[PDF] Manipulating Light At Nanoscale eBook

Author : Hongxing Xu
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 240 pages
File Size : 35,12 MB
Release : 2017-11-09
Category : Science
ISBN : 1351767585

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The manipulation of light at the nanometer scale is highly pursued for both fundamental sciences and wide applications. The diffraction limit of light sets the limit for the smallest size of photonic devices to the scale of light wavelength. Fortunately, the peculiar properties of surface plasmons in metal nanostructures make it possible to squeeze light into nanoscale volumes and enable the manipulation of light and light–matter interactions beyond the diffraction limit. Studies on surface plasmons have led to the creation of a booming research field called plasmonics. Because of its various scientific and practical applications, plasmonics attracts researchers from different fields, making it a truly interdisciplinary subject. Nanophotonics: Manipulating Light with Plasmons starts with the general physics of surface plasmons and a brief introduction to the most prominent research topics, followed by a discussion of computational techniques for light scattering by small particles. Then, a few special topics are highlighted, including surfaceenhanced Raman scattering, optical nanoantennas, optical forces, plasmonic waveguides and circuits, and gain-assisted plasmon resonances and propagation. The book discusses the fundamental and representative properties of both localized surface plasmons and propagating surface plasmons. It explains various phenomena and mechanisms using elegant model systems with well-defined structures, is illustrated throughout with excellent figures, and contains an extensive list of references at the end of each chapter. It will help graduate-level students and researchers in nanophotonics, physics, chemistry, materials science, nanoscience and nanotechnology, and electrical and electronic engineering get a quick introduction to this field.

Author : Yang Zhao
Publisher :
Page : 354 pages
File Size : 41,93 MB
Release : 2013
Category :
ISBN :

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Metals interact very differently with light than with radio waves and finite conductivities and losses often limit the way that RF concepts can be directly transferred to higher frequencies. Plasmonic materials are investigated here for various optical applications, since they can interact, confine and focus light at the nanoscale; however, regular plasmonic devices are severely limited by frequency dispersion and absorption, and confined signals cannot travel along plasmonic lines over few wavelengths. For these reasons, novel concepts and materials should be introduced to successfully manipulate and radiate light in the same flexible way we operate at lower frequencies. In line with these efforts, optical metamaterials exploit the resonant wave interaction of collections of plasmonic nanoparticles to produce anomalous light effects, beyond what naturally available in optical materials and in their basic constituents. Still, these concepts are currently limited by a variety of factors, such as: (a) technological challenges in realizing 3-D bulk composites with specific nano-structured patterns; (b) inherent sensitivity to disorder and losses in their realization; (c) not straightforward modeling of their interaction with nearby optical sources. In this study, we develop a novel paradigm to use single-element nanoantennas, and composite nanoantenna arrays forming two-dimensional metasurfaces and three-dimensional metamaterials, to control and manipulate light and its polarization at the nanoscale, which can possibly bypass the abovementioned limitations in terms of design procedure and experimental realization. The final design of some of the metamaterial concepts proposed in this work was inspired by biological species, whose complex structure can exhibit superior functionalities to detect, control and manipulate the polarization state of light for their orientation, signaling and defense. Inspired by these concepts, we theoretically investigate and design metasurfaces and metamaterial models with the help of fully vectorial numerical simulation tools, and we are able to outline the limitations and ultimate conditions under which the average optical surface impedance concept may accurately describe the complex wave interaction with planar plasmonic metasurfaces. We also experimentally explore various technological approaches compatible with these goals, such as the realization of lithographic single-element nanoantenna and nanoantenna arrays with complex circuit loads, periodic arrays of plasmonic nanoparticles or nanoapertures, and stacks of rotated plasmonic metasurfaces. At the conclusion of this effort, we have theoretically analyzed, designed and experimentally realized and characterized the feasibility of using discrete metasurfaces to realize phenomena and performance that are not available in natural materials, oftentimes inspired by the biological world.

Author : Bo Zeng
Publisher :
Page : 76 pages
File Size : 24,85 MB
Release : 2015
Category :
ISBN :

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Manipulation light in the nano scale, by controlling its phase or magnitude, is key to efficient and compact designs in modern photonic technology. Its application ranges from tele-communication, biological imaging to probing electronic phenomena and quantum computation. High Quality factor (Q) resonators for both dielectric and metallic devices with two dimensional form factors, and high on-off ratio wave modulators where light transmission can be tuned in situ are exemplary ideas and of great interest and importance in those applications. Among the light waves, terahertz radiation, known as the last frontier connecting microwave and optical regime in the electromagnetic spectrum, has been an increasingly active field of research. Recent development of THz sources and detection has led to an increasing demand of active devices for its wave manipulation. In the thesis, we focus our effort on developing novel nano photonic structures that act as better light modulator and resonators. We first develop theories regarding principles and techniques to achieve tunable high Q resonances in dielectric photonic structures using a new "diatomic" design. The essence of the "diatomic" design is that it can dramatically improve Q of the resonating modes by minimizing the radiative far-field coupling. We then extend the concept of "diatomic" in dielectric gratings to "diatomic" metallic cavities that results in high Q plasmonic metamaterial resonators compared to conventional designs. Lastly, we demonstrate, in simulation and experiment, a hybrid metamaterial design showing much larger modulation power by combining metallic nano-slits with graphene, a promising THz-active 2D material. Our investigation into THz metamaterial designs combines device fabrication, numerical simulation, semi-analytical modelling and ultra-fast time domain THz measurements. Our theoretical and experimental results could provide insight to the physical understanding and future development of THz metamaterial devices, as well as being of value to the THz community that seeks application with high performance modulator/resonators in general.

