[PDF] Kinetic Theory Of Irreversible Processes In A System Of Radiation And Matter eBook

Author : Kefei Mao
Publisher :
Page : 370 pages
File Size : 31,35 MB
Release : 1993
Category :
ISBN :

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"Thermodynamics of irreversible processes in a radiation field is formulated, based on kinetic theory, by treating nonequilibrium radiation as a nonequilibrium photon gas interacting with matter. The generalized hydrodynamic equations for macroscopic variables necessary for describing temporal and spatial evolution of irreversible processes in the system of matter and radiation are derived from kinetic equations by using the modified moment method. The method rigorously yields the conclusion that entropy differential is not an exact differential when the system is away from equilibrium. Therefore, an extended Gibbs relation for the entropy density does not hold valid. However, an extended Gibbs relation-like equation holds for the compensation differential which has been shown to be an exact differential. The entropy balance equation is cast into an equivalent form in terms of a new function called the Boltzmann function. In the context of the present formalism the light-induced viscous flow is theoretically explained for the entire range of pressure. The modified moment method has been extended to the covariant Boltzmann equation in order to formulate a theory of relativistic irreversible thermodynamics. Furthermore, the kinetic theory foundations for relativistic irreversible thermodynamics for the system of radiation and matter are provided. The statistical mechanical formulas are obtained for various material and radiative transport coefficients. The radiative transport coefficients stand in simple ratios independent of material parameters. The ratios calculated are in agreement with those used in the phenomenological theory using the Rosseland mean." --

Author : Kefei Mao
Publisher : National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada
Page : 370 pages
File Size : 12,92 MB
Release : 1993
Category :
ISBN :

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"Thermodynamics of irreversible processes in a radiation field is formulated, based on kinetic theory, by treating nonequilibrium radiation as a nonequilibrium photon gas interacting with matter. The generalized hydrodynamic equations for macroscopic variables necessary for describing temporal and spatial evolution of irreversible processes in the system of matter and radiation are derived from kinetic equations by using the modified moment method. The method rigorously yields the conclusion that entropy differential is not an exact differential when the system is away from equilibrium. Therefore, an extended Gibbs relation for the entropy density does not hold valid. However, an extended Gibbs relation-like equation holds for the compensation differential which has been shown to be an exact differential. The entropy balance equation is cast into an equivalent form in terms of a new function called the Boltzmann function. In the context of the present formalism the light-induced viscous flow is theoretically explained for the entire range of pressure. The modified moment method has been extended to the covariant Boltzmann equation in order to formulate a theory of relativistic irreversible thermodynamics. Furthermore, the kinetic theory foundations for relativistic irreversible thermodynamics for the system of radiation and matter are provided. The statistical mechanical formulas are obtained for various material and radiative transport coefficients. The radiative transport coefficients stand in simple ratios independent of material parameters. The ratios calculated are in agreement with those used in the phenomenological theory using the Rosseland mean." --

Author : S. G. Brush
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 262 pages
File Size : 20,28 MB
Release : 2016-10-27
Category : Science
ISBN : 1483155935

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Kinetic Theory, Volume 2: Irreversible Processes compiles the fundamental papers on the kinetic theory of gases. This book comprises the two papers by Maxwell and Boltzmann in which the basic equations for transport processes in gases are formulated, as well as the first derivation of Boltzmann's “H-theorem and problem of irreversibility. Other topics include the dynamical theory of gases; kinetic theory of the dissipation of energy; three-body problem and the equations of dynamics; theorem of dynamics and the mechanical theory of heat; and mechanical explanation of irreversible processes. This volume is beneficial to physics students in the advanced undergraduate or postgraduate level.

Author : Byung Chan Eu
Publisher : Springer
Page : 208 pages
File Size : 14,57 MB
Release : 2016-07-13
Category : Science
ISBN : 3319411535

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This book presents the fundamentals of irreversible thermodynamics for nonlinear transport processes in gases and liquids, as well as for generalized hydrodynamics extending the classical hydrodynamics of Navier, Stokes, Fourier, and Fick. Together with its companion volume on nonrelativistic contexts, it provides a comprehensive picture of the relativistic covariant kinetic theory of gases and relativistic hydrodynamics of gases.Relativistic theories of macroscopic irreversible processes must strictly conform to the thermodynamic laws at every step and in all approximations that enter their derivation from the mechanical principles. Upholding this as the inviolable tenet, the author develops theories of irreversible transport processes in fluids (gases or liquids). They apply regardless of whether the processes are near to or far removed from equilibrium, or whether they are linear or nonlinear with respect to macroscopic fluxes or thermodynamic forces. The irreversible covariant Boltzmann as well as the covariant form of the Boltzmann-Nordheim-Uehling-Uhlenbeck equation is used for deriving theories of irreversible transport equations and generalized hydrodynamic equations for either classical gases or quantum gases. They all conform rigorously to the tenet. All macroscopic observables described by the so-formulated theories therefore are likewise expected to strictly obey the tenet.

