[PDF] Health Risks Of Indoor Exposure To Fine Particulate Matter And Practical Mitigation Solutions eBook

Author : National Academies of Sciences Engineering and Medicine
Publisher :
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 45,82 MB
Release : 2024-02-19
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309712750

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Schools, workplaces, businesses, and even homes are places where someone could be subjected to particulate matter (PM) ? a mixture of solid particles and liquid droplets found in the air. PM is a ubiquitous pollutant comprising a complex and ever-changing combination of chemicals, dust, and biologic materials such as allergens. Of special concern is fine particulate matter (PM2.5), PM with a diameter of 2.5 microns ( Health Risks of Indoor Exposure to Fine Particulate Matter and Practical Mitigation Solutions explores the state-of the-science on the health risks of exposure to fine particulate matter indoors along with engineering solutions and interventions to reduce risks of exposure to it, including practical mitigation strategies. This report offers recommendations to reduce population exposure to PM2.5, to reduce health impacts on susceptible populations including the elderly, young children, and those with pre-existing conditions, and to address important knowledge gaps.

Author : National Academy of Engineering
Publisher :
Page : 173 pages
File Size : 32,91 MB
Release : 2022-10-26
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780309263283

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Overwhelming evidence exists that exposure to outdoor fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is associated with a range of short-term and chronic health impacts, including asthma exacerbation, acute and chronic bronchitis, heart attacks, increased susceptibility to respiratory infections, and premature death, with the burden of these health effects falling more heavily on underserved and marginalized communities. Although less studied to date, indoor exposure to PM2.5 is also gaining attention as a potential source of adverse health effects, particularly given that Americans spend 90 percent of their lives indoors and indoor PM2.5 levels can exceed outdoor levels. To better understand the sources of indoor PM2.5, the possible health effects of exposure to indoor PM2.5, and engineering approaches and interventions to reduce those exposure risks, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a virtual workshop, Indoor Exposure to Fine Particulate Matter and Practical Mitigation Approaches, on April 14, 21, and 28, 2021. The workshop focused on exposures that occur in residential and school buildings and on existing and practical mitigation technologies and approaches. This publication summarizes the presentation and discussion of the workshop.

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 159 pages
File Size : 39,27 MB
Release : 2016-10-26
Category : Medical
ISBN : 0309443628

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The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) defines PM as a mixture of extremely small particles and liquid droplets comprising a number of components, including "acids (such as nitrates and sulfates), organic chemicals, metals, soil or dust particles, and allergens (such as fragments of pollen and mold spores)". The health effects of outdoor exposure to particulate matter (PM) are the subject of both research attention and regulatory action. Although much less studied to date, indoor exposure to PM is gaining attention as a potential source of adverse health effects. Indoor PM can originate from outdoor particles and also from various indoor sources, including heating, cooking, and smoking. Levels of indoor PM have the potential to exceed outdoor PM levels. Understanding the major features and subtleties of indoor exposures to particles of outdoor origin can improve our understanding of the exposureâ€"response relationship on which ambient air pollutant standards are based. The EPA's Indoor Environments Division commissioned the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine to hold a workshop examining the issue of indoor exposure to PM more comprehensively and considering both the health risks and possible intervention strategies. Participants discussed the ailments that are most affected by particulate matter and the attributes of the exposures that are of greatest concern, exposure modifiers, vulnerable populations, exposure assessment, risk management, and gaps in the science. This report summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop.

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 553 pages
File Size : 23,39 MB
Release : 1981-01-01
Category : Medical
ISBN :

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Discusses pollution from tobacco smoke, radon and radon progeny, asbestos and other fibers, formaldehyde, indoor combustion, aeropathogens and allergens, consumer products, moisture, microwave radiation, ultraviolet radiation, odors, radioactivity, and dirt and discusses means of controlling or eliminating them.

Author : Natasha Hodas
Publisher :
Page : 293 pages
File Size : 26,62 MB
Release : 2014
Category : Environmental toxicology
ISBN :

