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Author : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Committee on Fiscal Affairs
Publisher : Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development ; [Washington, D.C. : OECD Publications and Information Centre
Page : 124 pages
File Size : 16,76 MB
Release : 1987
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN :
Compilation of four related studies.
Author : OECD
Publisher : OECD Publishing
Page : 108 pages
File Size : 38,70 MB
Release : 1987-04-30
Category :
ISBN : 926460507X
The first report outlines the reasons why international tax avoidance and evasion through the use of tax havens is a concern to the tax authorities of OECD Member countries and examines measures introduced to combat such use. The second report sets out the problems posed for tax administrations by the fact that their resident taxpayers make use of base companies (generally subsidiary companies) in tax havens to shelter there income derived from source countries (which may in some cases be the residence country itself) and in that way to escape tax normally payable to the country of residence. The third report deals with the problems created for tax authorities in source countries by the mechanism of "treaty shopping". The final report deals with taxation and the abuse of bank secrecy.
Author : Jane Gravelle
Publisher : DIANE Publishing
Page : 52 pages
File Size : 50,27 MB
Release : 2009
Category : Banks and banking, International
ISBN : 1437941117
Author : David S. Kerzner
Publisher : Springer
Page : 443 pages
File Size : 13,75 MB
Release : 2016-11-21
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 3319404210
This book provides a comprehensive analysis of the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development’s (OECD) war on offshore tax evasion. The authors explain the new emerging regulatory regimes on the global exchange of information to combat offshore tax evasion and analyse why Automatic Exchange of Information (AEOI) is not a “magic bullet” solution. Chapters include coverage of the Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (FATCA), AEOI and the Common Reporting Standards (CRS), and the unprecedented extra-territorial enforcement by the United States of its tax and reporting laws, including the FBAR provisions of the Bank Secrecy Act. These new legal regimes directly impact nearly all financial institutions and financial service providers in the U.S., U.K., EU, Canada, and each of the 132 member jurisdictions of the OECD’s Global Forum, as well as 8 million U.S. expats. In light of The Panama Papers, this book offers a timely and valuable contribution on the prevalence and costs of international tax evasion for the global financial community, policy-makers, and practitioners alike.
Author : Jane Gravelle
Publisher :
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 17,63 MB
Release : 2010
Category :
ISBN :
The first section of this report reviews what countries might be considered tax havens, including a discussion of the Organization for Economic Development and Cooperation (OECD) initiatives and lists. The next two sections discuss, in turn, the corporate profit-shifting mechanisms and evidence on the existence and magnitude of profit shifting activity. The following two sections provide the same analysis for individual tax evasion. The report concludes with overviews of alternative policy options and a summary of specific legislative proposals.
Author : Congressional Research Congressional Research Service
Publisher : Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 11,37 MB
Release : 2015-01-15
Category :
ISBN : 9781507734483
Addressing tax evasion and avoidance through use of tax havens has been the subject of a number of proposals in Congress and by the President. Actions by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) and the G-20 industrialized nations also have addressed this issue. In the 111th Congress, the HIRE Act (P.L. 111-147) included several anti-evasion provisions, and P.L. 111-226 included foreign tax credit provisions directed at perceived abuses by U.S. multinationals. Numerous legislative proposals to address both individual tax evasion and corporate tax avoidance have been advanced. Multinational firms can artificially shift profits from high-tax to low-tax jurisdictions using a variety of techniques, such as shifting debt to high-tax jurisdictions. Because tax on the income of foreign subsidiaries (except for certain passive income) is deferred until income is repatriated (paid to the U.S. parent as a dividend), this income can avoid current U.S. taxes, perhaps indefinitely. The taxation of passive income (called Subpart F income) has been reduced, perhaps significantly, through the use of hybrid entities that are treated differently in different jurisdictions. The use of hybrid entities was greatly expanded by a new regulation (termed check-the-box) introduced in the late 1990s that had unintended consequences for foreign firms. In addition, earnings from income that is taxed often can be shielded by foreign tax credits on other income. On average, very little tax is paid on the foreign source income of U.S. firms. Ample evidence of a significant amount of profit shifting exists, but the revenue cost estimates vary