[PDF] Inelastic X Ray Scattering From Bound Electrons eBook

Author : Winfried Schuelke
Publisher : OUP Oxford
Page : 608 pages
File Size : 17,36 MB
Release : 2007-06-21
Category : Science
ISBN : 0191523283

GET BOOK

Knowledge of the dynamics of many-electron systems is of fundamental importance to all disciplines of condensed matter physics. A very effective access to electron dynamics is offered by inelastic X-ray scattering (IXS) spectroscopy. The double differential scattering cross section for IXS is directly related to the time-dependent two-particle density correlation function, and, for large momentum and energy transfer (Compton limit) to the electron momentum distribution. Moreover, resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) enables the study of electron dynamics via electronic excitations in a very selective manner (e.g. selectively spin, crystal momentum, or symmetry), so that other methods are efficaciously complemented. The progress of IXS spectroscopy is intimately related to the growing range of applications of synchrotron radiation. The aim of the book is to provide the growing community of researchers with accounts of experimental methods, instrumentation, and data analysis of IXS, with representative examples of successful applications, and with the theoretical framework for interpretations of the measurements.

Author : Winfried Schülke
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
Page : 606 pages
File Size : 35,87 MB
Release : 2007-06-21
Category : Science
ISBN : 0198510179

GET BOOK

This work offers the first comprehensive review of experimental methods, theory, and successful applications of synchrotron radiation based on inelastic X-ray scattering spectroscopy, which enables the investigation of electron dynamics in condensed matter (correlated motion and excitation).

Author : Bernd Crasemann
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 760 pages
File Size : 38,29 MB
Release : 2013-03-09
Category : Science
ISBN : 1461324173

GET BOOK

The physics of atomic inner shells has undergone significant advances in recent years. Fast computers and new experimental tools, notably syn chrotron-radiation sources and heavy-ion accelerators, have greatly enhan ced the scope of problems that are accessible. The level of research activity is growing substantially; added incentives are provided by the importance of inner-shell processes in such diverse areas as plasma studies, astrophysics, laser technology, biology, medicine, and materials science. The main reason for all this exciting activity in atomic inner-shell physics, to be sure, lies in the significance of the fundamental problems that are coming within grasp. The large energies of many inner-shell processes cause relativistic and quantum-electrodynamic effects to become strong. Unique opportunities exist for delicate tests of such phenomena as the screening of the electron self-energy and the limits of validity of the present form of the frequency-dependent Breit interaction, to name but two. The many-body problem, which pervades virtually all of physics, presents somewhat less intractable aspects in the atomic inner-shell regime: correlations are relatively weak so that they can be treated perturbatively, and the basic potential is simple and known! The dynamics of inner-shell processes are characterized by exceedingly short lifetimes and high transition rates that strain perturbation theory to its limits and obliterate the traditional separation of excitation and deexcitation. These factors are only now being explored, as are interference phenomena between the various channels.

Author : P. Schattschneider
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 205 pages
File Size : 10,67 MB
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 3709188660

GET BOOK

Electron energy loss spectroscopy (ELS) is a vast subject with a long and honorable history. The problem of stopping power for high energy particles interested the earliest pioneers of quantum mechanics such as Bohr and Bethe, who laid the theoretical foun dations of the subject. The experimental origins might perhaps be traced to the original Franck-Hertz experiment. The modern field includes topics as diverse as low energy reflection electron energy loss studies of surface vibrational modes, the spectroscopy of gases and the modern theory of plasmon excitation in crystals. For the study of ELS in electron microscopy, several historically distinct areas of physics are relevant, including the theory of the Debye Waller factor for virtual inelastic scattering, the use of complex optical potentials, lattice dynamics for crystalline specimens and the theory of atomic ionisation for isolated atoms. However the field of electron energy loss spectroscopy contains few useful texts which can be recommended for students. With the recent appearance of Raether's and Egerton's hooks (see text for references), we have for the first time both a comprehensive review text-due to Raether-and a lucid introductory text which emphasizes experimental aspects-due to Egerton. Raether's text tends to emphasize the recent work on surface plasmons, while the strength of Egerton's book is its treatment of inner shell excitations for microanalysis, based on the use of atomic wavefunctions for crystal electrons.

