[PDF] Keys To Pythium eBook

Author : Mahendra Rai
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 328 pages
File Size : 47,16 MB
Release : 2020-01-28
Category : Science
ISBN : 1000733378

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Pythium is one of the most important phytopathogens causing significant damage to agriculture, forest, and nurseries, etc. It is an unseen enemy of the root zone of various plants and hence considered as "hidden terror" for a number of plants. An accurate diagnosis and identification of Pythium causing various infections in plants is very important because it is often confused with several other fungi. Pythium infections are difficult to control once they have set in. Therefore, its effective and ecofriendly management is of paramount importance. In addition, there are many reports on Pythium causing infections in human beings and animals. The present book on Pythium focuses on various aspects which mainly include pathogenesis, technological developments in detection and diagnosis, and its management. Key Features Includes identification of Pythium spp. by traditional and molecular methods Deals with different diseases caused by Pythium spp Describes the role of Pythium in mammalian diseases Incorporates various management strategies Discusses emerging role of nanotechnological tools for the management of Pythium diseases

Author : Travis Russell
Publisher :
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 26,1 MB
Release : 2022
Category :
ISBN :

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Turfgrass diseases incited by Pythium spp. are diverse in their pathogenicity, preferred host range, etiology, epidemiology, and environmental parameters that encourage their development. Beginning in the mid-2000's, several instances were reported in the northeast United States of unique disease outbreaks being caused by unidentified Pythium spp. on annual bluegrass (ABG; Poa annua L.). The symptoms of the disease were not associated with other previously characterized Pythium turfgrass diseases such as Pythium foliar blight, Pythium root rot, and Pythium root dysfunction. This disease often affected ABG in mixed species putting greens containing creeping bentgrass (CBG; Agrostis stolonifera L.), and CBG appeared to not be a host of the disease. Symptoms on ABG appeared as 0.1 to 0.6 m diameter patches and individual leaves appear blighted and chlorotic with the border of the patch having a yellow/orange halo. The disease emerged during periods of warm and humid weather and further patch expansion was limited during outbreaks. Foundational understanding on the biology, etiology, and control of this disease referred to as Pythium patch remain unknown and warrant further investigation. Therefore, the objectives of this research were to 1) identify the causal agent of Pythium patch disease on ABG; 2) characterize the pathogenicity of Pythium arrhenomanes and Pythium aristosporum on ABG and CBG; and 3) investigate fungicidal control options for Pythium patch disease. Sixteen Pythium isolates obtained from symptomatic ABG were characterized morphologically and DNA sequencing was used to identify these isolates to the species level. Cardinal temperatures for growth of all isolates ranged between 25 and 35°C. Isolates produced inflated lobulate sporangia, diclinous antheridia averaging 5.3 antheridia per oogonium, and oogonia that were terminal, smooth-walled, and averaged 27.1 [mu]m. These morphological iv characters compared to taxonomic keys are in alignment with descriptions of Pythium aristosporum and/or Pythium arrhenomanes. Sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer region, the cytochrome oxidase subunits 1 and 2, and the ß-tubulin gene loci revealed phylogenies placing the isolates within the P. aristosporum-P. arrhenomanes cryptic species complex. Pathogenicity assays in controlled environment and field-inoculated settings were conducted with the isolates to confirm pathogenicity and evaluate pathogen aggressiveness. Controlled environment assays demonstrated the pathogenic nature of P. aristosporum-P. arrhenomanes on immature ABG. Field-inoculation experiments on an ABG putting green reproduced symptoms similar to natural outbreaks of the disease. Isolations from natural outbreaks and field-inoculation experiments recovered the causal pathogen most frequently from turfgrass crowns and leaves, and rarely from roots. Pythium aristosporum-P. arrhenomanes isolates were evaluated in vitro for fungicide sensitivity and a field experiment was conducted on Pythium aristosporum-P. arrhenomanes-inoculated ABG to evaluate disease control with fungicides. Most isolates were sensitive in vitro to cyazofamid, etridiazole, fosetyl-Al, mefenoxam, and potassium phosphite, but not to propamocarb and pyraclostrobin. Field experiments did not reveal differences between fungicide treatments and the nontreated control, and further research is needed to confirm fungicide efficacy for Pythium patch control in a field setting. This research improves our understanding of the biology, etiology, and chemical control of Pythium patch disease of ABG and confirms P. aristosporum-P. arrhenomanes as the causal agents. Further research should provide additional insights into this emerging disease so turfgrass managers can successfully prevent and control Pythium patch on ABG putting greens.

