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While production of ICT equipment plays a subordinate role for economic growth in most of these countries, they do benefit from capital deepening arising from falling prices of ICT equipment. Adapting established growth accounting approaches to the data environment of low-income countries, we quantify the growth impacts of absorption of ICT equipment, finding that ICT-related capital deepening contributed 0.2 percentage points to growth in low-income countries, and 0.3 percentage points in low-middle-income countries. The latter is about half the level typically found for industrialized countries.
The development in information and communication technology (ICT) has opened up many endless opportunities, enabling broad communication and easy access to knowledge and information. This paper aims to offer a discussion regarding the economic impact of ICT on 89 countries divided into 7 low-, 20 lower middle-, 19 upper middle- and 43 high income economies. Accordingly, it studies the impact of investment growth in ICT and non ICT assets on economic growth for a period 1990 to 2018, thereafter, it examines the economic impact of using three ICT infrastructure indicators in order to tests the effective usage of ICT investment in those economies for the period 2000 to 2018. The methodology of this research follows a deductive approach and uses a panel data estimation. The results show that ICT capital still plays a major role in the richest countries in the world, while there is no significant impact of ICT in the Upper middle and low income economies and weak significant in lower middle income economies. Regarding the impact of using ICT, the results for four income groups, indicate that the level of the ICT infrastructure effect varies according to the indicator studied and middle income economies are gaining more from the use of ICT infrastructure than high income economies with a positive and strong effect on economic growth.
Diploma Thesis from the year 2007 in the subject Business economics - Economic Policy, grade: 1,5, Technical University of Ilmenau (Institut f r Wirtschaftswissenschaften), 43 entries in the bibliography, language: English, abstract: This paper discusses the relevance of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) for economic growth in developing economies. By reviewing the contributions from the neoclassical and endogenous growth theory and empiric evidences for the link between ICT and economic growth, the paper clearly concludes that ICTs facilitate economic growth, principally by providing incentives for capital deepening and increasing productivity through rapid technological progress. However, the impact on growth is more extensive from the long-term ICT use and networking that though requires appropriate ICT investment and complementary efforts in order that spillovers and productivity improvements are triggered and exploited totally. This paper derives the key determinants and interacting factors that, in the corresponding correct synergic combination, promote ICT's impact on growth-generating processes. For a variety of reasons, the states of these factors in developing countries provide a less ICT favourable environment for taking advantage from ICTs. These economies exhibit a lower stock of human capacities and per capita capital to trigger the productivity benefits from the ICT use. Therefore, the level of effort is higher than in the developed world to receive return on ICT investment. However, when they achieve to attract capital and knowledge by encouraging ICT investment and technology transfer supported by international openness, maintained financial and institutional systems, deregulation of markets and higher competition, they have the chance to benefit from adopting best practices and technologies from the industrialized world with complementary efforts in the reorganisation of business organisations and processes and enhanced human ICT-s
Diploma Thesis from the year 2007 in the subject Business economics - Economic Policy, grade: 1,5, Technical University of Ilmenau (Institut für Wirtschaftswissenschaften), language: English, abstract: This paper discusses the relevance of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) for economic growth in developing economies. By reviewing the contributions from the neoclassical and endogenous growth theory and empiric evidences for the link between ICT and economic growth, the paper clearly concludes that ICTs facilitate economic growth, principally by providing incentives for capital deepening and increasing productivity through rapid technological progress. However, the impact on growth is more extensive from the long-term ICT use and networking that though requires appropriate ICT investment and complementary efforts in order that spillovers and productivity improvements are triggered and exploited totally. This paper derives the key determinants and interacting factors that, in the corresponding correct synergic combination, promote ICT’s impact on growth-generating processes. For a variety of reasons, the states of these factors in developing countries provide a less ICT favourable environment for taking advantage from ICTs. These economies exhibit a lower stock of human capacities and per capita capital to trigger the productivity benefits from the ICT use. Therefore, the level of effort is higher than in the developed world to receive return on ICT investment. However, when they achieve to attract capital and knowledge by encouraging ICT investment and technology transfer supported by international openness, maintained financial and institutional systems, deregulation of markets and higher competition, they have the chance to benefit from adopting best practices and technologies from the industrialized world with complementary efforts in the reorganisation of business organisations and processes and enhanced human ICT-skills and management.
