[PDF] Functional Significance Of Endophyte Communities From A Conifer Forest eBook

Author : Mary E. Ridout
Publisher :
Page : 274 pages
File Size : 33,81 MB
Release : 2014
Category : Conifers
ISBN :

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The microbiome of the conifer forest may be functionally significant in forest hosts, the forest itself, and in agricultural fields converted from forests and woodlands. To assess functional significance of the forest microbiome, we examined within-microbiome interactions, interactions of microbiomes with the host, and the effects of microbiome-host interactions in both natural and managed systems. To determine the effects of within-microbiome interactions on Dothistroma needle blight in Pinus ponderosa, we inoculated non-pathogenic endophytes from P. ponderosa into emerging needles of Dothistroma -infected trees. Four of six endophytes enabled the pathogen by increasing disease severity as much as 4.7% while one endophyte antagonized the pathogen, reducing severity of the disease by 7%, indicating the potential of non-pathogens interact with pathogens within the microbiome. We then examined the potential function of the microbiome of Pinus ponderosa in conspecific recruitment by inoculating P. ponderosa seed with endophytes of mature conspecifics prior to germination. Endophytes from P. ponderosa reduced germination and emergence of conspecific seed. A needle endophyte showed the strongest inhibitory effects, reducing emergence by as much as 67% indicating foliar endophytes in the litter microbiome may contribute to beta diversity of conifer forests. Finally, to determine whether the conifer microbiome might be significant to the success of winter wheat production in converted woodlands, we conducted a series of experiments to study the potential of the microbiome to mediate disease resistance and stress tolerance in hard red winter wheat. The whole microbiome of pine litter was most effective for suppression of Fusarium culmorum, reducing plant mortality and increasing biomass of Fusarium -infected plants by over 67% compared to untreated plants. Forest endophytes significantly increased root development during vernalization of wheat seedlings. A root endophyte from the microbiome of Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca doubled the yield of Fusarium -infected wheat subjected to water stress, indicating that the microbiome of the pine woodlands may have facilitated the success of dryland wheat production in the Pacific Northwest, USA. On-going research promises to expand our knowledge and understanding of the functional significance of the conifer forest microbiome.

Author : Anna Maria Pirttilä
Publisher : Springer
Page : 462 pages
File Size : 36,36 MB
Release : 2018-06-19
Category : Nature
ISBN : 3319898337

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Endophytes are commonly known as microorganisms, mainly bacteria and fungi, which live inside plant tissues without inducing symptoms. Considering the long-lived trees, endophytes have a fundamental role in preparing their hosts to face extreme weather conditions, drought, heat, cold, and pathogen and herbivore attacks. The current knowledge clearly demonstrates the importance of endophytes in shaping the plant diversity in a forest. Endophytes have an important capacity for biocontrol of forest diseases. Considering endophyte diversity and the range of various compounds and enzymes they can produce, endophytes can be used for various biotechnological applications.

Author : Dinesh K. Maheshwari
Publisher : Springer
Page : 342 pages
File Size : 17,36 MB
Release : 2017-11-02
Category : Science
ISBN : 3319665413

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This book discusses the latest developments in our understanding of microbial endophytes, their ecology, diversity and potential biotechnological applications. It covers all the latest advances concerning the endophytic interaction of microorganisms in a wide array of plants, reported on by experts from the entire globe. The diverse microbial community, which consists of archaeal, bacterial, fungal and protistic taxa, can be found in all plants. The endophytic lifecycle reveals how microorganisms play essential roles in plant growth, fitness and diversification. Diversity is an integral component of ecology. In soil ecology, below-ground interactions of plant and microorganisms are accomplished by endophytes, which reside in the plant’s internal tissues. The microbial world in general and endophytes in particular reflect a unique degree of genetic and functional (metabolic) diversity. Currently, significant attention is being paid to endophytic microorganisms, as their repertoire of cells and metabolites hold immense potential with regard to biotechnological applications for sustainable development. The diversity of bacterial endophytes guarantees that there are endophytes capable of forming compatible associations with all agronomically important plants, including monocots and dicots. The study of endophytes’ diverse nature in connection with biodiesel, medicinal and agriculturally important crop can lead to a better understanding of applicable facets. The topics in this dynamic field of study are so diverse and vast. This volume will benefit all botanists, microbiologists, ecologists, plant pathologists, physiologists, agronomists, molecular biologists, environmentalists, policymakers, conservationists and NGOs working to protect species and prevent the loss of biologically significant genetic material.

Author : Massimiliano Morelli
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 281 pages
File Size : 22,58 MB
Release : 2020-10-29
Category : Science
ISBN : 2889660982

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This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact.

Author : Dinesh K. Maheshwari
Publisher : Springer
Page : 295 pages
File Size : 12,44 MB
Release : 2017-11-14
Category : Science
ISBN : 3319665448

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This book reviews the latest developments in our understanding of microbial endophytes and their potential applications in enhancing productivity and disease protection. It covers all the latest discoveries regarding endophytes, their interactions with plants and application in agricultural productivity and protection. Our understanding of endophytes has increased exponentially in recent decades. These microbes, such as fungi, bacteria, and actinobacteria, establish a symbiotic or parasitic association with plants. A better understanding of endophytic microorganisms may help to elucidate their functions and potential role in developing sustainable systems of crop production and improved protection against biotic stresses. Endophytes play a vital role in plant growth and health promotion. Endophytic bacteria are of agrobiological interest because they create host-endophyte relationships, which can open exciting prospects for newer biotechnological applications. Endophytes have also proven to be a beneficial and sustainable alternative to agrochemicals due to their role in the biocontrol of pests and diseases. Further, endophytes are essential to the production of several secondary metabolites in grasses, in the process of gummosis in trees, and the production of useful metabolites such as alkaloids, pestaloside, cryptocandin, enfumafungin, subglutinols, etc. for the host plant. They are also involved in the production of enzymes, biosurfactants, biocontrol agents and plant growth promoters. As such, it is imperative that we explore these products’ industrial applications in the fields of biotechnology, pharmacy and agriculture. This volume will offers a valuable guidance for botanists, microbiologists, biotechnologists, molecular biologists, environmentalists, policymakers, conservationists, and those working for the protection of plant species of agricultural and medicinal importance.

