[PDF] Gaseous Carbon Waste Streams Utilization eBook

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 257 pages
File Size : 26,70 MB
Release : 2019-01-22
Category : Science
ISBN : 0309483395

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In the quest to mitigate the buildup of greenhouse gases in Earth's atmosphere, researchers and policymakers have increasingly turned their attention to techniques for capturing greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and methane, either from the locations where they are emitted or directly from the atmosphere. Once captured, these gases can be stored or put to use. While both carbon storage and carbon utilization have costs, utilization offers the opportunity to recover some of the cost and even generate economic value. While current carbon utilization projects operate at a relatively small scale, some estimates suggest the market for waste carbon-derived products could grow to hundreds of billions of dollars within a few decades, utilizing several thousand teragrams of waste carbon gases per year. Gaseous Carbon Waste Streams Utilization: Status and Research Needs assesses research and development needs relevant to understanding and improving the commercial viability of waste carbon utilization technologies and defines a research agenda to address key challenges. The report is intended to help inform decision making surrounding the development and deployment of waste carbon utilization technologies under a variety of circumstances, whether motivated by a goal to improve processes for making carbon-based products, to generate revenue, or to achieve environmental goals.

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 257 pages
File Size : 21,22 MB
Release : 2019-02-22
Category : Science
ISBN : 0309483360

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In the quest to mitigate the buildup of greenhouse gases in Earth's atmosphere, researchers and policymakers have increasingly turned their attention to techniques for capturing greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and methane, either from the locations where they are emitted or directly from the atmosphere. Once captured, these gases can be stored or put to use. While both carbon storage and carbon utilization have costs, utilization offers the opportunity to recover some of the cost and even generate economic value. While current carbon utilization projects operate at a relatively small scale, some estimates suggest the market for waste carbon-derived products could grow to hundreds of billions of dollars within a few decades, utilizing several thousand teragrams of waste carbon gases per year. Gaseous Carbon Waste Streams Utilization: Status and Research Needs assesses research and development needs relevant to understanding and improving the commercial viability of waste carbon utilization technologies and defines a research agenda to address key challenges. The report is intended to help inform decision making surrounding the development and deployment of waste carbon utilization technologies under a variety of circumstances, whether motivated by a goal to improve processes for making carbon-based products, to generate revenue, or to achieve environmental goals.

Author : Malti Goel
Publisher : Springer
Page : 303 pages
File Size : 48,79 MB
Release : 2017-03-28
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9811033528

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This book provides in-depth information on topics relating to anthropogenic carbon dioxide utilization processes. Presenting a collection of state-of-the-art scientific reviews and research perspectives on carbon management strategies of relevance to the energy industry, it features contributions by leading scientists and technocrats across 19 chapters as an Indian contribution In the energy industry, new processes for carbon dioxide removal and recycling are developing quickly, and it is in this context that the book provides an opportunity to review the current status of and promote efforts to achieve effective carbon capture and management. The contents presented here will prove useful to researchers, students, industry experts, scientists and policymakers alike.

Author : National Academies of Sciences Engineering and Medicine
Publisher :
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 35,65 MB
Release : 2025-05-07
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780309717755

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National and international plans for halting and reversing climate change focus on reducing and eventually ending the largest source of greenhouse gas emissions: carbon dioxide (CO2) released by fossil fuel combustion. However, as the nation moves towards replacing many fossil CO2-emitting processes with zero- or low-carbon-emission alternatives, special attention is needed to eliminate net carbon emissions from the systems that cannot be fully "decarbonized", such as the production of aviation fuel, chemicals, plastics, and construction materials. For these systems, carbon will need to be managed and utilized effectively, in a way that either prevents CO2 from entering the atmosphere or reuses it through circular processes that do not contribute additional emissions. Carbon Utilization Infrastructure, Markets, and Research and Development: A Final Report is the second report of a two-part study. The study's first report assessed the state of infrastructure for CO2 transportation, use, and storage, highlighting priority opportunities for further investment. This second report identifies potential markets and commercialization opportunities for CO2- and coal waste-derived products, examines economic, environmental, and climate impacts of CO2 utilization infrastructure, and puts forward a comprehensive research agenda for carbon utilization technologies.