Author : Russell Vaughan
Publisher : CreateSpace
Page : 344 pages
File Size : 14,52 MB
Release : 2015-08-19
Category :
ISBN : 9781516935796

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In addition to confusion with regard to exactly what entropy is, current scientific explanations of the associated irreversibility and the ineluctable increases in entropy are complicated, unsatisfactory, and completely incorrect. This problem is so impenetrable in fact that in over two centuries of notable attempts by the greatest scientific minds there has still been no explanation that is credible. The ubiquitous increases in entropy seem, however, to only affect the happenings at the macroscopic level of our everyday existence for which no process is completely reversible. Processes that are irreversible like those we witness every day with the naked eye are ipso facto those for which entropy is increased. But there has seemed to be no origin of this dire trend at the submicroscopic level where the answers to virtually all of the difficult problems of physics have been resolved. In resolving irreversibility at the submicroscopic level it has been necessary to augment Boltzmann's kinetic theory beyond two types of interaction and to more fully elaborate necessary constraints on the emission and absorption of radiation in Einstein's quantum theory of radiation. It is in the interactions between these domains where irreversibility enters. It has been incumbent upon us to close major loops left open by the scope of their analyses. Boltzmann could not have foreseen the impact of mediated interactions involving quantized photons, nor certainly relativistic effects. A comprehensive model has had to be developed to incorporate complimentary mechanical and radiational aspects of a thermodynamic system. The mediated interactions between molecules that do not involve direct collisions always reduce the relative velocity of the interacting molecules, which is very entropic behavior. In this way, individual submicroscopic processes 'use up' otherwise useful energy and increase entropy even at the submicroscopic level. Yet another form of interaction involving both radiational and particulate dynamics is the scattering of radiation by arrays of charges within a thermodynamic system. 'Forward' scattering in particular has traditionally been considered to involve conservative forces that do not alter the energetics of either the ensemble of particles or the radiation field. We show that this too is an over simplification whose correction has profound consequences of irreversible behavior, producing what have been considered 'cosmological' effects. The major loops that must be closed in this regard involve the origin of the ubiquitous hydrogenous intergalactic plasma with 24% helium by weight and the supposed disappearance of mass (and information) in black holes. There is increasing evidence that black holes do indeed errupt spewing forth hydrogenous plasma to again produce the 24% helium in generating the gamma radiation that after prolonged redshifting caused by irreversible scattering becomes the microwave background radiation. The blackbody temperature of a redshifting medium does not reflect the kinetic temperature of the particulate matter by which that radiation is scattered.

Author : Anatoly I. Burshtein
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 349 pages
File Size : 15,39 MB
Release : 2008-07-11
Category : Science
ISBN : 3527618120

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Imparts the similarities and differences between ratified and condensed matter, classical and quantum systems as well as real and ideal gases. Presents the quasi-thermodynamic theory of gas-liquid interface and its application for density profile calculation within the van der Waals theory of surface tension. Uses inductive logic to lead readers from observation and facts to personal interpretation and from specific conclusions to general ones.

Author : Byung Chan Eu
Publisher : Wiley-Interscience
Page : 760 pages
File Size : 21,56 MB
Release : 1992-10-22
Category : Science
ISBN :

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For almost 20 years the author has conducted research on both macroscopic and molecular theories. The results of his investigation, which can be found in this work, are that irreversible thermodynamics and kinetic theory of matter are not separable especially for nonlinear irreversible processes occurring in systems removed far from equilibrium and thus must be examined together in a mutually consistent manner. Includes coverage of such topics as mass and momentum conservation law, bilinear and quadratic forms for entropy production, viscous phenomena, boundary conditions for velocities and much more.

Author : Samuel J. Ling
Publisher :
Page : 818 pages
File Size : 41,30 MB
Release : 2017-12-19
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789888407613

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University Physics is designed for the two- or three-semester calculus-based physics course. The text has been developed to meet the scope and sequence of most university physics courses and provides a foundation for a career in mathematics, science, or engineering. The book provides an important opportunity for students to learn the core concepts of physics and understand how those concepts apply to their lives and to the world around them. Due to the comprehensive nature of the material, we are offering the book in three volumes for flexibility and efficiency. Coverage and Scope Our University Physics textbook adheres to the scope and sequence of most two- and three-semester physics courses nationwide. We have worked to make physics interesting and accessible to students while maintaining the mathematical rigor inherent in the subject. With this objective in mind, the content of this textbook has been developed and arranged to provide a logical progression from fundamental to more advanced concepts, building upon what students have already learned and emphasizing connections between topics and between theory and applications. The goal of each section is to enable students not just to recognize concepts, but to work with them in ways that will be useful in later courses and future careers. The organization and pedagogical features were developed and vetted with feedback from science educators dedicated to the project. VOLUME II Unit 1: Thermodynamics Chapter 1: Temperature and Heat Chapter 2: The Kinetic Theory of Gases Chapter 3: The First Law of Thermodynamics Chapter 4: The Second Law of Thermodynamics Unit 2: Electricity and Magnetism Chapter 5: Electric Charges and Fields Chapter 6: Gauss's Law Chapter 7: Electric Potential Chapter 8: Capacitance Chapter 9: Current and Resistance Chapter 10: Direct-Current Circuits Chapter 11: Magnetic Forces and Fields Chapter 12: Sources of Magnetic Fields Chapter 13: Electromagnetic Induction Chapter 14: Inductance Chapter 15: Alternating-Current Circuits Chapter 16: Electromagnetic Waves