Author : Scott Clare Redlin
Publisher : American Phytopathological Society
Page : 240 pages
File Size : 11,82 MB
Release : 1996
Category : Science
ISBN :

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Latent infection vs. endophytic colonization by fungi; Isolation and analysis of endophytic fungal communities from woody plants; Fungal endophytes of living branch bases in several european tree species; Ecological and physiological aspects of host specificity in endophytic fungi; Coastal redwood leaf endophytes: their occurrence, interactions and response to host volatile terpenoids; Fungal endophytes of palms; Morphological and physiological adaptation of balansieae and trends in the evolution of grass endophytes.

Author : Ravindra H. Patil
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 272 pages
File Size : 10,4 MB
Release : 2021-03-25
Category : Science
ISBN : 981159371X

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This book describes the various therapeutic and commercial applications of compounds produced by endophytes. Endophytes are microorganisms that reside in the living internal tissues of plants without showing any apparent symptom of their presence. During their life cycle, they establish a symbiotic or parasitic relationship with the host plant. The book discusses different kinds of compounds that these endophytes produce, and their potential properties such as antimicrobial, anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, neutraceutical, immunomodulatory etc. Other prospects of entophytic biology such as fungi of wild and domesticated crop plants and their applications in sustainable agriculture have also been included. The book also provides details about various techniques used in endophyte research, metabolite detection and bioactivity-based assays to explore endophytes. Endophytes with phytohormones‐producing potential and their role in plant —microbial interactions under stress are also discussed. The book also highlights novel strategies to tap into the hidden potential of endophytic fungi for the production of novel biomolecules using an integrated approach. These microorganisms have attracted a lot of scientific attention worldwide because of their huge potential for novel phytochemicals, pharmaceuticals and lead compounds. Hundreds of new novel endophytic fungi have been isolated, identified and systematically studied in last decade. However, this is the first of its kind, systematic compilation of potential biotechnological applications of endophytic compounds. Chapter contributions from groups across the globe make this book very up-to-date and informative. This book is very useful and interesting for students and researchers in the field of microbiology, plant sciences, mycology and pharmacology. It is also helpful for industry experts working on developing novel compounds.

Author : Fred O Asiegbu
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 438 pages
File Size : 15,28 MB
Release : 2021-07-09
Category : Nature
ISBN : 0128225432

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Forest Microbiology, Volume One: Tree Microbiome: Phyllosphere, Endosphere and Rhizosphere places an emphasis on the microbiology of leaves, needles, stems, roots, litter and soil. This comprehensive title is split into five sections, including the phyllosphere microbiome, endosphere, rhizosphere, archaea, viruses in forest ecosystem and microbiota of forest nurseries and tree pests, challenges and potentials. Microbial communities associated with various host trees and different tree tissues are compared, and generalists and specialists among tree-associated microbes are identified. In addition, biotic and abiotic factors determining the composition and the structure of forest tree microbial communities are presented, along with the concept of microbial ‘hubs.' Together, the book's editors have 25 years’ worth of experience teaching and conducting research on forest microbiology, making this an essential read for any scientist interested in the forest microbiome. Addresses the microbiology of living organs of forest trees including needles, leaves, stems and roots Highlights the potential impact of microbiota inhabiting forest trees on the health and fitness of, and disease progression in, forest biomes Focuses on the phyllosphere, endosphere and rhizosphere forest microbiome

Author : Trevor R. Hodkinson
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 445 pages
File Size : 15,75 MB
Release : 2019-03-21
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 1108471765

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Discusses the role of endophytes in food security, forestry and health. It outlines their general biology, spanning theory to practice.

Author : Vijay C. Verma
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 460 pages
File Size : 20,39 MB
Release : 2013-11-12
Category : Science
ISBN : 8132215753

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​In recent years there has been significant attention paid on the endophytic research by various groups working within this domain. Mutualistic endophytic microbes with an emphasis on the relatively understudied fungal endophytes are the focus of this special book. Plants are associated with micro-organisms: endophytic bacteria and fungi, which live inter- and intra-cellularly without inducing pathogenic symptoms, but have active biochemical and genetic interactions with their host. Endophytes play vital roles as plant growth promoters, biocontrol agents, biosurfactant producers, enzymes and secondary metabolite producers, as well as providing a new hidden repertoire of bioactive natural products with uses in pharmaceutical, agrochemical and other biotechnological applications. The increasing interest in endophytic research generates significant progress in our understanding of the host-endophyte relationship at molecular and genetic level. The bio-prospection of microbial endophytes has led to exciting possibilities for their biotechnological application as biocontrol agent, bioactive metabolites, and other useful traits. Apart from these virtues, the microbial endophytes may be adapted to the complex metabolism of many desired molecules that can be of significant industrial applications. These microbes can be a useful alternative for sustainable solutions for ecological control of pests and diseases, and can reduce the burden of excess of chemical fertilizers for this purpose. This book is an attempt to review the recent development in the understanding of microbial endophytes and their potential biotechnological applications. This is a collection of literature authored by noted researchers having signatory status in endophytic research and summarizes the development achieved so far, and future prospects for further research in this fascinating area of research.