[PDF] Implementation Of Corporate Average Fuel Economy Cafe Standards eBook

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 181 pages
File Size : 40,31 MB
Release : 2002-01-29
Category : Science
ISBN : 0309170567

GET BOOK

Since CAFE standards were established 25 years ago, there have been significant changes in motor vehicle technology, globalization of the industry, the mix and characteristics of vehicle sales, production capacity, and other factors. This volume evaluates the implications of these changes as well as changes anticipated in the next few years, on the need for CAFE, as well as the stringency and/or structure of the CAFE program in future years.

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 812 pages
File Size : 31,69 MB
Release : 2015-09-28
Category : Science
ISBN : 0309373913

GET BOOK

The light-duty vehicle fleet is expected to undergo substantial technological changes over the next several decades. New powertrain designs, alternative fuels, advanced materials and significant changes to the vehicle body are being driven by increasingly stringent fuel economy and greenhouse gas emission standards. By the end of the next decade, cars and light-duty trucks will be more fuel efficient, weigh less, emit less air pollutants, have more safety features, and will be more expensive to purchase relative to current vehicles. Though the gasoline-powered spark ignition engine will continue to be the dominant powertrain configuration even through 2030, such vehicles will be equipped with advanced technologies, materials, electronics and controls, and aerodynamics. And by 2030, the deployment of alternative methods to propel and fuel vehicles and alternative modes of transportation, including autonomous vehicles, will be well underway. What are these new technologies - how will they work, and will some technologies be more effective than others? Written to inform The United States Department of Transportation's National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) and Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) and greenhouse gas (GHG) emission standards, this new report from the National Research Council is a technical evaluation of costs, benefits, and implementation issues of fuel reduction technologies for next-generation light-duty vehicles. Cost, Effectiveness, and Deployment of Fuel Economy Technologies for Light-Duty Vehicles estimates the cost, potential efficiency improvements, and barriers to commercial deployment of technologies that might be employed from 2020 to 2030. This report describes these promising technologies and makes recommendations for their inclusion on the list of technologies applicable for the 2017-2025 CAFE standards.

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 181 pages
File Size : 43,94 MB
Release : 2002-03-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 0309076013

GET BOOK

Since CAFE standards were established 25 years ago, there have been significant changes in motor vehicle technology, globalization of the industry, the mix and characteristics of vehicle sales, production capacity, and other factors. This volume evaluates the implications of these changes as well as changes anticipated in the next few years, on the need for CAFE, as well as the stringency and/or structure of the CAFE program in future years.

Author : Thomas Klier
Publisher : DIANE Publishing
Page : 36 pages
File Size : 44,52 MB
Release : 2011-08
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 1437987842

GET BOOK

Presents an overview of the economics literature on the effect of Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) standards on the new vehicle market. Since 1978, CAFE has imposed fuel economy standards for cars and light trucks sold in the U.S. market. This paper reviews the history of the standards, followed by a discussion of the major upcoming changes in implementation and stringency. It describes strategies that firms can use to meet the standards and reviews the CAFE literature as it applies to the new vehicle market. The paper concludes by highlighting areas for future research in light of the upcoming changes to CAFE. Charts and tables. This is a print on demand edition of an important, hard-to-find report.

Author : Ann K. Hunter-Pirle
Publisher :
Page : 31 pages
File Size : 28,71 MB
Release : 2014
Category :
ISBN :

