[PDF] Job Creation And Poverty Reduction In India eBook

Author : Sadiq Ahmed
Publisher : Sage Publications Pvt. Limited
Page : 356 pages
File Size : 27,52 MB
Release : 2018-06-25
Category :
ISBN : 9789353881108

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Rapid growth since 1980 has transformed India from the world′s 50th ranked economy in nominal US dollars to the 12th largest in 2003. When income is measured with regard to purchasing power parity, the Indian economy occupies 4th place, after the United States, Japan, and China. Along with growing incomes, India′s increasingly outward orientation and the growing optimism about its economy has led to a sweeping rise in international investors′ interest. At the same time evidence suggests that income inequality is rising and the gap in average per capita income between the rich and poor states is growing. Election results at the national and state level suggest that unless the issue of growing income inequality and inequality in standard of living is tackled upfront, there is a risk that the economic reform momentum might slow down. If this happens, growth will suffer. This book provides an in-depth treatment of growth and employment issues in India. It reviews India′s long-term growth experience, emerging constraints and challenges, and the way forward for sustaining rapid growth along with more and better employment. Specifically, the book identifies ways in which investment can be improved to raise productivity and reduce the cost of doing business, thereby promoting domestic and foreign private investment. It looks at the growth and productivity challenges of agriculture and suggests policies that will help raise farm productivity and incomes. It explains the reason for the low overall employment elasticity of past growth and why there has been limited expansion of good jobs, and concludes by suggesting critical reform options for increasing employment.

Author : Arvind Virmani
Publisher : Academic Foundation
Page : 340 pages
File Size : 28,26 MB
Release : 2004
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9788171883455

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This Book Is Based On Policy Papers Written During The Nineties At The Ministry Of Finance. The Fundamental Objective Of Economic Policy Is To Generate Equitable Economic Growth And Thus Bring About The Increased Well Being Of All Citizens. The Goal Of These Policy Papers Was To Remove Policy Distortions That Were Hindering Growth And Productivity And To Introduce Economic And Institutional Reforms That Would Accelerate Growth. The Policy Recommendations Were Shaped By Theory And Empirical Evidence On The One Hand, And By Institutional/Organisational And Socio-Political Constraints On The Other.

Author : The World Bank
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 297 pages
File Size : 32,49 MB
Release : 2011-04-13
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 0821387286

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The book examines India s experience with poverty reduction in a period of rapid economic growth. Marshalling evidence from multiple sources of survey data and drawing on new methods, the book asks how India s structural transformation - from rural to urban, and from agriculture to nonfarm sectors - is impacting poverty. Our analysis suggests that since the early 1990s, urban growth has emerged as a much more important driver of poverty reduction than in the past. We focus in particular on the role of small and medium size conurbations in India, both as the urban sub-sector in which urban poverty is overwhelmingly concentrated, and as a sub-sector that could potentially stimulate rural-based poverty reduction. Second, in rural areas, we focus on the nature of intersectoral transformation out of agriculture into the nonfarm economy. Stagnation in agriculture has been accompanied by dynamism in the nonfarm sector, but there is much debate about whether the growth seen has been a symptom of agrarian distress or a source of poverty reduction. Finally, alongside the accelerating economic growth and the highly visible transformation that is occurring in India s major cities, inequality is on the rise. This is raising concern that economic growth in India has by-passed significant segments of the population. The third theme on social exclusion asks if, despite the dramatic growth, historically grounded inequalities along lines of caste, tribe and gender have persisted. This book would be of interest for policymakers, researchers, non-governmental organizations, and international agencies from India and abroad--who wish to know more about India s experience of the last two decades in reducing poverty.

Author : James A. Hanson
Publisher :
Page : 350 pages
File Size : 11,3 MB
Release : 1990
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN :

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This report consists of two parts. Chapter 1, which analyzes recent economic developments, and chapters 2 - 6, which discuss the problem of poverty in India. The review of recent economic developments emphasizes the vigorous recovery the Indian economy has made since the drought of 1987. However, it is emphasized that the fiscal and balance of payments deficits will have to be reduced in order to establish a sound base for future economic growth. The second part of the report finds that the more rapid growth of the economy during the 70s and 80s, coupled with an expansion of programs aimed at poverty alleviation has led to a decline in the incidence of poverty. At the same time, poverty has become more strongly concentrated in Eastern India and more closely associated with landlessness and wage dependency. It suggests that, while more rapid growth can lead to greater progress on the poverty front, policies which have inhibited the growth of employment both in agricultural and non-agricultural pursuits will have to be changed. Finally, the report urges that some sort of safety net, in the form of guaranteed employment will be required to protect those who cannot benefit directly or immediately from the growth process.

