[PDF] Legislative Quota Women Empowerment And Development Evidence From Tanzania eBook

Author : Jan Stübner
Publisher : GRIN Verlag
Page : 43 pages
File Size : 40,46 MB
Release : 2016-07-26
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 3656984344

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Master's Thesis from the year 2015 in the subject Economics - Other, grade: 10/10, , language: English, abstract: This paper analyzes whether the legislative women’s quota implemented in Tanzania has helped to reduce the existing gender gap in that country. We focus on a set of development indicators indicated by the literature and an analysis of female political activity. We exploit the variation in the number of female representatives across the 131 districts of Tanzania, employing a Difference and Differences approach including fixed effects and controlling for a number of socioeconomic variables. Our analysis indicates that the legislative women’s quota in Tanzania has led to significant reductions in the gender gap and improvements for women. The quota has effectively increased political participation in accordance with its goals, and the level of female representation continues to rise. We find evidence that the quota has reduced the gender gap in education for certain age groups, and we find indications of small improvements to female empowerment. In accordance with previous findings in other countries, we find that the increased female representation has led to substantial investments in water infrastructure that has greatly increased the number of people with access to clean water. While we do not find significant health impacts, this may be due to limitations in our dataset.

Author : Edda Tandi Lwoga
Publisher :
Page : 5 pages
File Size : 30,82 MB
Release : 2018
Category :
ISBN :

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Despite policy statements (such as the MDG [Millennium Development Goals], Sustainable Development Goals (SDG), and World Summit on the Information Society's (WSIS) and legal frameworks focusing gender equality in developing countries, the gender divide is still prevalent. Although there is a growing recognition of the role of mobile phones for human development, clear evidence of how mobile internet can be empower women to achieve their development objectives, particularly in rural areas is inadequate. There is a paucity of clear empirical evidence on the nexus between mobile internet, gender empowerment and development in Tanzania; the few available studies have not yielded sufficient evidence to comprehensively explain the phenomena. Few studies have been conducted in Tanzania on role of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in the rural areas (Chilimo, Ngulube, & Stilwell, 2011; Hassan & Semkwijim, 2011; Lwoga, 2010; Madon et al., 2014; Mpogole, Usangaz, & Tedre, 2008; Myhr, 2011; Sife, 2010). However, these studies have mainly focused on the role of telecenter and mobile phones in poverty reduction and livelihood (Chilimo & Ngulube, 2011; Hassan & Semkwijim, 2011; Lwoga, 2010; Mpogole, Usangaz, Tedre, et al., 2008; Myhr, 2011; Sife, 2010), or role of mobile phones in Human-wildlife conflict (HWC) (Lewis, Baird, & Sorice, 2016) or agriculture (Krone, Schumacher, & Dannenberg, 2014), or intervention-based studies of mobile phones in health (Madon et al., 2014). It was therefore important to assess the role of mobile internet for women empowerment and development in Tanzania.

Author : Jeni Klugman
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 239 pages
File Size : 47,44 MB
Release : 2014-09-29
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 1464803609

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Despite recent advances in important aspects of the lives of girls and women, pervasive challenges remain. These challenges reflect widespread deprivations and constraints and include epidemic levels of gender-based violence and discriminatory laws and norms that prevent women from owning property, being educated, and making meaningful decisions about their own lives--such as whether and when to marry or have children. These often violate their most basic rights and are magnified and multiplied by poverty and lack of education. This groundbreaking book distills vast data and hundreds of studies to shed new light on deprivations and constraints facing the voice and agency of women and girls worldwide, and on the associated costs for individuals, families, communities, and global development. The volume presents major new findings about the patterns of constraints and overlapping deprivations and focuses on several areas key to women s empowerment: freedom from violence, sexual and reproductive health and rights, ownership of land and housing, and voice and collective action. It highlights promising reforms and interventions from around the world and lays out an urgent agenda for governments, civil society, development agencies, and other stakeholders, including a call for greater investment in data and knowledge to benchmark progress.

Author : World Bank
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 381 pages
File Size : 50,31 MB
Release : 2021-04-05
Category : Law
ISBN : 1464816530

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Women, Business and the Law 2021 is the seventh in a series of annual studies measuring the laws and regulations that affect women’s economic opportunity in 190 economies. The project presents eight indicators structured around women’s interactions with the law as they move through their lives and careers: Mobility, Workplace, Pay, Marriage, Parenthood, Entrepreneurship, Assets, and Pension. This year’s report updates all indicators as of October 1, 2020 and builds evidence of the links between legal gender equality and women’s economic inclusion. By examining the economic decisions women make throughout their working lives, as well as the pace of reform over the past 50 years, Women, Business and the Law 2021 makes an important contribution to research and policy discussions about the state of women’s economic empowerment. Prepared during a global pandemic that threatens progress toward gender equality, this edition also includes important findings on government responses to COVID-19 and pilot research related to childcare and women’s access to justice.