Author : Frank M. Dugan
Publisher :
Page : 196 pages
File Size : 20,92 MB
Release : 2006
Category : Science
ISBN :

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This manual covers all groups of fungi and fungus-like organisms and includes over 500 diagrams and line drawings. Descriptions of major groups (phylogenetic and artificial), simplified keys to family, and an illustrated glossary enable placement of common fungi into the appropriate taxonomic category. Text and glossary are coordinated to introduce fundamentals of mycological terminology. Over 30 pages of references are provided for literature on identification of cultures and specimens, and references are also given for contemporary phylogenetic research on each major taxonomic group. Publisher.

Author : Sarah Kidd
Publisher :
Page : pages
File Size : 30,53 MB
Release : 2016-04-20
Category :
ISBN : 9780646951294

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Descriptions of Medical Fungi. Third Edition. Sarah Kidd, Catriona Halliday, Helen Alexiou and David Ellis. 2016. This updated third edition which includes new and revised descriptions. We have endeavoured to reconcile current morphological descriptions with more recent genetic data. More than 165 fungus species are described, including members of the Zygomycota, Hyphomycetes, Dimorphic Pathogens, Yeasts and Dermatophytes. 340 colour photographs. Antifungal Susceptibility Profiles. Microscopy Stains & Techniques. Specialised Culture Media. References. 250 pages.

Author : M.W. Dick
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 668 pages
File Size : 41,73 MB
Release : 2013-06-29
Category : Science
ISBN : 9401597332

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Straminipilous Fungi presents a critical comparative review of the morphology and ultrastructure, morphogenesis, cytology, molecular biology and evolution of the biflagellate fungi. These organisms encompass the fungi formerly called oomycetes; taxonomically related heterotrophs studied by mycologists; plasmodiophorids and other heterotrophs. Appropriate comparisons are made with chromophyte algae, marine heterotrophs and chytridiaceous fungi. Little-known taxa which have been referred to the various orders of flagellate fungi are also listed together with citations. A new hierarchical classification is presented which is supported by systematic accounts and synoptic keys. Dichotomous keys based on habitat and habit are given to all known species of lagenidiaceous fungi, labyrinthulids and plasmodiophorids. A unique `one stop' reference resource for plant pathologists is provided by the binominal lists, including host-related lists for the downy mildews. The book, including ca 4000 references, is a major text for post-graduate and research workers, particularly freshwater and marine biologists, soil ecologists and plant pathologists.

Author : George N. Agrios
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 947 pages
File Size : 50,52 MB
Release : 2005-01-25
Category : Science
ISBN : 0080473784

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This fifth edition of the classic textbook in plant pathology outlines how to recognize, treat, and prevent plant diseases. It provides extensive coverage of abiotic, fungal, viral, bacterial, nematode and other plant diseases and their associated epidemiology. It also covers the genetics of resistance and modern management on plant disease. Plant Pathology, Fifth Edition, is the most comprehensive resource and textbook that professionals, faculty and students can consult for well-organized, essential information. This thoroughly revised edition is 45% larger, covering new discoveries and developments in plant pathology and enhanced by hundreds of new color photographs and illustrations. The latest information on molecular techniques and biological control in plant diseases Comprehensive in coverage Numerous excellent diagrams and photographs A large variety of disease examples for instructors to choose for their course

Author : Geoffrey Clough Ainsworth
Publisher : CABI
Page : 783 pages
File Size : 26,27 MB
Release : 2008
Category : Nature
ISBN : 0851998267

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This 10th edition, of the acclaimed reference work, has more than 21,000 entries, and provides the most complete listing available of generic names of fungi, their families and orders, their attributes and descriptive terms. For each genus, the authority, the date of publication, status, systematic position, number of accepted species, distribution, and key references are given. Diagnoses of families and details of orders and higher categories are included for all groups of fungi. In addition, there are biographic notes, information on well-known metabolites and mycotoxins, and concise accounts of almost all pure and applied aspects of the subject (including citations of important literature). Co-published by: Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO)

Author : David J. McLaughlin
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 374 pages
File Size : 32,48 MB
Release : 2013-03-09
Category : Science
ISBN : 3662103761

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This is an exciting time to produce an overview of the systematics and evolution of the fungi. Molecular and subcellular characters have given us our first view of the true phylogeny of the fungi. The systematic chapters present detailed illustrated treatments of specific fungal groups with the authors' interpretation of the systematics of that group as well as a survey of specific economic, ecological, morphological, ultrastructural, molecular and cultural data. Other chapters, in addition to treating techniques useful in modern mycology, provide the reader with views of the place of the fungi among the Eukaryotes and relationships within the Mycota. Volume VII, Part A, includes an overview of the fungal hierarchy, Pseudomycota, Chytridiomycota, Zygomycota, Ascomycota and their yeasts, and anamorphic states. Volume VII, Part B, includes the Basidiomycota and their yeasts, and chapters on speciation, molecular evolution, preservation, computer techniques, and nomenclature.