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Exposure to ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is associated with multiple negative health outcomes. Studies investigating these associations commonly use PM2.5 concentrations measured at outdoor, central-site monitors to estimate exposure. Because people spend the majority of time indoors, however, the variable efficiency with which ambient PM2.5 penetrates and persists indoors is a source of error in epidemiologic analyses. This error generally results in an underestimation of health effects, hampering the detection of associations between ambient PM2.5 exposures and the risk of health outcomes. To reduce this error, practical methods to model indoor concentrations of ambient PM2.5 are needed. This dissertation contributes to exposure science by advancing existing models of residential exposure to ambient PM2.5 and by improving the robustness and accessibility of these tools. First, drivers of variability in the fraction of ambient PM2.5 found indoors (F) are identified and the potential for this variability to explain observed heterogeneity in PM-mediated health-effect estimates is explored. Next, a physically-based mass-balance model and modeling tools that account for variability in human activity patterns (e.g. time spent in various indoor and outdoor environments) are used to compute ambient PM2.5 exposures that account for the modification of PM2.5 with outdoor-to-indoor transport in order to explore whether the use of these refined exposure surrogates reduces error and bias in epidemiologic analyses. Subsequently, this outdoor-to-indoor transport model is evaluated and refined using measured indoor and outdoor PM2.5 concentrations and air exchange rates, providing a practical and robust tool for reducing exposure misclassification in epidemiologic studies. Finally, the volatility basis set is used for the first time to study shifts in the gas-particle partitioning of ambient organics with transport indoors. This dissertation provides guidance regarding measurements and data most critically needed to facilitate the prediction of refined exposure surrogates in large epidemiological studies and, thus, informs the design of future sampling campaigns and epidemiologic studies. It enables a better accounting of ambient particle penetration into and persistence in the indoor environment and constitutes an important advancement in the efforts to reduce exposure error in epidemiologic studies and to elucidate relationships between PM2.5 exposure and adverse health outcomes.

Author : Matti Jantunen
Publisher : WHO Regional Office Europe
Page : 168 pages
File Size : 35,58 MB
Release : 1997
Category : Air
ISBN : 9789289013420

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Most people spend most of their time indoors, and the poor quality of the indoor environment is a strong determinant of a variety of health problems. The principal way of preventing adverse health effects is to eliminate exposure to hazardous factors. But first, standardized methods of assessing exposure are necessary to assess the risk to health and to select optimal risk management actions. This book aims to facilitate the implementation of exposure assessment methods in public health practice.

Author :
Publisher :
Page : pages
File Size : 24,38 MB
Release : 2007
Category :
ISBN :

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Exposure to ambient fine particulate matter and health effects in the Medicare population.

Author : Taneja Ajay
Publisher : LAP Lambert Academic Publishing
Page : 92 pages
File Size : 43,20 MB
Release : 2015-06-15
Category :
ISBN : 9783659585296

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Most of the data available for particulate is especially for outdoors. Most of the people spend their time indoors, where exposure to majority air pollution is quite different from that of outdoors. Deterioration of indoor air quality with income growth made many feel concerned about the issue of the pollution-income growth relationship. The possible role of socioeconomic status appears of particular interest, especially after the findings that emerged a chronic health effects of indoor air pollution. It is well known fact that persons of lower income group have generally poorer health than people living in middle and high income group homes, because of limited resources and unhealthy modes of dusting, cleaning and cooking on traditional unvented mud stoves, so people belonging to low socioeconomic status may receive higher exposure to air pollution than middle and high income group peoples. Therefore, understanding of chemical and morphological composition of fine particulate matter is critical for the assessment of policy interventions to reduce adverse health effects

Author : Elizabeth L. Anderson
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 272 pages
File Size : 26,43 MB
Release : 2019-04-30
Category : Nature
ISBN : 9781420048476

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With the recent tightening of air quality standards as mandated by the U.S. EPA, has come great pressure on regulatory bodies at all levels of government, along with the industries and groups affected by these standards, to better assess the hazards and risks that result from air pollutants. Risk Assessment and Indoor Air Quality carefully ties tog

Author : Hermann Fromme
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 587 pages
File Size : 45,77 MB
Release : 2023-11-29
Category : Science
ISBN : 303140078X

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This book presents a comprehensive and detailed overview of indoor pollution, covering the main contaminants in the indoor environment – air and dust, the health aspects of exposure, and different possibilities for a risk assessment. The book outlines the chemical substances and physical and biological factors that occur more frequently indoors, which are of health significance, or for which only limited information on their occurrence indoors is available to date. It also provides guidance to identify where problems may arise in the future and where data is missing for a valid exposure and risk assessment as well as for consequent risk management. Written by a highly recognized and experienced medical expert in the field, the book starts with an introduction to the indoor environment, including topics such as indoor environmental quality and health, indoor climate, sampling of indoor pollutants, and measures to improve indoor air quality. The author then delves into the fundamentals of exposure assessment and special exposure indoor situations, followed by in-depth coverage of the health aspects, and indoor air occurrence of several substances such as volatile organic compounds, very volatile organic compounds, semi-volatile organic compounds, and particulate matters and fibers. Particular attention is given to bioaerosols like mold, microbial volatile organic compounds, mycotoxins, and viruses. Readers will also find chapters devoted to the main health aspects and indoor occurrence of inorganic gases, radon and metals, and smoking. The book closes with a chapter on risk assessment, in which readers will learn more about the basics of risk assessment, key points and processes of a health evaluation, and guidance for assessing indoor air contamination. This book is a unique compilation of the current worldwide exposure situation in private and public indoor spaces, and an important reference for researchers that are willing to assess the rising burden of disease and potential causes behind degraded indoor air quality. Scientists, students, and policymakers interested in the fields of medicine and environmental sciences will understand the appeal of this book.