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The optical filter is resonator based. The required passband shape of ring resonator-filters can be custom designed by the use of configurations of various ring coupled resonators. This book describes the current state-of-the-art on these devices. It provides an in-depth knowledge of the simulation, fabrication and characterization of ring resonators for use as example filters, lasers, sensors.
The optical filter is resonator based. The required passband shape of ring resonator-filters can be custom designed by the use of configurations of various ring coupled resonators. This book describes the current state-of-the-art on these devices. It provides an in-depth knowledge of the simulation, fabrication and characterization of ring resonators for use as example filters, lasers, sensors.
Optical Micro-Resonators are an exciting new field of research that has gained prominence in the past few years due to the emergence of new fabrication technologies. This book is the first detailed text on the theory, fabrication, and applications of optical micro-resonators, and will be found useful by both graduate students and researchers in the field.
Micro-ring resonators (MRRs) are employed to generate signals used for optical communication applications, where they can be integrated in a single system. These structures are ideal candidates for very large-scale integrated (VLSI) photonic circuits, since they provide a wide range of optical signal processing functions while being ultra-compact. Soliton pulses have sufficient stability for preservation of their shape and velocity. Technological progress in fields such as tunable narrow band laser systems, multiple transmission, and MRR systems constitute a base for the development of new transmission techniques. Controlling the speed of a light signal has many potential applications in fiber optic communication and quantum computing. The slow light effect has many important applications and is a key technology for all optical networks such as optical signal processing. Generation of slow light in MRRs is based on the nonlinear optical fibers. Slow light can be generated within the micro-ring devices, which will be able to be used with the mobile telephone. Therefore, the message can be kept encrypted via quantum cryptography. Thus perfect security in a mobile telephone network is plausible. This research study involves both numerical experiments and theoretical work based on MRRs for secured communication.
Integrated ring resonators have attracted a considerable interest in optical communications because of their small size and wide range of applicability. Here we consider several aspects of these devices, beginning with a tunable hybrid ring resonators consisting of a silicon over insulator (SOI) ring covered with a polymer layer in a variable electric field. Varying the field changes the polymer refractive index and consequently the resonance condition of the cavity. This device offers a large degree of optical confinement together with a high modulation speed. Subsequently, we design and present fabrication results for a Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) multiplexer/demultiplexer formed from a series of ring resonators with two channels separated by 50 GHz each that is predicted to exhibit a free spectral range (FSR) of 100 GHz, signal dispersion less than 30 ps/nm and a signal cross-talk less than -23 dB. Finally, we analyze the application of the coupled ring waveguide circuit to rotation sensors based on the Sagnac phase shift. Here, however our analysis indicates that a single ring, of the same area exhibits a higher degree of sensitivity to rotational motion than a multiple ring circuit.
The title explain new technique of secured and high capacity optical communication signals generation by using the micro and nano ring resonators. The pulses are known as soliton pulses which are more secured due to having the properties of chaotic and dark soliton signals with ultra short bandwidth. They have high capacity due to the fact that ring resonators are able to generate pulses in the form of solitons in multiples and train form. These pulses generated by ring resonators are suitable in optical communication due to use the compact and integrated rings system, easy to control, flexibility, less loss, application in long distance communication and many other advantages. Using these pulses overcome the problems such as losses during the propagation, long distances, error detection, using many repeaters or amplifiers, undetectable received signals, pulse broadening, overlapping and so on. This book show how to generate soliton pulses using ring resonators in the micro and nano range which can be used in optical communication to improve the transmission technique and quality of received signals in networks such as WiFi and wireless communication.
"a detailed, cognizant account of numerous crucial aspects of optical microring resonators" – Amr S. Helmy, Professor of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Toronto "an excellent choice for gaining an insight into the vast potential of microring resonators" – Jalil Ali, Professor, Laser Center ISI-SIR, University of Technology, Malaysia "a thorough treatment... appeal[s] to a wide range of audiences" – L. Jay Guo, Professor of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, The University of Michigan The field of microring resonator research has seen tremendous growth over the past decade, with microring resonators now becoming a ubiquitous element in integrated photonics technology. This book fills the need for a cohesive and comprehensive treatment of the subject, given its importance and the proliferation of new research in the field. The expert author has as an introductory guide for beginners as well as a reference source for more experienced researchers. This book aims to fulfill this need by providing a concise and detailed treatment of the fundamental concepts and theories that underpin the various applications. To appeal to as wide a readership as possible, major areas of applications of microring resonators will also be covered in depth.
As modern electronic devices continue to miniaturize and integrate more functionality, silicon-based MEMS timing references are gaining more and more attention and are replacing quartz crystals in the $5 billion market. They offer a lot of advantages such as a small foot-print, low cost, low power consumption, etc. However, the performance (phase noise in particular) of MEMS-based timing references still needs improvement to outperform the well-established quartz crystals. This work presents a fully-differential breathe-mode ring resonators with a quality factor as high as 473,000 at 10MHz by minimizing air damping, anchor loss and thermo-elastic dissipation. This quality factor approaches the theoretical maximum quality factor set by the phonon-to-phonon scattering in the material. It is among the highest reported in literature. MEMS oscillators based on this breathe-mode ring resonator produce a -120dBc/Hz close-to-carrier (@1kHz offset) phase noise performance. In addition, ultra-narrow bandwidth breathe-mode ring filters are designed and fabricated based on this high Q breathe-mode ring resonator using mechanical coupling, achieving less than 0.05% bandwidth. However, due to the large transduction gap size (1.5μm) dictated by the "epi-seal" fabrication process, the motional impedance of the breathe-mode ring resonator is relatively high, causing poor oscillator phase noise performance. In this work, a modified "epi-seal" fabrication process employing surface micromachining combined with bulk micro-machining is performed, achieving a transduction gap size as small as 260nm, thereby reducing the motional impedance by six times and improving the phase noise performance by 15dB theoretically. In the last section, integrated CMOS-MEMS structures, including 10 and 25 MHz breathe-mode ring resonators and 850 kHz double ended tuning fork resonators integrated with CMOS trans-impedance amplifiers (TIAs), are designed and fabricated in the InvenSense Nasiri fabrication platform. This platform offers a great way to help bring good concepts to quick realization by opening the commercially proven MEMS fabrication platform to the public.
The technology surrounding the design and fabrication of optical microresonators has matured to a point where there is a need for commercialization. Consequently, there is a need for device research involving more advanced architectures and more esoteric operating principles. Photonic Microresonator Research and Applications explores advances in the fabrication process that enable nanometer waveguide separations, exceptionally smooth surfaces essential to reach Q factors in the order of 106- 108 and high index contrast materials.