Author : Susan Franceschet
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 272 pages
File Size : 36,56 MB
Release : 2012-03-02
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 0190236779

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The introduction of electoral gender quotas in diverse contexts around the globe has attracted a great deal of scholarly and political interest. To date, research on these measures has focused primarily on quota design, adoption, and effects on the numbers of women elected. While this remains a crucial focus, quotas are not simply about changing the proportion of women in political office. Both supporters and opponents of quotas suggest, albeit from different perspectives, that positive action for women as candidates will influence the kinds of women elected, the policy-making process as it concerns women's issues, the way citizens view women in public life, and the relationship between female voters and the political process. Seeking to initiate a "second generation" of research on quotas, this volume is an effort to inspire a new literature focused on theorizing and studying the broader impact of quotas on politics and society. The book is structured in relation to three facets of political representation: the attributes of officeholders (descriptive representation); the promotion of group interests during the legislative process (substantive representation); and the broader cultural meanings and social consequences of political incorporation (symbolic representation). Within each section, the chapters include case studies from four regions of the world: Western Europe, Latin America, Sub-Saharan Africa, and Asia and the Middle East. This approach recognizes that quotas are a global phenomenon and that research on quotas and representation benefits from a comparative, cross-national approach. The Impact of Gender Quotas is a theory-building and comparative exercise in elaborating concepts commonly used to analyze the broad impacts of gender quotas. The book begins with the argument that the means by which women enter politics may influence how, why and to what extent their presence affects political representation. Following a preface by Drude Dahlerup, one of the pioneers of gender quota research, the editors introduce the book with a conceptual framework for analyzing the impact of quotas, based upon descriptive, substantive and symbolic dimensions of representation. The book is subsequently organized into three sections, each devoted to analyzing one of the dimensions of representation, and each of these sections contains a chapter case study from one of four regions of the world (Western Europe, Latin America, Sub-Saharan Africa, and Asia). Each of the chapters follows a basic format instituted by the editors, with the goal of facilitating cross-case comparisons and broad theory-building. The editors conclude the book by summarizing the main themes and implications for future research on gender quotas.

Author : Julie Ballington
Publisher : International IDEA
Page : 140 pages
File Size : 41,79 MB
Release : 2004
Category : History
ISBN :

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This report examines women's political representation on the African continent, and shows how quotas have contributed to increasing their access to political power. The documented evidence from Africa is very encouraging: more than 20 countries on the continent either have legislated quotas or have political parties that have adopted them voluntarily. This report details the different quota types that are being implemented in different political contexts in 17 countries, including the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Egypt, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Rwanda, Senegal, South Africa, Tanzania, and Uganda.

Author : Kate Grantham
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 211 pages
File Size : 41,15 MB
Release : 2021-03-04
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 1000340341

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This book investigates the barriers to women’s economic empowerment in the Global South. Drawing on evidence from a wide range of countries, the book outlines important lessons and practical solutions for promoting gender equality. Despite global progress in closing gender gaps in education and health, women’s economic empowerment has lagged behind, with little evidence that economic growth promotes gender equality. International Development Research Centre’s (IDRC) Growth and Economic Opportunities for Women (GrOW) programme was set up to provide policy lessons, insights, and concrete solutions that could lead to advances in gender equality, particularly on the role of institutions and macroeconomic growth, barriers to labour market access for women, and the impact of women’s care responsibilities. This book showcases rigorous and multi-disciplinary research emerging from this ground-breaking programme, covering topics such as the school-to-work transition, child marriage, unpaid domestic work and childcare, labour market segregation, and the power of social and cultural norms that prevent women from fully participating in better paid sectors of the economy. With a range of rich case studies from Burkina Faso, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, Ghana, India, Kenya, Nepal, Rwanda, Sri Lanka, Tanzania, and Uganda, this book is perfect for students, researchers, practitioners, and policymakers working on women’s economic empowerment and gender equality in the Global South.

Author : World Bank Group
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 215 pages
File Size : 22,48 MB
Release : 2020-04-24
Category : Law
ISBN : 146481533X

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The World Bank Group’s Women, Business and the Law examines laws and regulations affecting women’s prospects as entrepreneurs and employees across 190 economies. Its goal is to inform policy discussions on how to remove legal restrictions on women and promote research on how to improve women’s economic inclusion.

Author : World Bank Group
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 271 pages
File Size : 40,69 MB
Release : 2015-09-18
Category : Law
ISBN : 1464806780

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In a changing world, how can we be sure that women as well as men entrepreneurs and workers obtain the benefit from these changes? Ensuring that women have the same legal opportunities as men is one part of the picture. By measuring where the law treats men and women differently, Women, Business and the Law shines a light on how women's incentives or capacity to work are affected by the legal environment and provides a basis for improving regulation. The fourth edition in a series, Women, Business and the Law 2016: Getting to Equal examines laws and regulations affecting women's prospects as entrepreneurs and employees in 173 economies, across seven areas: accessing institutions, using property, getting a job, providing incentives to work, building credit, going to court, and protecting women from violence. The report's quantitative indicators are intended to inform research and policy discussions on how to improve women's economic opportunities and outcomes.