Author : Alessandro Cunsolo
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
Page : 132 pages
File Size : 26,19 MB
Release : 2020-09-16
Category : Science
ISBN : 1789850517

GET BOOK

This book illustrates a few exemplary scientific topics addressed through the use of two complementary x-ray scattering techniques: inelastic x-ray scattering and x-ray powder diffraction. These scattering methods are the focus of the two main sections of this book. These sections are subdivided into chapters discussing specific applications. The general aim of this volume is providing a concise overview of the opportunities disclosed by these two experimental methods, providing some guidance for scientists picking up this field and, hopefully, inspiring more mature scientists towards the achievement of new advances in this area.

Author : Eberhard Burkel
Publisher : Springer
Page : 120 pages
File Size : 15,36 MB
Release : 2006-04-11
Category : Science
ISBN : 3540383514

GET BOOK

Inelastic scattering of X-rays with very high energy resolution has finally become possible thanks to a new generation of high-intensity X-ray sources. This development marks the end to the traditional belief that low energy excitations like lattice vibrations cannot be resolved directly with X-rays: Inelastic scattering experiments allow to observe directly the small energy shifts of the photons. Studies of lattice vibrations, of excitations in molecular crystals, of collective excitations in liquids and electronic excitations in crystals demonstrating the broad applicability and power of this new technology are discussed in this book. The progress in this field opens up fantastic new research areas not only in physics but also in other disciplines such as materials science,biology and chemistry.

Author : Stefan P. Hau-Riege
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 284 pages
File Size : 26,73 MB
Release : 2012-09-19
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 3527636382

GET BOOK

Filling the need for a book bridging the effect of matter on X-ray radiation and the interaction of x-rays with plasmas, this monograph provides comprehensive coverage of the topic. As such, it presents and explains such powerful new X-ray sources as X-ray free-electron lasers, as well as short pulse interactions with solids, clusters, molecules, and plasmas, and X-ray matter interactions as a diagnostic tool. Equally useful for researchers and practitioners working in the field.

Author : Paul Davis
Publisher :
Page : 220 pages
File Size : 30,27 MB
Release : 2012
Category :
ISBN :

GET BOOK

In this work we demonstrate spectrally resolved x-ray scattering from electron-plasma waves in shock-compressed deuterium and proton-heated matter. Because the spectral signature of inelastic x-ray scattering is strongly dependent on the free electron density of the system, it is used to infer ionization in dynamically heated samples. Using 2-6 ns, 500 J laser pulses from LLNL's Janus laser, we shocked liquid deuterium to pressures approaching 50 GPa, reaching compressions of 4 times liquid density. A second laser produced intense 2 keV x-rays. By collecting and spectrally dispersing forward scattered photons at 45 degrees, the onset of ionization was detected at compressions of about 3 times in the form of plasmon oscillations. Backscattered x-rays bolstered this observation by measuring the free electron distribution through Compton scattering. Comparison with simulations shows very close agreement between the pressure dependence of ionization and molecular dissociation in dynamically compressed deuterium. In a second set of experiments, a 10 ps, 200 J Titan laser pulse was split into two beams. One created a stream of MeV protons to heat samples of boron and boron-nitride and the other pumped 4.5 keV K-alpha radiation in a titanium foil to probe the hot target. We observed scattered x-rays 300 ps after heating, noting a strong difference in average ionization between the two target materials at temperatures of 16 eV and very similar mass densities. Comparison with electron structure calculations suggests that this difference is due to a persistence of long-range ion structure in BN resulting in high-temperature band structure. These results underscore the importance of understanding the complex electron structure of materials even at electron-volt temperatures and gigapascal pressures. Our results provide new data to guide the theoretical modeling of warm, dense matter important to understanding giant planets and inertial fusion targets.