[PDF] Implementation Of Microfluidic Mixers For The Optimization Of Polymeric Gold And Perovskite Nanomaterials Synthesis eBook

Author : Alexa A. Roberts
Publisher :
Page : 78 pages
File Size : 34,90 MB
Release : 2021
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ISBN :

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Nanoparticles have a wide range of applications in biomedicine, catalysis, energy, semiconductors, and consumer products, to name a few. Conventionally, batch synthesis of a variety of nanoparticles is achieved using bottom-up (e.g., wet methods, nucleatedgrowth, microbial synthesis) or top-down (e.g., milling) approaches. However, the reactions, especially in bottom-up approaches, could be time and resource intensive when optimizing for the effects of reaction parameters and their interplay on nanoparticle characteristics and purity. Microfluidic platforms could help overcome these limitations by enabling high-throughput reactions, combinatorial approaches, in situ monitoring capabilities, and utilizing fewer reactant volumes. The aim of this study is to optimize the synthesis of three different types of nanomaterials: poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) nanoparticles, gold (AuNPs) nanoparticles, and lead iodide perovskite nanoplatelets (PNPs), using two types of microfluidic mixers: the reverse staggered herringbone (SHB) mixer and S-shaped Dean mixers. The effect of variables such as the inlet flowrate into the device ports, reactant compositions and mole ratios, and mixer type was investigated to identify the optimal synthesis conditions, i.e., the conditions leading to narrow and uniform size distributions, for each type of nanomaterial in these micromixers. The outcomes from these microfluidic mixers were compared to their counterparts from batch synthesis. Future studies could test the applications of such nanoparticles in targeted imaging and drug encapsulation.

Author : Pedro Miguel Valencia
Publisher :
Page : 154 pages
File Size : 42,61 MB
Release : 2013
Category :
ISBN :

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The use of nanotechnology to engineer drug delivery vehicles comprised of controlled release polymers with targeting molecules has the potential to revolutionize cancer therapy, among other diseases. Although a myriad of nanotherapeutics have been developed at the bench side, many of them stay at the research stage due to their complexity and difficulty in their optimization. A key challenge for optimization of nanoparticles (NPs) for drug delivery is the ability to systematically and combinatorially create and screen libraries of NPs with distinct physicochemical properties, from which promising formulations can be moved forward to preclinical and clinical studies. In this work, the development of a controlled method to synthesize libraries of NPs with distinct properties is described. The procedure uses a microfluidic platform that rapidly mixes reagents and provides homogeneous reaction environments, resulting in the reproducible, single-step synthesis of NPs with well-defined properties and narrow size distributions. The microfluidic system is composed of a mixing unit and a NP assembly unit. The mixing unit consists of a multi-inlet, 2-layer mixer where different precursors such as polymers of different MW and charge, ligand- and drug-conjugated polymers, free drugs, and solvents are mixed at different ratios into a homogenous solution. In the assembly unit, the precursor solution is quickly mixed with an anti-solvent (i.e. water) using 3D hydrodynamic flow focusing where NPs self-assemble after complete mixing. With the microfluidic platform, a library of 100 NPs with different sizes (15-200nm), charge (-30 to +30mV), surface chemistry (i.e. PEG coverage), surface ligand density (0-2.5105 ligands/[mu]m2), and drug loading (0-5 w/w%) was producedd in a high-throughput manner by simply varying the flow ratios of precursors entering the system. This library was implemented for (i) screening for formulations (in vitro and in vivo) with optimal clinical properties for cancer treatment and (ii) deepening the understanding of how NP properties affect their biological behavior. The platform developed in this work would likely lead to better understanding of the design parameters for polymeric NPs and their smoother transition to the clinic.