Author : Jesper Glückstad
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 484 pages
File Size : 14,80 MB
Release : 2017-05-19
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 0081022484

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Light Robotics – Structure-Mediated Nanobiophotonics covers the latest means of sculpting of both light and matter for achieving bioprobing and manipulation at the smallest scales. The synergy between photonics, nanotechnology and biotechnology spans the rapidly growing field of nanobiophotonics. Nanoscale resolutions enable optical scientists to assess ever more accurate information. However, scientific hypothesis testing demands tools, not only for observing nanoscopic phenomena, but also for reaching into and manipulating nanoscale constituents. Taking an application based focus, this book explores how nanophotonics can productively be used in both the biomedical and life sciences, allowing readers to clearly see how structure-mediated nanobiophotonics can be used to increase our engineering toolbox for biology at the smallest scales. This book will be of great use to researchers and scientists working in the fields of optics and photonics. It will also be of great value to those working in the field of biotechnology, showcasing how nanotechnology can help provide new, effective ways to solve biomedical problems. Presents cutting-edge research on the principles, mechanisms, optical techniques, fabrication, modeling, devices and applications of nanobiophotonics Brings together the diverse field of structure-mediated nanobiophotonics into one coherent volume Showcases how nanophotonics can be used to create new, more effective micro- and nano-biodevices

Author : David L. Andrews
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 373 pages
File Size : 13,72 MB
Release : 2011-08-29
Category : Science
ISBN : 0080559662

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New possibilities have recently emerged for producing optical beams with complex and intricate structures, and for the non-contact optical manipulation of matter. Structured Light and Its Applications fully describes the electromagnetic theory, optical properties, methods and applications associated with this new technology. Detailed discussions are given of unique beam characteristics, such as optical vortices and other wavefront structures, the associated phase properties and photonic aspects, along with applications ranging from cold atom manipulation to optically driven micromachines. Features include: Comprehensive and authoritative treatments of the latest research in this area of nanophotonics, written by the leading researchers Accounts of numerous microfluidics, nanofabrication, quantum informatics and optical manipulation applications Coverage that fully spans the subject area, from fundamental theory and simulations to experimental methods and results Graduate students and established researchers in academia, national laboratories and industry will find this book an invaluable guide to the latest technologies in this rapidly developing field. Comprehensive and definitive source of the latest research in nanotechnology written by the leading people in the field From theory to applications - all is presented in detail Editor is Chair of the SPIE Nanotechnology Technical Group and is leading the way in generation and manipulation of complex beams

Author : Lukas Novotny
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 583 pages
File Size : 20,94 MB
Release : 2012-09-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 1107005469

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Fully revised and in its second edition, this standard reference on nano-optics is ideal for graduate students and researchers alike.

Author : John Weiner
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
Page : 277 pages
File Size : 49,51 MB
Release : 2013
Category : Medical
ISBN : 0198567669

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This book draws together the essential elements of classical electrodynamics, surface wave physics, plasmonic materials, and circuit theory of electrical engineering to provide insight into the essential physics of nanoscale light-matter interaction and to provide design methodology for practical nanoscale plasmonic devices. A chapter on classical and quantal radiation also highlights the similarities (and differences) between the classical fields of Maxwell's equations and the wave functions of Schrödinger's equation. The aim of this chapter is to provide a semiclassical picture of atomic absorption and emission of radiation, lending credence and physical plausibility to the "rules" of standard wave-mechanical calculations. The structure of the book is designed around five principal chapters, but many of the chapters have extensive "complements" that either treat important digressions from the main body or penetrate deeper into some fundamental issue. Furthermore, at the end of the book are several appendices to provide readers with a convenient reference for frequently-occurring special functions and explanations of the analytical tools, such as vector calculus and phasors, needed to express important results in electromagnetics and waveguide theory.

Author : Lieven B. P. Verslegers
Publisher :
Page : pages
File Size : 18,42 MB
Release : 2011
Category :
ISBN :

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Plasmonics has emerged as a technology that enables the creation of a wide range of miniaturized photonic devices. Nanostructured metals provide numerous new opportunities for manipulating light at a deep-subwavelength scale. This dissertation covers our work on exploiting nanostructured metals to create new and improved optical functionality. We provided the first experimental demonstration of far-field lensing using an aperiodic plasmonic slit array. This approach offers large design freedom, since these structures derive their behavior from local geometry. We illustrated this flexibility through simulations of efficient and compact planar nanoslit lenses that compensate for various angles of incidence. We further demonstrated the ability to perform phase front design in two dimensions by varying the local geometry in metallic nanoscale pillar arrays. We also considered aperiodic arrays of coupled metallic waveguides and numerically demonstrated that, for an incident plane wave, a focus of as small as one-hundredth of a wavelength can be achieved for a focal distance that is much longer than the wavelength. Moreover, the focusing behavior can be controlled by changing either the incident wavelength or the angle of incidence. We showed that this behavior can be understood using Hamiltonian optics ray tracing. Lastly, we developed the coupled-mode theory for resonant apertures. Such apertures are of fundamental interest, and form the basic building blocks for many applications in subwavelength optics and optoelectronics. We showed that the maximum transmission and absorption cross sections for subwavelength resonant apertures are only related to the wavelength of the incident light and the directivity of the aperture's radiation pattern and explained the spectral behavior of structures that support multiple resonances.