Author : Karine Ballerat-Busserolles
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 388 pages
File Size : 42,20 MB
Release : 2018-04-20
Category : Science
ISBN : 1119363721

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Compiled from a conference on this important subject by three of the most well-known and respected editors in the industry, this volume provides some of the latest technologies related to carbon capture, utilization and, storage (CCUS). Of the 36 billon tons of carbon dioxide (CO2) being emitted into Earth's atmosphere every year, only 40 million tons are able to be captured and stored. This is just a fraction of what needs to be captured, if this technology is going to make any headway in the global march toward reversing, or at least reducing, climate change. CO2 capture and storage has long been touted as one of the leading technologies for reducing global carbon emissions, and, even though it is being used effectively now, it is still an emerging technology that is constantly changing. This volume, a collection of papers presented during the Cutting-Edge Technology for Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage (CETCCUS), held in Clermont-Ferrand, France in the fall of 2017, is dedicated to these technologies that surround CO2 capture. Written by some of the most well-known engineers and scientists in the world on this topic, the editors, also globally known, have chosen the most important and cutting-edge papers that address these issues to present in this groundbreaking new volume, which follows their industry-leading series, Advances in Natural Gas Engineering, a seven-volume series also available from Wiley-Scrivener. With the ratification of the Paris Agreement, many countries are now committing to making real progress toward reducing carbon emissions, and this technology is, as has been discussed for years, one of the most important technologies for doing that. This volume is a must-have for any engineer or scientist working in this field.

Author : Karmyn Laverghetta Garcia
Publisher :
Page : 57 pages
File Size : 19,25 MB
Release : 2011
Category :
ISBN :

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Global climate change is an issue of increasing public health concern, as levels of atmospheric greenhouse gases [GHG] continue to rise. Vector-born disease, air pollution, and heat-related deaths are projected to grow as global temperatures increase. Higher frequency and severity of weather events such as droughts, floods, and fires will threaten resources for fresh water, food and shelter. Although carbon dioxide (CO2) is the main GHG implicated for climate change, methane (CH4) is also a major GHG, 72 times more potent than CO2 over 20 years. As organic waste decomposes in landfills, the biogas produced is 50% CO2 and 50% CH4. Landfills emit a significant amount of U.S. CH4 emissions. Recycling programs focus on diverting waste from landfills; however, recycling processes also emit GHGs. The USEPA's Waste Reduction Model (WARM) provides material-specific GHG emissions estimates that result from changes in waste management practices for 40 different waste materials. Healthcare is a sector that produces significant amounts of waste. Hospitals are under financial pressure, with few resources available to startup and staff solid waste recycling programs. Programs that have begun must prove to be a beneficial use of resources. The objectives of this research were to calculate rates of recycling and waste disposal at 5 hospitals in San Diego County, to quantify net GHG emissions from current waste management efforts, and to identify healthcare waste streams with the greatest opportunity for GHG emissions reductions, through waste minimization and/or source reduction. Average recycling rate (RR) for San Diego County hospitals was 25.7%. Using WARM, net GHG emissions (alt-base) for San Diego County hospitals waste management activities were estimated to be 3,778.38 metric tons (MT) carbon dioxide equivalents (CO2Eq) per year. Waste streams with greatest opportunity for GHG emissions reductions were "Office Paper" and "Computers." It was found that if San Diego County hospitals reduced office (copy) paper usage by 50% and extended the working life of computers for one year (without recycling or replacing), net GHG emissions (as compared to a baseline recycling scenario) would be ( -18,802.39) MTCO2Eq. A 50% reduction in Office Paper usage alone would result in 8.96 lbs less CO2 emissions per staffed bed per day. This study's results illustrate that maximum potential GHG emissions savings was achieved through a combination of adjustments to waste management practices: a simple recipe of recycling, waste minimization and source reduction. More specifically, an average hospital can reduce GHG emissions by over 1,000 MT CO2Eq per year by establishing (1) a baseline recycling program of at least 25%, (2) waste minimization of 10-20%, (3) source reduction of office (copy) paper by 50%, and (4) extending the life of computers by one year.

Author : Edward A. Arens
Publisher :
Page : 68 pages
File Size : 46,24 MB
Release : 2014
Category : Greenhouse gas mitigation
ISBN :

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This report quantifies, for the first time, the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions co--benefits associated with water, waste and transportation usage in certified green commercial office buildings in California. The study compares the measured values of water, waste and transportation usage self--reported by a set of office buildings certified under the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design rating system for Existing Building Operations and Maintenance (LEED--EBOM) to both baseline values of conventional California office buildings and predicted values based upon state standards for green buildings and GHG impact prediction methods. The green buildings in the LEED--EBOM dataset produced 50% less GHGs due to water consumption than baseline buildings, 48% less due to solid waste management, and 5% less due to transportation. If applied to the entire California office building stock, performance typical of the certified green buildings would save 0.703 MMTCO2e/yr from transportation, 0.084 MMTCO2e/yr from water, and 0.044 MMTCO2e/yr from waste, for a total potential savings of about 0.831 MMTCO2e/yr relative to conventional construction. In addition, buildings earning additional credits for specified performance thresholds for water and waste in the LEED--EBOM code attained performance levels even higher than required by the code provisions, suggesting that such code provisions in other contexts may help incentivize larger GHG emissions reductions than anticipated.