Author : Marissa C. Sarsfield
Publisher :
Page : pages
File Size : 46,8 MB
Release : 2018
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ISBN :

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Gold nanoparticles have been used for centuries in the areas of catalysis, optics, biological assays, biomarkers and therapeutics. The properties of these particles including size, size distribution, morphology and surface properties all play an important role in the applications of the nanoparticle. The advantage of these particles is a high level of control on these properties during synthesis. In the classical synthesis, the Turkevich model of reducing gold chloride with sodium citrate in a batch reaction is utilized. However, batch reactions present many disadvantages including particle instability, wide size distribution and irreproducibility. In this study, a reverse staggered herringbone microfluidic device will be utilized for the synthesis of gold nanoparticles using the classical Turkevich model. The objectives of this study are to first demonstrate that the device is capable of producing gold nanoparticles. Secondly, the reaction parameters were optimized using a design of experiment approach. A statistical regression model was developed, based on the data obtained, to predict the effects of reaction temperature, reactant concentration ratio, pH and Reynold0́9s number on the average size of the resulting gold nanoparticles. This characterization was compared to batch reactions at the same conditions as well as the results reported in literature. The results of this study show agreement between the trends of reaction parameter effects on the gold nanoparticle characterization in theory and literature.

Author : Jayvadan K. Patel
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 611 pages
File Size : 10,61 MB
Release : 2021-06-23
Category : Medical
ISBN : 3030507033

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This book provides an overview of nanoparticle production methods, scale-up issues drawing attention to industrial applicability, and addresses their successful applications for commercial use. There is a need for a reference book which will address various aspects of recent progress in the methods of development of nanoparticles with a focus on polymeric and lipid nanoparticles, their scale-up techniques, and challenges in their commercialization. There is no consolidated reference book that discusses the emerging technologies for nanoparticle manufacturing. This book focuses on the following major aspects of emerging technologies for nano particle manufacturing. I. Introduction and Biomedical Applications of Nanoparticles II. Polymeric Nanoparticles III. Lipid Nanoparticles IV. Metallic Nanoparticles V. Quality Control for Nanoparticles VI. Challenges in Scale-Up Production of Nanoparticles VII. Injectable Nanosystems VIII. Future Directions and Challenges Leading scientists are selected as chapter authors who have contributed significantly in this field and they focus more on emerging technologies for nanoparticle manufacturing, future directions, and challenges.

Author : Alper Erturk
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 377 pages
File Size : 12,20 MB
Release : 2011-04-04
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 1119991358

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The transformation of vibrations into electric energy through the use of piezoelectric devices is an exciting and rapidly developing area of research with a widening range of applications constantly materialising. With Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting, world-leading researchers provide a timely and comprehensive coverage of the electromechanical modelling and applications of piezoelectric energy harvesters. They present principal modelling approaches, synthesizing fundamental material related to mechanical, aerospace, civil, electrical and materials engineering disciplines for vibration-based energy harvesting using piezoelectric transduction. Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting provides the first comprehensive treatment of distributed-parameter electromechanical modelling for piezoelectric energy harvesting with extensive case studies including experimental validations, and is the first book to address modelling of various forms of excitation in piezoelectric energy harvesting, ranging from airflow excitation to moving loads, thus ensuring its relevance to engineers in fields as disparate as aerospace engineering and civil engineering. Coverage includes: Analytical and approximate analytical distributed-parameter electromechanical models with illustrative theoretical case studies as well as extensive experimental validations Several problems of piezoelectric energy harvesting ranging from simple harmonic excitation to random vibrations Details of introducing and modelling piezoelectric coupling for various problems Modelling and exploiting nonlinear dynamics for performance enhancement, supported with experimental verifications Applications ranging from moving load excitation of slender bridges to airflow excitation of aeroelastic sections A review of standard nonlinear energy harvesting circuits with modelling aspects.

Author : Celso de Mello Donegá
Publisher : Springer
Page : 303 pages
File Size : 29,25 MB
Release : 2014-10-21
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 3662448238

