[PDF] Handbook Of Satisfiability eBook

Author : A. Biere
Publisher : IOS Press
Page : 1486 pages
File Size : 26,24 MB
Release : 2021-05-05
Category : Computers
ISBN : 1643681613

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Propositional logic has been recognized throughout the centuries as one of the cornerstones of reasoning in philosophy and mathematics. Over time, its formalization into Boolean algebra was accompanied by the recognition that a wide range of combinatorial problems can be expressed as propositional satisfiability (SAT) problems. Because of this dual role, SAT developed into a mature, multi-faceted scientific discipline, and from the earliest days of computing a search was underway to discover how to solve SAT problems in an automated fashion. This book, the Handbook of Satisfiability, is the second, updated and revised edition of the book first published in 2009 under the same name. The handbook aims to capture the full breadth and depth of SAT and to bring together significant progress and advances in automated solving. Topics covered span practical and theoretical research on SAT and its applications and include search algorithms, heuristics, analysis of algorithms, hard instances, randomized formulae, problem encodings, industrial applications, solvers, simplifiers, tools, case studies and empirical results. SAT is interpreted in a broad sense, so as well as propositional satisfiability, there are chapters covering the domain of quantified Boolean formulae (QBF), constraints programming techniques (CSP) for word-level problems and their propositional encoding, and satisfiability modulo theories (SMT). An extensive bibliography completes each chapter. This second edition of the handbook will be of interest to researchers, graduate students, final-year undergraduates, and practitioners using or contributing to SAT, and will provide both an inspiration and a rich resource for their work. Edmund Clarke, 2007 ACM Turing Award Recipient: "SAT solving is a key technology for 21st century computer science." Donald Knuth, 1974 ACM Turing Award Recipient: "SAT is evidently a killer app, because it is key to the solution of so many other problems." Stephen Cook, 1982 ACM Turing Award Recipient: "The SAT problem is at the core of arguably the most fundamental question in computer science: What makes a problem hard?"

Author : Frank van Harmelen
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 1035 pages
File Size : 17,49 MB
Release : 2008-01-08
Category : Computers
ISBN : 0080557023

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Handbook of Knowledge Representation describes the essential foundations of Knowledge Representation, which lies at the core of Artificial Intelligence (AI). The book provides an up-to-date review of twenty-five key topics in knowledge representation, written by the leaders of each field. It includes a tutorial background and cutting-edge developments, as well as applications of Knowledge Representation in a variety of AI systems. This handbook is organized into three parts. Part I deals with general methods in Knowledge Representation and reasoning and covers such topics as classical logic in Knowledge Representation; satisfiability solvers; description logics; constraint programming; conceptual graphs; nonmonotonic reasoning; model-based problem solving; and Bayesian networks. Part II focuses on classes of knowledge and specialized representations, with chapters on temporal representation and reasoning; spatial and physical reasoning; reasoning about knowledge and belief; temporal action logics; and nonmonotonic causal logic. Part III discusses Knowledge Representation in applications such as question answering; the semantic web; automated planning; cognitive robotics; multi-agent systems; and knowledge engineering. This book is an essential resource for graduate students, researchers, and practitioners in knowledge representation and AI. * Make your computer smarter* Handle qualitative and uncertain information* Improve computational tractability to solve your problems easily

Author : Edmund M. Clarke
Publisher : Springer
Page : 1210 pages
File Size : 33,72 MB
Release : 2018-05-18
Category : Computers
ISBN : 3319105752

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Model checking is a computer-assisted method for the analysis of dynamical systems that can be modeled by state-transition systems. Drawing from research traditions in mathematical logic, programming languages, hardware design, and theoretical computer science, model checking is now widely used for the verification of hardware and software in industry. The editors and authors of this handbook are among the world's leading researchers in this domain, and the 32 contributed chapters present a thorough view of the origin, theory, and application of model checking. In particular, the editors classify the advances in this domain and the chapters of the handbook in terms of two recurrent themes that have driven much of the research agenda: the algorithmic challenge, that is, designing model-checking algorithms that scale to real-life problems; and the modeling challenge, that is, extending the formalism beyond Kripke structures and temporal logic. The book will be valuable for researchers and graduate students engaged with the development of formal methods and verification tools.