GET BOOK

The Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS) mandates that U.S. transportation fuel producers blend specific volumes of ethanol and other biofuels with fossil fuels to spur U.S. biofuel production and to minimize foreign oil imports. Ethanol is more corrosive to auto engines than gasoline, and although vehicles manufactured since 2001 are approved to use up to a 15% ethanol blend (E15) (Naylor & Falcon, 2011), E10 is much more widely available. Ethanol producers therefore face a so-called blend wall at 10 percent—a maximum amount of ethanol that is usable domestically based on the demand for gasoline. Meanwhile, gasoline demand in the U.S. has declined since 2008, when high gas prices and the onset of the recession abruptly led Americans to drive less and to buy more fuel-efficient vehicles. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has since updated Federal Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) standards to double fuel efficiency in cars and light duty trucks by 2025 to 54.5 miles per gallon (mpg) on average, further diminishing gasoline demand. Until now, RFS and CAFE have mostly been examined separately or compared to hypothetical carbon cap and trade policies. Analyzing how the RFS and CAFE interact is important because unlike cap and trade, these two policies exist in the U.S. already, and they affect each other in ways unanticipated when each was created. This research uses a comparative statics model to examine the interactions between RFS and CAFE, first in 2013, then in 2025, when updated CAFE standards have been fully implemented and average gas mileage for model year 2025 is 54.5 mpg. This analysis finds that if both policies are implemented simultaneously in 2025, the outcome is incompatible with even an E15 blend wall. While motor fuel consumers’ gains are 50 percent of their 2013 expenditures, gasoline producers lose surplus equivalent to 20 percent of their 2013 receipts.

Author : Daniel Sperling
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 309 pages
File Size : 17,17 MB
Release : 2010-07-26
Category : Science
ISBN : 0080464688

GET BOOK

Climate change is one of the greatest challenges facing global society. The debate over what to do is confounded by the uncertain relationship between increasing greenhouse gas emissions and climate change, and the impact of those changes on nature and human civilization. Driving Climate Change will provide professionals and students alike with the latest information regarding greenhouse emissions while presenting the most up-to-date techniques for reducing these emissions. It will investigate three broad strategies for reducing greenhouse gas emissions: 1) reducing motorized travel, 2) shifting to less energy intensive modes, and 3) changing fuel and propulsion technologies. Findings will be presented by the leaders in the field with contributions from professors, researchers, consultants and engineers at the most prominent institutions - commercial, academic and federal - dealing with environmental research and policy. Includes a comprehensive evaluation of current industrial practice Provides technologically sound and manageable techniques for engineers, scientists and designers Incorporates guidelines for a sustainable future

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 251 pages
File Size : 22,4 MB
Release : 2010-07-30
Category : Science
ISBN : 0309159474

GET BOOK

Technologies and Approaches to Reducing the Fuel Consumption of Medium- and Heavy-Duty Vehicles evaluates various technologies and methods that could improve the fuel economy of medium- and heavy-duty vehicles, such as tractor-trailers, transit buses, and work trucks. The book also recommends approaches that federal agencies could use to regulate these vehicles' fuel consumption. Currently there are no fuel consumption standards for such vehicles, which account for about 26 percent of the transportation fuel used in the U.S. The miles-per-gallon measure used to regulate the fuel economy of passenger cars. is not appropriate for medium- and heavy-duty vehicles, which are designed above all to carry loads efficiently. Instead, any regulation of medium- and heavy-duty vehicles should use a metric that reflects the efficiency with which a vehicle moves goods or passengers, such as gallons per ton-mile, a unit that reflects the amount of fuel a vehicle would use to carry a ton of goods one mile. This is called load-specific fuel consumption (LSFC). The book estimates the improvements that various technologies could achieve over the next decade in seven vehicle types. For example, using advanced diesel engines in tractor-trailers could lower their fuel consumption by up to 20 percent by 2020, and improved aerodynamics could yield an 11 percent reduction. Hybrid powertrains could lower the fuel consumption of vehicles that stop frequently, such as garbage trucks and transit buses, by as much 35 percent in the same time frame.

Author : Thomas Klier
Publisher :
Page : 22 pages
File Size : 43,83 MB
Release : 2010
Category : Automobile industry and trade
ISBN :

GET BOOK

This paper presents an overview of the economics literature on the effect of Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) standards on the new vehicle market. Since 1978, CAFE has imposed fuel economy standards for cars and light trucks sold in the U.S. market. This paper reviews the history of the standards, followed by a discussion of the major upcoming changes in implementation and stringency. It describes strategies that firms can use to meet the standards and reviews the CAFE literature as it applies to the new vehicle market. The paper concludes by highlighting areas for future research in light of the upcoming changes to CAFE.