Author : Vasudevan Rajaram
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 408 pages
File Size : 38,16 MB
Release : 2011-12-15
Category : Science
ISBN : 0415664748

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Converting old landfills to energy producing sites, while capturing emitted greenhouse gases, has faced numerous technical, financial and social challenges and developments lately. Also, the re-mining of landfills to recover useful land in dense urban areas and proper landfill closure has been a subject of discussion and investigation. Designed as an overview text for landfill management from cradle to grave, this volume’s content stretches from the fundamentals to the rather indepth details. By putting down their joint international experience, the authors have intended to both guide and inspire the user for his or her landfill project. Introducing the fundamental concepts of landfill gas management and its needs and importance in the present world energy scenario, this accessible reference volume presents key landfill gas management techniques at regional, national and global levels. In detail, it gives an account of the recent technologies available for landfill gas treatment and its utilization. It summarizes landfill gas prediction models developed in various parts of the world and details their adequacy in various field conditions. Covering both landfill remediation aspects and economic considerations while selecting a landfill gas to energy utilization project, the reader gets familiar with the practical aspects of converting a landfill site. Also, the challenges faced by municipalities and landfill operators in recovering landfill gas as an energy source are described, and solutions are suggested for solving them effectively. These include practical execution problems, governmental issues, and developing policies to encourage investment. The volume also includes various case studies of landfill gas-to-energy utilization projects from around the world, which can be reviewed and customized for the reader’s own application with the help of extensive reference section. Intended as an overview text for advanced students and researchers in the relevant engineering and technology fields (Environmental, Civil, Geotechnical, Chemical, Mechanical and Electrical), this book will also be particularly helpful to practitioners such as municipal managers, landfill operators, designers, solid waste management engineers, urban planners, professional consultants, scientists, non-governmental organizations and entrepreneurs.

Author : Piet Lens
Publisher : IWA Publishing
Page : 512 pages
File Size : 17,98 MB
Release : 2006-07-31
Category : Science
ISBN : 1843391279

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The prevention of over-exploitation and the efficient use of natural resources are key goals of environmental managment in Industry. Waste Gas Treatment for Resource Recovery presents the reader with technical, ecological and economical aspects of gaseous effluent treatment and resource recovery. Practical experience from industry and agriculture is presented, the role of newly developed advanced technology in future recycling of gas streams discussed and attention given to criteria for sustainability in gas treatment. Detailed analysis of material flows, novel process applications and bioreactor designs, odour quantification and removal process techniques and European legislations for waste gas discharge and recovery are highlights of the extensive and comprehensive coverage of this book. Waste Gas Treatment for Resource Recovery will enable production, process and environmental engineers and managers to evaluate internal recycling possibilities, which contribute to an economically and environmentally friendly manufacturing processes with reduced pollution loads and waste gas volumes. Analysis of material flows, e.g. the development of methodologies and techniques to monitor the use and flow of materials on a life cycle basis Novel process applications and bioreactor designs for resource recovery from waste gases Odour quantification techniques and novel odour removal processes European dimension of polluted gas streams and the European legislation for waste gas discharges and recovery

Author : Manfred Kircher
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 412 pages
File Size : 42,96 MB
Release : 2024-02-20
Category : Science
ISBN : 3031278119

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Climate protection and raw material change require new, sustainable carbon sources for the chemical and fuel industries. In fact, processes that recycle carbon-containing emission and gas streams industrially are reaching industrial practice. They will make an important contribution to reducing carbon emissions and moving towards a true carbon circular economy. This book describes the basics of chemical and biotechnological processes for converting CO and CO2 into chemicals and fuels. Furthermore, it addresses potentials for the manufacturing economy, industrial sites and regions and answers the following questions. Which emission and gas streams offer feedstock potential? What processes are already implemented, being tested and under development? What products can be made from gaseous carbon sources? How can carbon emitting and consuming industries be linked into new value chains? What is the regulatory framework? What does the ecological footprint look like? How do the new processes contribute to the regional economy and thus to social acceptance among consumers and among decision-makers in companies and politics? Providing companies with sustainable carbon sources is a central question of the circular economy, which must be answered with technical processes, new cross-sector value chains, adapted infrastructure and further developed framework conditions. This concerns scientists and decision-makers in companies alike. In this book, they as well as interested laymen will find a comprehensive overview of the state of the art in both, technology and research, and of the overriding issues involved in establishing CO2 and CO as feedstocks.