[PDF] Laboratory Studies Of Surfaces Representative Of Mineral Dust In The Troposphere eBook

Author : Vicki H. Grassian
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 723 pages
File Size : 35,76 MB
Release : 2005-05-26
Category : Science
ISBN : 1420027670

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The study of environmental interfaces and environmental catalysis is central to finding more effective solutions to air pollution and in understanding of how pollution impacts the natural environment. Encompassing concepts, techniques, and methods, Environmental Catalysis provides a mix of theory, computation, analysis, and synthesis to support the

Author : Gayan Randika S. Rubasinghege
Publisher :
Page : 312 pages
File Size : 13,53 MB
Release : 2011
Category : Atmospheric aerosols
ISBN :

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Mineral dust aerosols emitted from the Earth crust during various natural and anthropogenic processes continuously alter the chemical balance of the atmosphere via heterogeneous processes and thus, impact on the global climate. Understanding of heterogeneous chemistry and photochemistry on mineral dust has become vital to accurately predict the effect of mineral dust loading on the Earth's atmosphere. Here, laboratory measurements are coupled with model studies to understand heterogeneous chemistry and photochemistry in the atmosphere with the specific focus on reactions on mineral oxide surfaces.

Author : Yuan Fang
Publisher :
Page : 251 pages
File Size : 33,21 MB
Release : 2018
Category :
ISBN :

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Atmospheric aerosols significantly affect the chemical balance of the atmosphere, the Earth's climate, biogeochemical cycles and human health. Although these effects have been extensively investigated in previous studies, there is still substantial uncertainty associated with the heterogeneous chemical processes involved. In industrialized nations, people spend most of their time indoors. Given the fact that there is a myriad of available indoor surfaces having large surface to volume ratios (S/V), investigation of the heterogeneous reactions between gas and surfaces of indoor relevance is crucial. However, the detailed chemistry of molecular processes involving indoor surfaces remain poorly understood. In this dissertation study, laboratory studies have been carried out using transmission Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to help better understand the heterogeneous reactions between atmospheric acidic gases and mineral dust surfaces. Adsorption and desorption processes of nitric acid, formic acid, acetic acid and pyruvic acid, respectively, on silica (SiO2) were found to be reversible, physisorbed processes via hydrogen bonding. However, adsorption of pyruvic acid on alumina (Al2O3) and titanium dioxide (TiO2), respectively, formed adsorbed pyruvate, zymonic acid and other pyruvic acid oligomers. Additionally, the role of adsorbed water was studied systematically. Water can compete for surface adsorption sites as well as assist the dissociation of adsorbed strong acid. Photochemical reactions of adsorbed aqueous- and gas-phase pyruvic acid, respectively, on oxide surfaces formed different compounds, suggesting the complex nature of surface-adsorbed systems needs to be addressed. An additional focus of this dissertation was to investigate the indoor surface chemistry between gases and model surfaces of indoor relevance. We developed a method to study the adsorption/desorption kinetics of gases of indoor relevance on model surfaces of indoor relevance by combining experimental measurements, kinetics modeling, as well as molecular dynamic (MD) simulations. The detailed chemistry between limonene with indoor model surfaces was studied. The interaction mode between a hydrophilic surface with hydrophobic compounds (i.e., limonene) was studied using a combination of transmission FTIR spectroscopy and molecular dynamic simulations. Overall, the research described in this dissertation study provides valuable insights into heterogeneous reactions between atmospheric gases and mineral dust as well as indoor surface chemistry.

Author : Constantin Andronache
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 302 pages
File Size : 37,81 MB
Release : 2017-09-28
Category : Science
ISBN : 012810550X

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Mixed-Phase Clouds: Observations and Modeling presents advanced research topics on mixed-phase clouds. As the societal impacts of extreme weather and its forecasting grow, there is a continuous need to refine atmospheric observations, techniques and numerical models. Understanding the role of clouds in the atmosphere is increasingly vital for current applications, such as prediction and prevention of aircraft icing, weather modification, and the assessment of the effects of cloud phase partition in climate models. This book provides the essential information needed to address these problems with a focus on current observations, simulations and applications. Provides in-depth knowledge and simulation of mixed-phase clouds over many regions of Earth, explaining their role in weather and climate Features current research examples and case studies, including those on advanced research methods from authors with experience in both academia and the industry Discusses the latest advances in this subject area, providing the reader with access to best practices for remote sensing and numerical modeling

Author : H.R. Pruppacher
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 975 pages
File Size : 20,23 MB
Release : 2010-06-25
Category : Science
ISBN : 0306481006