This paper studies the impact of information and communication technologies (ICT), especially mobile phone rollout, on economic growth in a sample of African countries from 1988 to 2007. Further, we investigate whether financial inclusion is one of the channels through which mobile phone development influences economic growth. In estimating the impact of ICT on economic growth, we use a wide range of ICT indicators, including mobile and fixed telephone penetration rates and the cost of local calls. We address any endogeneity issues by using the System Generalized Method of Moment (GMM) estimator. Financial inclusion is captured by variables measuring access to financial services, such as the number of deposits or loans per head, compiled by Beck, Demirguc-Kunt, and Martinez Peria (2007) and the Consultative Group to Assist the Poor (CGAP, 2009). The results confirm that ICT, including mobile phone development, contribute significantly to economic growth in African countries. Part of the positive effect of mobile phone penetration on growth comes from greater financial inclusion. At the same time, the development of mobile phones consolidates the impact of financial inclusion on economic growth, especially in countries where mobile financial services take hold.
Annotation 'Contribution of Information and Communication Technologies to Growth' is part of the World Bank Working Paper series. These papers are published to communicate the results of the Bank's ongoing research and to stimulate public discussion. The worldwide development of information and communication technology (ICT) has accelerated dramatically over the past decade. Technological advances and increased competition have led to falling prices for ICT goods and services, which has provided a strong incentive to replace other forms of capital and labor with information technology equipment. Increased ICT production and use has the potential to create job opportunities, transfer skills, and increase efficiency and transparency in politics and business, and therefore, contribute to economic growth. This paper focuses on the linkage between ICT and output growth. It summarizes findings in the literature on the contribution of information and communication technology to economic growth arising from capital deepening and increases in total factor productivity. The paper contains: - The methodologies used to evaluate the different ways ICT influences productivity growth; - A critical assessment of the magnitude of ICT's contribution to growth in various countries; - A summary of the key factors that increase and obstruct ICT expansion; and - An outline of the challenges developing countries face in maximizing ICT's contribution to growth and policy recommendations aimed at surmounting these challenges.
This paper considers key factors in the contribution of information and communication technology (ICT) developments to economic growth. Issues discussed include: methodologies used to evaluate how ICT influences productivity growth; a critical assessment of its contribution to growth in various countries; factors that increase and obstruct ICT expansion; the challenges developing countries face in realising the growth potential of ICTs and policy recommendations aimed at surmounting these challenges.
In 2000, at the height of the new economy, information and communications technology (ICT) was hailed as a technology that would radically transform OECD economies and bring large economic benefits. The recent slowdown has laid to rest several of the myths surrounding ICT: the business cycle is not dead, stock market valuations must be backed by profits, and the ICT sector is not immune to downturns. But this should not distract from the structural changes and economic benefits that have already accompanied the spread of ICT and that continue to this date. This report examines the impacts of ICT on business performance and the policies that can help seize its benefits. It examines the impacts that ICT has already had on economic performance, analyses why some countries have invested more in ICT than others and why only some countries have thus far clearly seen its benefits. It argues that ICT remains an important technology for the years ahead, as ICT networks have now spread throughout the economy. What counts now is how the technology should be made to work. The book argues forcefully that ICT is no panacea but a technology that can help business transform and enhance performance. But this transformation will only occur in a competitive environment, and when investments in ICT are accompanied by organisational changes, investment in skills and good management. The book argues for a comprehensive policy strategy to seize the benefits of ICT.
The New Economy in Development presents conceptual and empirical analyses of the opportunities offered by information and communications technologies (ICT). Contributors include scholars and policy makers from international organizations, and the chapters include understudied cases from Africa, Latin America, Eastern Europe and Asia.
This book provides an extensive overview of the diffusion of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) in developing countries between 2000 and 2012. It covers issues such as country-specific ICT diffusion patterns, technological substitution and technological convergence. By identifying social, economic and institutional prerequisites and analyzing critical country-specific conditions, the author develops a new approach to explaining the emergence of their technological takeoff. Readers will discover how developing countries are now adopting ICTs, rapidly catching up with the developed world in terms of ICT access and use.