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Two topics are brought together in this study: landscape planning objectives and the development of the arid regions of the Middle East. It reviews the literature, presents a conceptual analysis, examines case studies, suggests a comprehensive system for determining public objectives, and reports empirical research. This work should provide landscape planners and political decision-makers with some practical tools and theoretical concepts that will be helpful to the development process.
The Middle East is well-known for its historic gardens that have developed over more than two millenniums. The role of urban landscape projects in Middle Eastern cities has grown in prominence, with a gradual shift in emphasis from gardens for the private sphere to an increasingly public function. The contemporary landscape projects, either designed as public plazas or public parks, have played a significant role in transferring the modern Middle Eastern cities to a new era and also in transforming to a newly shaped social culture in which the public has a voice. This book considers what ties these projects to their historical context, and what regional and local elements and concepts have been used in their design.
This essential reference guide to strategies and solutions for urban planning in hot arid environments reflects the journey toward many cities, towns and villages in Iran, which are documented and presented in the form of case studies and comparative analysis. It is the outcome of extensive research on the influence of historical, cultural and climatic factors on urban spatial forms and rural complexes in Iran’s Hot Arid Zone. The environment of the Hot Arid Zone offers valuable insights into how to overcome historical difficulties, how to endure harsh climatic conditions, how to be innovative and creative in responding to problems in new ways, and how to utilize natural energy sources. Considerable attention is given to the recognition of values, current problems and the renewal of traditional fabrics, urban blocks and traditional buildings. Important aspects in both academic education and in the urban design profession include traditional urban structures and traditional approaches to using natural energy as a creative process that is continuously changing and renews itself over time – a dynamic characteristic from which we can glean many lessons for the future. This book is based on a book previously published by the author in Persian. This version is an extensively revised version.
The authors of this book offer an holistic methodological approach to the design and planning of landscape, based on both research and practical experience.
Volume 18 in the CGL-Studies series, entitled "Environmental Policy and Landscape Architecture", is the result of an international symposium held in Jerusalem in March 2011 which was organised by the Van Leer Jerusalem Institute in collaboration with the Centre of Garden Art and Landscape Architecture. The symposium focused on how the many different facets of landscape architecture could help towards solving environmental problems. Sustainable Development and Landscaping, Environmental Policy and the Contribution of Landscape Architecture at a Local Level, Designing Public Open Spaces and Social Sustainability, Spatial Planning and Landscape Architecture in Israel/Palestine, and Water and Soil: Crisis and Conservation are the key chapters in this volume. The authors address a wide range of issues including the significance of religions in ideas about environmentalism in historical and current debates, how Palestinian society can meet challenges posed by the dynamic development of urban structures through capacity building in landscape architecture, and economically meaningful strategies for soil conservation in arable fields as part of agricultural sustainability in semi-arid areas. A key objective of the symposium was also to determine opportunities for cooperation in the field of environment and landscaping for Israelis, Palestinians, Muslims, Jews and Christians in a region marked by huge tension and conflicts. The authors are scholars of various disciplines such as landscape architecture, urban planning, technology assessment, philosophy of science, environmental communication and ecology, and come from Israel, Palestine, USA, Norway and Germany.
Water scarcity is becoming increasingly familiar to us. Although access to water resources is an issue of global concern, arid climates are where necessity begets inventions that may serve as examples for action or prevention across a multitude of climate zones and geographies. In facing the prevalence of water scarcity across the globe, due to a mix of climatological and man-made factors, the question we must ask ourselves today is Water for What? Which approaches can landscape, urban and architectural designers take in order to apply their specific professional skills and means? What potential do available technologies and materials offer, and what methods and tools can be derived from social engagement? Based on five years of research, the preparation of and feedback on a traveling exhibition, as well as a major conference, the results of the Out of Water project are laid out here in a series of case studies and essays by international experts, including analytical drawings of both projected and implemented solutions.
Landscape Design with Plants, Second Edition focuses on landscape architecture. The book first discusses trees in the countryside. Adaptation to locality, self-town vegetation, designs for both short-term and long-term effect, ecological planting, and plant associations are described. The text looks at planting for forestry. The need for afforestation; forest habitat; scale of the forest mosaic; and woodlands as visual elements in the landscape are considered. The book puts emphasis on trees in urban areas, shrubs and groundcover, and herbaceous plants and bulbs. The text also focuses on water plants. The use of water plants in garden design, aquatic communities, and historical background are discussed. The book underscores the use and management of plant species native to Britain in landscaping; urban landscape and roof gardens; and how to transplant semi-mature trees. The text also describes reclamation and planting of industrial and urban wastelands; landscaping of reservoir margins; and the relationship of plants and air pollution. The book also puts emphasis on the use of vegetation in slope stabilization; planting in tropical lowland areas; planting in hot, arid climates; and the functional use of Australian plants. The selection is a must for readers interested in landscaping.