[PDF] Labor Markets And Agricultural Production eBook

Author : Jan Douwe van der Ploeg
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 287 pages
File Size : 32,42 MB
Release : 2019-04-05
Category : Science
ISBN : 0429714041

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Focusing on the complex and often contradictory relationships between agricultural production and markets, Labor, Markets, and Agricultural Production examines the micro-macro linkages between farm production, farm labor issues, and the degree of autonomy or dependency vis-Ã -vis markets. By comparing the case of farmers in Peru, generally regarded as peripheral agricultural producers, with that of European farmers able to easily access the centralized markets of the EEC, Dr. van der Ploeg is able to draw general conclusions about the ongoing process of commoditization of agriculture and the roles farmers play in agrarian development.

Author : Deininger, Klaus
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 32 pages
File Size : 22,85 MB
Release : 2016-06-24
Category : Political Science
ISBN :

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To understand whether and how inverse relationship between farm size and productivity changes when labor market performance improves, we use large national farm panel from India covering a quarter-century (1982, 1999, 2008) to show that the inverserelationship weakened significantly over time, despite an increase in the dispersion of farm sizes. A key reason was the substitution of capital for labor in response to nonagricultural labor demand. In addition, family labor wasmore efficient than hired labor in the 1982–1999 period, but not during the 1999–2008period.In line with labor market imperfections as a key factor, separability of labor supply and demand decisions cannot be rejected in the second period,except in villages with very low nonagricultural labor demand.

Author : Günther Fink
Publisher :
Page : 51 pages
File Size : 32,12 MB
Release : 2018
Category : Agricultural laborers
ISBN :

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Many rural households in low and middle income countries continue to rely on small-scale agriculture as their primary source of income. In the absence of irrigation, income arrives only once or twice per year, and has to cover consumption and input needs until the subsequent harvest. We develop a model to show that seasonal liquidity constraints not only undermine households' ability to smooth consumption over the cropping cycle, but also affect labor markets if liquidity-constrained farmers sell family labor off-farm to meet short-run cash needs. To identify the impact of seasonal constraints on labor allocation and agricultural production, we conducted a two-year randomized controlled trial with small-scale farmers in rural Zambia. Our results indicate that lowering the cost of accessing liquidity at the time of the year when farmers are most constrained (the lean season) reduces aggregate labor supply, drives up wages and leads to a reallocation of labor from less to more liquidity-constrained farms. This reallocation reduces consumption and income inequality among treated farmers and increases average agricultural output.

Author : Howard Barnum
Publisher :
Page : 18 pages
File Size : 42,72 MB
Release : 1978
Category : Agriculture
ISBN :

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An estimated production function for the Muda river valley in Malaysia is used to examine three issues: (1) whether or not labor marginal product is zero, (2) whether or not farm households allocate resources efficiently and (3) whether or not agricultural labor markets are characterized by dualism. In areas where an active labor market exists the first two of these issues may be closely related to the third if family and hired labor can be considered separate factors of production. This study shows that if the labor aggregate is defined as the sum of family and hired labor the resulting production function estimate will be subject to specification bias which will render empirical tests of the issues mentioned invalid. Using separate variables for family and hired labor it is shown that the marginal product of family labor is positive and significantly different from zero and that farms are approximately allocatively efficient. The study does find, however, some substantiation for a mild degree of dualism in the labor market.

Author : Alan Richards
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 286 pages
File Size : 31,66 MB
Release : 2019-03-13
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 0429696434

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After a long period of stability, Egypt’s agricultural sector experienced sudden change due to the 1973 oil price increases and Anwar Sadat’s Open Door economic policies. Workers left rural Egypt for the cities and high-wage jobs in the oil-exporting countries. The resulting “labor shortage†and rising real wages in agriculture coincided with a

Author : Günther Fink
Publisher :
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 17,76 MB
Release : 2018
Category :
ISBN :

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Many rural households in low and middle income countries continue to rely on small-scale agriculture as their primary source of income. In the absence of irrigation, income arrives only once or twice per year, and has to cover consumption and input needs until the subsequent harvest. We develop a model to show that seasonal liquidity constraints not only undermine households' ability to smooth consumption over the cropping cycle, but also affect labor markets if liquidity-constrained farmers sell family labor off-farm to meet short-run cash needs. To identify the impact of seasonal constraints on labor allocation and agricultural production, we conducted a two-year randomized controlled trial with small-scale farmers in rural Zambia. Our results indicate that lowering the cost of accessing liquidity at the time of the year when farmers are most constrained (the lean season) reduces aggregate labor supply, drives up wages and leads to a reallocation of labor from less to more liquidity-constrained farms. This reallocation reduces consumption and income inequality among treated farmers and increases average agricultural output.