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This book can be roughly divided into three parts: fundamental physico-chemical and physical principles of Nanoscience, chemistry and synthesis of nanoparticles, and techniques to study nanoparticles. The first chapter is concerned with the origin of the size dependence of the properties of nanomaterials, explaining it in terms of two fundamental nanoscale effects. This chapter also serves as a general introduction to the book, briefly addressing the definition and classification of nanomaterials and the techniques used to fabricate and study them. Chapter 2 lays out the theoretical framework within which to understand size effects on the properties of semiconductor nanocrystals, with particular emphasis on the quantum confinement effect. The optical properties of metal nanoparticles and metal nanostructures (periodic lattices) are discussed in Chapter 3. Chapter 4 is devoted to nanoporous materials, treating in detail their synthesis, structure and functional properties, as well as the physical properties of liquids confined in nanopores. The preparation methods, characterization techniques, and applications of supported nanoparticles are covered in Chapter 5. The sixth Chapter presents the essential physical-chemical concepts needed to understand the preparation of colloidal inorganic nanoparticles, and the remarkable degree of control that has been achieved over their composition, size, shape and surface. The last four Chapters are dedicated to a few selected characterization techniques that are very valuable tools to study nanoparticles. Chapter 7 concentrates on electron microscopy techniques, while Chapter 8 focuses on scanning probe microscopy and spectroscopy. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) based spectroscopic techniques and their application to nanoparticles are explored in Chapter 9. Finally, Chapter 10 shows how solution Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopic techniques can be used to unravel the surface chemistry of colloidal nanoparticles.

Author : Jyotishkumar Parameswaranpillai
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 505 pages
File Size : 50,51 MB
Release : 2016-09-19
Category : Science
ISBN : 1315355078

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This book provides a comprehensive collection of the latest information on nanomaterials and nanocomposites. It covers material synthesis, processing, structure characterization, properties and applications. It presents a coherent treatment of how composite properties depend on nanostructure, and covers cutting-edge topics like bionanocomposites for sustainable development. This book summarizes many developments in the field making it an ideal resource for researchers from industry, academia, government and private research institutions.

Author : Mehdi Afshari
Publisher : Woodhead Publishing
Page : 650 pages
File Size : 10,58 MB
Release : 2016-09-13
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 0081009119

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Electrospun Nanofibers covers advances in the electrospinning process including characterization, testing and modeling of electrospun nanofibers, and electrospinning for particular fiber types and applications. Electrospun Nanofibers offers systematic and comprehensive coverage for academic researchers, industry professionals, and postgraduate students working in the field of fiber science. Electrospinning is the most commercially successful process for the production of nanofibers and rising demand is driving research and development in this field. Rapid progress is being made both in terms of the electrospinning process and in the production of nanofibers with superior chemical and physical properties. Electrospinning is becoming more efficient and more specialized in order to produce particular fiber types such as bicomponent and composite fibers, patterned and 3D nanofibers, carbon nanofibers and nanotubes, and nanofibers derived from chitosan. Provides systematic and comprehensive coverage of the manufacture, properties, and applications of nanofibers Covers recent developments in nanofibers materials including electrospinning of bicomponent, chitosan, carbon, and conductive fibers Brings together expertise from academia and industry to provide comprehensive, up-to-date information on nanofiber research and development Offers systematic and comprehensive coverage for academic researchers, industry professionals, and postgraduate students working in the field of fiber science

Author : Xiaoyu Wang
Publisher : Springer
Page : 134 pages
File Size : 14,80 MB
Release : 2016-07-27
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 3662530686

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This book describes the fundamental concepts, the latest developments and the outlook of the field of nanozymes (i.e., the catalytic nanomaterials with enzymatic characteristics). As one of today’s most exciting fields, nanozyme research lies at the interface of chemistry, biology, materials science and nanotechnology. Each of the book’s six chapters explores advances in nanozymes. Following an introduction to the rise of nanozymes research in the course of research on natural enzymes and artificial enzymes in Chapter 1, Chapters 2 through 5 discuss different nanomaterials used to mimic various natural enzymes, from carbon-based and metal-based nanomaterials to metal oxide-based nanomaterials and other nanomaterials. In each of these chapters, the nanomaterials’ enzyme mimetic activities, catalytic mechanisms and key applications are covered. In closing, Chapter 6 addresses the current challenges and outlines further directions for nanozymes. Presenting extensive information on nanozymes and supplemented with a wealth of color illustrations and tables, the book offers an ideal guide for readers from disparate areas, including analytical chemistry, materials science, nanoscience and nanotechnology, biomedical and clinical engineering, environmental science and engineering, green chemistry, and novel catalysis.