Author : Kulwant Rai Gupta
Publisher : Atlantic Publishers & Dist
Page : 228 pages
File Size : 29,38 MB
Release : 2008
Category : India
ISBN : 9788126909001

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The Previous Century Was Marked By India S Great Transformation From A Colonial Agrarian Economy To A Modern, Vibrating, Knowledge-Based Economy Within The Framework Of A Liberal And Secular Democracy. A High Annual Gdp Growth Rate Of Over 8 Per Cent Is Now Being Achieved On A Consistent Basis. The Rapid Economic Growth Has, However, Brought Only A Marginal Decline In Rural And Urban Poverty As Nearly 250 Million People, Constituting About 25 Per Cent Of The Country S Total Population, Still Remain Below The Poverty Line.The Data Relating To The Dimensions Of Poverty Is Startling A Whopping 350 Million People Are Illiterate, 150 Million Have No Access To Safe Drinking Water, 750 Million Lack Clean Sanitation Facilities And Are Prone To Diseases Resulting Therefrom, And 50 Per Cent Of The Children Eat Below Acceptable Nutritional Levels. Average Life Expectancy At Birth Has No Doubt Risen To 63 Years, But Infant Mortality Rate (Imr) And Maternal Mortality Rate (Mmr) Are Still At Unacceptably High Levels 57 Per 1000, And 3 Per 1000 Live Births Respectively. In Terms Of Human Development Index (Hdi), India Is Ranked 126Th Among The 177 Listed Countries. Even The Mentioned Statistics Do Not Fully Capture The Sheer Destitution And Misery Our Marginalized Sections Of Population Are Subjected To. The Poverty That They Endure Robs Them Of Their Human Dignity And Makes A Mockery Of Our Claims To Social Justice And Equity.Growth, When Unevenly Spread, Dwarfs Overall Prosperity. Hence, Bridging The Income Divide Is The Biggest Challenge For India. The Government On Its Part Has Launched Several Poverty Alleviation Programmes But They Have Not Brought The Desired Result. The Approach Paper To The Eleventh Five-Year Plan Has Laid Emphasis On Strategies That Accelerate Growth And Make It Broadbased.The Present Anthology Is Comprised Of Well-Researched Articles By Erudite Scholars Who Have Deeply Analysed The Problem Of Persisting Poverty In India. Various Factors Responsible For Such A Situation Have Been Studied And Ways And Means Suggested To Considerably Reduce If Not Eradicate Poverty.The Book Will Serve As A Valuable Reference Source For Students And Teachers Of Economics And Researchers On This Subject. It Will Also Be Useful For The Policymakers, Planners, Parliamentarians, Government Agencies And Ngos. Common Readers Concerned With The Overall Development Of The Nation Will Find It Highly Informative.

Author : Ann Harrison
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
Page : 674 pages
File Size : 29,49 MB
Release : 2007-11-01
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 0226318001

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Over the past two decades, the percentage of the world’s population living on less than a dollar a day has been cut in half. How much of that improvement is because of—or in spite of—globalization? While anti-globalization activists mount loud critiques and the media report breathlessly on globalization’s perils and promises, economists have largely remained silent, in part because of an entrenched institutional divide between those who study poverty and those who study trade and finance. Globalization and Poverty bridges that gap, bringing together experts on both international trade and poverty to provide a detailed view of the effects of globalization on the poor in developing nations, answering such questions as: Do lower import tariffs improve the lives of the poor? Has increased financial integration led to more or less poverty? How have the poor fared during various currency crises? Does food aid hurt or help the poor? Poverty, the contributors show here, has been used as a popular and convenient catchphrase by parties on both sides of the globalization debate to further their respective arguments. Globalization and Poverty provides the more nuanced understanding necessary to move that debate beyond the slogans.

Author : Jayakrishna Mandalapu
Publisher : LAP Lambert Academic Publishing
Page : 100 pages
File Size : 21,39 MB
Release : 2011-05
Category :
ISBN : 9783844393354

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An Economic analysis of the growth and pattern of employment in Karnataka was done. Employment in Karnataka was largely unorganized, rural and non- industrial. The employment growth has been on decline inspite of economic liberalization which has not altered the employment patterns in many sectors including manufacturing sector. Redistribution of income in favour of the low-income groups, public investment; and incentives for private investment are some of the pertinent policy measures. The major objective of any employment programmes is to reduce poverty and thus needs to be designed and implemented in such a way that they ultimately increase productive assets - private or social, in order to achieve lasting impact on the local economy and society as well as has a multiplier effect on economy. Therefore. analysis will be useful for researchers, planners and policy makers who are working on employment, income redistribution and poverty reduction.