcriptional regulatory mechanisms that control ES cell state, specifically signaling pathways and proteins that affect chromatin structure.

Author : Peter Brian Medawar
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
Page : 328 pages
File Size : 34,48 MB
Release : 1991
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN :

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Sir Peter Medawar, as his many admirers know, was not only a great scientist but a great writer. The creative energy that earned him the 1960 Noble Prize for Medecine for his pathbreaking work in immunology also fueled his many and varied writings. Books such as Pluto's Republic, The Limits of Science, and The Hope of Progress (to name but a few) made the ever-changing world of modern science accessible to non-specialists, and have since become small classics of their kind. As Lewis Thomas writes in his foreword to this posthumous collection, "some of the wisest remarks of the twentieth century" come from the pen of Peter Medawar. The Threat and the Glory explores the twin nature of modern science; its ability to inspire both hope and fear in its professional and lay observers. Medawar, of course, says it best when he writes of science's ability to make the seemingly impossible a reality, "scientists may exult in the glory, but in the middle of the twentieth century the reaction of ordinary people is more often to cower at the threat." This theme runs throughout this collection of writings which cover a characteristically wide range of topics: genetic engineering, evolution, philosophy, creativity, scientific fraud, the medical community, and attitudes toward death. Ranging in tone from these serious reflections on the nature of science to more lighthearted pieces such as "Son of Stroke"--a guide for long-term hospital patients based on his own experience as the victim of a cerebral hemorrhage--The Threat and the Glory entertains as much as it educates. Selected by his close friend David Pyke, these essays--some previously unpublished, many appearing in book form for the first time--show Medawar to have been not only a tireless truth-seeker, but also a merciless debunker of myths. Reading Medawar, we come to understand and accept the indispensable role of science in our world. Witty, incisive, and above all compassionate, The Threat and the Glory will delight those who are familiar with Medawar's writing, and will be a special treat for those who are not.

Author : Eric H. Davidson
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 303 pages
File Size : 46,91 MB
Release : 2010-07-19
Category : Science
ISBN : 0080455573

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Gene regulatory networks are the most complex, extensive control systems found in nature. The interaction between biology and evolution has been the subject of great interest in recent years. The author, Eric Davidson, has been instrumental in elucidating this relationship. He is a world renowned scientist and a major contributor to the field of developmental biology. The Regulatory Genome beautifully explains the control of animal development in terms of structure/function relations of inherited regulatory DNA sequence, and the emergent properties of the gene regulatory networks composed of these sequences. New insights into the mechanisms of body plan evolution are derived from considerations of the consequences of change in developmental gene regulatory networks. Examples of crucial evidence underscore each major concept. The clear writing style explains regulatory causality without requiring a sophisticated background in descriptive developmental biology. This unique text supersedes anything currently available in the market. The only book in the market that is solely devoted to the genomic regulatory code for animal development Written at a conceptual level, including many novel synthetic concepts that ultimately simplify understanding Presents a comprehensive treatment of molecular control elements that determine the function of genes Provides a comparative treatment of development, based on principles rather than description of developmental processes Considers the evolutionary processes in terms of the structural properties of gene regulatory networks Includes 42 full-color descriptive figures and diagrams