Author : Larry Berger
Publisher : Workman Publishing
Page : 337 pages
File Size : 39,29 MB
Release : 2014-07-15
Category : Study Aids
ISBN : 0761181415

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More college-bound seniors than ever are taking the SAT—in 2012, 1.66 million of them. Up Your Score: SAT is the only guide written for students, by students. Filled with expert advice and proven strategies, it injects a feisty attitude into the dry business of test prep, fending off test anxiety with humor. Its four authors and guest editor achieved perfect or near-perfect scores and attended the colleges of their choice, and the book shows readers how they can do the same. Discover the eight core ways the test approaches math. Learn 600 key vocabulary words with proven tricks to make definitions memorable. Master the 13 most important grammar rules, and find out how to prepare your essay in advance. Plus, Up Your Score shows how to “psych out” the test. How to think like the SAT. The best ways to fill in answer circles and other strategies to save precious minutes. Tips for maintaining concentration. Why it’s always better to guess than to leave a question unanswered. And a recipe for energy-boosting Sweet & Tasty 800 Bars. Up Your Score is the inexpensive complement—and reality check—to the institutional tomes by Princeton Review and Kaplan. It’s the guerrilla guide that students recommend to each other—the only one kids actually want to use. But don’t take our word for it—check out these posts from Up Your Score’s Facebook page: “OMG, with this book, my second SAT score went up 220 points from my first score . . . thanks for the awesome tips. everyone should buy this book!:)” “Just bought the book for my SAT test . . . I’m already laughing and it’s making studying a little less terrible “I got a 1900 partly because of you guys, thank you SO much!”

Author : A. Biere
Publisher :
Page : 1484 pages
File Size : 18,90 MB
Release : 2021-05-05
Category :
ISBN : 9781643681603

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Propositional logic has been recognized throughout the centuries as one of the cornerstones of reasoning in philosophy and mathematics. Over time, its formalization into Boolean algebra was accompanied by the recognition that a wide range of combinatorial problems can be expressed as propositional satisfiability (SAT) problems. Because of this dual role, SAT developed into a mature, multi-faceted scientific discipline, and from the earliest days of computing a search was underway to discover how to solve SAT problems in an automated fashion.This book, the Handbook of Satisfiability, is the second, updated and revised edition of the book first published in 2009 under the same name. The handbook aims to capture the full breadth and depth of SAT and to bring together significant progress and advances in automated solving. Topics covered span practical and theoretical research on SAT and its applications and include search algorithms, heuristics, analysis of algorithms, hard instances, randomized formulae, problem encodings, industrial applications, solvers, simplifiers, tools, case studies and empirical results. SAT is interpreted in a broad sense, so as well as propositional satisfiability, there are chapters covering the domain of quantified Boolean formulae (QBF), constraints programming techniques (CSP) for word-level problems and their propositional encoding, and satisfiability modulo theories (SMT). An extensive bibliography completes each chapter.This second edition of the handbook will be of interest to researchers, graduate students, final-year undergraduates, and practitioners using or contributing to SAT, and will provide both an inspiration and a rich resource for their work.Edmund Clarke, 2007 ACM Turing Award Recipient: "SAT solving is a key technology for 21st century computer science."Donald Knuth, 1974 ACM Turing Award Recipient:"SAT is evidently a killer app, because it is key to the solution of so many other problems."Stephen Cook, 1982 ACM Turing Award Recipient:"The SAT problem is at the core of arguably the most fundamental question in computer science: What makes a problem hard?"

Author : Luc Mehl
Publisher : Mountaineers Books
Page : 406 pages
File Size : 35,70 MB
Release : 2022-01-12
Category : Sports & Recreation
ISBN : 1680516035

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"A staple for paddlers.... [The Packraft Handbook has] now become the bible for outdoor recreators taking their inflatable rafts into the backcountry." ― Anchorage Daily News 2021 National Outdoor Book Award Winner in Outdoor Adventure Guides 2022 Banff Mountain Book Competition Guidebook Winner Alaska-based author is a leading expert on wilderness travel Emphasis on skill progression and safety applies to wide range of outdoor water recreation Vibrant illustrations and photos inform and inspire The Packraft Handbook is a comprehensive guide to packrafting, with a strong emphasis on skill progression and safety. Readers will learn to maneuver through river features and open water, mitigate risk with trip planning and boat control, and how to react when things go wrong. Beginners will find everything they need to know to get started--from packraft care to proper paddling position as well as what to wear and how to communicate. Illustrated for visual learners and featuring stunning photography, The Packraft Handbook has something to offer all packrafters and other whitewater sports enthusiasts.