substantially. Evidence also indicates a significant increase in corporate profit shifting over the past several years. Recent estimates suggest losses that may approach, or even exceed, $100 billion per year. Individuals can evade taxes on passive income, such as interest, dividends, and capital gains, by not reporting income earned abroad. In addition, because interest paid to foreign recipients is not taxed, individuals can evade taxes on U.S. source income by setting up shell corporations and trusts in foreign haven countries to channel funds into foreign jurisdictions. There is no general third-party reporting of income as is the case for ordinary passive income earned domestically; the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) relies on qualified intermediaries (QIs). In the past, these institutions certified nationality without revealing the beneficial owners. Estimates of the cost of individual evasion have ranged from $40 billion to $70 billion. The Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (FATCA; included in the HIRE Act, P.L. 111-147) introduced required information reporting by foreign financial intermediaries and withholding of tax if information is not provided. These provisions became effective only recently, and their consequences are not yet known. Most provisions to address profit shifting by multinational firms would involve changing the tax law: repealing or limiting deferral, limiting the ability of the foreign tax credit to offset income, addressing check-the-box, or even formula apportionment. President Obama's proposals include a proposal to disallow overall deductions and foreign tax credits for deferred income, along with a number of other restrictions. Changes in the law or anti-abuse provisions have also been introduced in broader tax reform proposals. Provisions to address individual evasion include increased information reporting and provisions to increase enforcement, such as shifting the burden of proof to the taxpayer, increased penalties, and increased resources. Individual tax evasion is the main target of the HIRE Act, the proposed Stop Tax Haven Abuse Act, and some other proposals.
Author : OECD
Publisher : OECD Publishing
Page : 68 pages
File Size : 26,26 MB
Release : 2019-09-11
Category :
ISBN : 9264755020
Unlocking what drives tax morale – the intrinsic willingness to pay tax – can greatly assist governments in the design of tax policies and their administration, particularly in developing countries where compliance rates are low. This report builds on previous OECD research to identify some of the key socio-economic and institutional drivers of tax morale across developing countries, and seeks to test for evidence of the social contract by examining the impact of public services on tax morale. It also uses new data on tax certainty as an entry point to explore tax morale in businesses, where existing research is very limited. Finally, the report identifies a range of factors related to the tax system that may affect business decision making, how they vary across regions, and suggests some areas for future research. Overall, the report provides a range of suggestions for further work, and how tax morale considerations can be integrated into holistic tax compliance strategies.
Author :
Publisher :
Page : 116 pages
File Size : 43,63 MB
Release : 1982
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN :
Analysis of the different approaches adopted by the tax authorities of the principal, developed countries.
Author : Reuven S. Avi-Yonah
Publisher : Edward Elgar Publishing
Page : 231 pages
File Size : 16,55 MB
Release : 2019
Category : Double taxation
ISBN : 1788978498
This Second Edition provides an updated and succinct, yet highly informative overview of the key issues surrounding taxation and international law from Reuven Avi-Yonah, a leading authority on international tax. This small but powerful book surveys the nuances of the varying taxation systems, offering expert insight into the scope, reach and nature of international tax regimes, as well as providing an excellent platform for understanding how the principles of jurisdiction apply to tax and the connected tools that are used by countries in imposing taxes. It includes new material on BEPS, the EU Anti Tax Avoidance Package, and the US Tax Cuts and Jobs Act.
Author : Barry Bracewell-Milnes
Publisher : Springer
Page : 148 pages
File Size : 48,82 MB
Release : 1980-12-15
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN :
This monograph analyses the conditions in which gains or losses from international tax avoidance are more or less likely for the avoiding taxpayer, the rest of the taxpaying community and the tax authorities at home and abroad and names the countries whose tax systems render them most exposed to these gains and losses. The conclusion is that national governments and intergovernmental organisations seeking to suppress international tax avoidance may do more harm than good to the tax revenues as well as to the taxpaying communitites of the countries concerned, especially if the avoidance is formal rather than substantial in character, and that all measures against international tax avoidance should be supported by an economic estimate of the gains and losses from avoidance and the losses and gains from its suppression.