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Cloud physics has achieved such a voluminous literature over the past few decades that a significant quantitative study of the entire field would prove unwieldy. This book concentrates on one major aspect: cloud microphysics, which involves the processes that lead to the formation of individual cloud and precipitation particles. Common practice has shown that one may distinguish among the following addi tional major aspects: cloud dynamics, which is concerned with the physics respon sible for the macroscopic features of clouds; cloud electricity, which deals with the electrical structure of clouds and the electrification processes of cloud and precipi tation particles; and cloud optics and radar meteorology, which describe the effects of electromagnetic waves interacting with clouds and precipitation. Another field intimately related to cloud physics is atmospheric chemistry, which involves the chemical composition ofthe atmosphere and the life cycle and characteristics of its gaseous and particulate constituents. In view of the natural interdependence of the various aspects of cloud physics, the subject of microphysics cannot be discussed very meaningfully out of context. Therefore, we have found it necessary to touch briefly upon a few simple and basic concepts of cloud dynamics and thermodynamics, and to provide an account of the major characteristics of atmospheric aerosol particles. We have also included a separate chapter on some of the effects of electric fields and charges on the precipitation-forming processes.

Author : Margaret Leinen
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 904 pages
File Size : 45,64 MB
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9400909950

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The NATO Advanced Research Workshop on "Paleoclimatology and Paleometeorology: Modem and Past Patterns of Global Atmospheric Transport" (held at Oracle, Arizona, USA from November 17-19, 1987) brought together atmospheric chemists, physicists, and meteorologists who study the origin and transport of modem-day mineral and biological aerosols with geologists and paleobotanists who study the sedimentary record of eolian and hydrologic processes along with modelers who study and conceptualize the processes influencing atmospheric transport at present and in the past. Presentations at the workshop provided a guide to our present knowledge of the entire spectrum of processes and phenomena important to the generation, transport, and deposition of eolian terrigenous material that ultimately becomes part of the geologic record and the modeling techniques that used to represent these processes. The presenta tions on the geologic record of eolian deposition documented our present understanding of the na~e and causes of climate change on time scales of the last glacial ages (tens of thousands of years) to time scales over which the arrangement of continents, mountains, and oceans has changed sub stantially (tens of millions of years). There has been a growing recognition of the importance of global climatic changes to the future well-being of humanity. In particular, the climatic response to human alterations to the earth's surface and chemical composition has led to concern over the agricultural, ecological, and societal impacts of such potential global changes.

Author : David Antoine
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 226 pages
File Size : 22,14 MB
Release : 2020-03-04
Category :
ISBN : 2889635007

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Earth’s atmosphere and oceans play individual and interconnected roles in regulating climate and the hydrological system, supporting organisms and ecosystems, and contributing to the well-being of human communities and economies. Recognizing the importance of these two geophysical fluids, NASA designed the Plankton, Aerosol, Cloud and ocean Ecosystems (PACE) mission to bring cutting edge technology to space borne measurements of the atmosphere and ocean. PACE will carry the Ocean Color Instrument (OCI), a radiometer with hyperspectral capability from the ultraviolet through the near-infrared, plus eight discreet shortwave infrared bands. Thus, OCI will measure the broadest solar spectrum of any NASA instrument, to date. PACE’s second instrument will be a Multi-Angle Polarimeter (MAP). MAP will be NASA’s first imaging polarimeter on board a comprehensive Earth science mission. These instruments bring new capability to the science community, but also new challenges. Fundamentals, such as basic radiative transfer models, require review, enhancements and benchmarking in order to meet the needs of the atmosphereocean communities in the PACE era. Both OCI and MAP will bring opportunities to continue heritage climate data records of aerosols and clouds and to advance characterization of these atmospheric constituents with new macrophysical and microphysical parameters. The ability to better characterize atmospheric constituents is a necessity to better separate ocean and atmosphere signals in order to fully realize the potential of PACE measurements for oceanic observations. Atmospheric correction in the PACE era must address the expanded wavelength range and resolution of OCI images, requiring new approaches that go beyond heritage algorithms. This Research Topic encompasses fundamental radiative transfer studies, with application to the atmosphere, ocean or coupled atmosphere-ocean system. It includes remote sensing of aerosols, clouds and trace gases, over ocean or over land, but with particular focus on algorithms that take advantage of OCI’s new capabilities or multi-angle polarimetry. The Research Topic embraces studies of atmospheric correction over ocean including addressing issues of aerosols, cloud masking, foam, bubbles, ice etc., as well as ocean bio-optics and biogeochemical studies taking advantage of the PACE and polarization spectral capabilities.