Author : Francesca Rossi
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 977 pages
File Size : 38,62 MB
Release : 2006-08-18
Category : Computers
ISBN : 0080463800

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Constraint programming is a powerful paradigm for solving combinatorial search problems that draws on a wide range of techniques from artificial intelligence, computer science, databases, programming languages, and operations research. Constraint programming is currently applied with success to many domains, such as scheduling, planning, vehicle routing, configuration, networks, and bioinformatics.The aim of this handbook is to capture the full breadth and depth of the constraint programming field and to be encyclopedic in its scope and coverage. While there are several excellent books on constraint programming, such books necessarily focus on the main notions and techniques and cannot cover also extensions, applications, and languages. The handbook gives a reasonably complete coverage of all these lines of work, based on constraint programming, so that a reader can have a rather precise idea of the whole field and its potential. Of course each line of work is dealt with in a survey-like style, where some details may be neglected in favor of coverage. However, the extensive bibliography of each chapter will help the interested readers to find suitable sources for the missing details. Each chapter of the handbook is intended to be a self-contained survey of a topic, and is written by one or more authors who are leading researchers in the area.The intended audience of the handbook is researchers, graduate students, higher-year undergraduates and practitioners who wish to learn about the state-of-the-art in constraint programming. No prior knowledge about the field is necessary to be able to read the chapters and gather useful knowledge. Researchers from other fields should find in this handbook an effective way to learn about constraint programming and to possibly use some of the constraint programming concepts and techniques in their work, thus providing a means for a fruitful cross-fertilization among different research areas.The handbook is organized in two parts. The first part covers the basic foundations of constraint programming, including the history, the notion of constraint propagation, basic search methods, global constraints, tractability and computational complexity, and important issues in modeling a problem as a constraint problem. The second part covers constraint languages and solver, several useful extensions to the basic framework (such as interval constraints, structured domains, and distributed CSPs), and successful application areas for constraint programming. - Covers the whole field of constraint programming- Survey-style chapters- Five chapters on applications

Author : Schöning, Uwe
Publisher : Lehmanns Media
Page : 184 pages
File Size : 43,41 MB
Release : 2013-01-01
Category : Algorithms
ISBN : 3865416489

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The satisfiability problem of propositional logic, SAT for short, is the first algorithmic problem that was shown to be NP-complete, and is the cornerstone of virtually all NP-completeness proofs. The SAT problem consists of deciding whether a given Boolean formula has a “solution”, in the sense of an assignment to the variables making the entire formula to evaluate to true. Over the last few years very powerful algorithms have been devised being able to solve SAT problems with hundreds of thousands of variables. For difficult (or randomly generated) formulas these algorithms can be compared to the proverbial search for the needle in a haystack. This book explains how such algorithms work, for example, by exploiting the structure of the SAT problem with an appropriate logical calculus, like resolution. But also algorithms based on “physical” principles are considered. I was delighted to see how nicely the authors were able to cover such a variety of topics with elegance. I cannot resist saying that the introduction to SAT on page 9 is absolutely the best I ever expect to see in any book! Donald E. Knuth, Stanford University This book gives lucid descriptions of algorithms for SAT that are better than you would think! A must-read for anyone in theory. William Gasarch, University of Maryland It was a wonderful surprise to see a deep mathematical analysis of important algorithms for SAT presented so clearly and concisely. This is an excellent introductory book for studying the foundations of constraint satisfaction. Osamu Watanabe, Tokyo Institute of Technology

Author : Ding-Zhu Du
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 395 pages
File Size : 24,42 MB
Release : 2006-08-18
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 0387238301

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This is a supplementary volume to the major three-volume Handbook of Combinatorial Optimization set. It can also be regarded as a stand-alone volume presenting chapters dealing with various aspects of the subject in a self-contained way.

Author : Youssef Hamadi
Publisher : Springer
Page : 687 pages
File Size : 24,49 MB
Release : 2018-04-05
Category : Computers
ISBN : 3319635166

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This is the first book presenting a broad overview of parallelism in constraint-based reasoning formalisms. In recent years, an increasing number of contributions have been made on scaling constraint reasoning thanks to parallel architectures. The goal in this book is to overview these achievements in a concise way, assuming the reader is familiar with the classical, sequential background. It presents work demonstrating the use of multiple resources from single machine multi-core and GPU-based computations to very large scale distributed execution platforms up to 80,000 processing units. The contributions in the book cover the most important and recent contributions in parallel propositional satisfiability (SAT), maximum satisfiability (MaxSAT), quantified Boolean formulas (QBF), satisfiability modulo theory (SMT), theorem proving (TP), answer set programming (ASP), mixed integer linear programming (MILP), constraint programming (CP), stochastic local search (SLS), optimal path finding with A*, model checking for linear-time temporal logic (MC/LTL), binary decision diagrams (BDD), and model-based diagnosis (MBD). The book is suitable for researchers, graduate students, advanced undergraduates, and practitioners who wish to learn about the state of the art in parallel constraint reasoning.