[PDF] Female Employment And Gender Gaps In China eBook

Author : Xinxin Ma
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 190 pages
File Size : 16,20 MB
Release : 2021-05-05
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9813369043

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This open access book investigates female employment and the gender gap in the labor market and households during China’s economic transition period. It provides the reader with academic evidence for understanding the mechanism of female labor force participation, the determinants of the gender gap in the labor market, and the impact of policy transformation on women’s wages and employment in China from an economics perspective. The main content of this book includes three parts―women’s family responsibilities and women’s labor supply (child care, parent care, and women’s employment), the gender gap in the labor market and society (gender gaps in wages, Communist Party membership, and participation in social activity), and the impacts of policy transformation on women’s wages and employment (the social security system and the educational expansion policy on women’s wages and employment) in China. This book provides academic evidence about these issues based on economics theories and econometric analysis methods using many kinds of long-term Chinese national survey data. This book is highly recommended to readers who are interested in up-to-date and in-depth empirical studies of the gender gap and women’s employment in China during the economic transition period. This book is of interest to various groups such as readers who are interested in the Chinese economy, policymakers, and scholars with econometric analysis backgrounds.

Author : Xinxin Ma
Publisher : Springer
Page : 206 pages
File Size : 15,1 MB
Release : 2022-04-20
Category :
ISBN : 9789813369061

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Chapter1 Introduction Part I Women's Family Responsibilities and Labor Supply in China Chapter2 Market Wages, Child Care, and Labor Supply of Married Women in China Chapter3 Parent Care and Middle-aged Women's Employment Part II The Gender Gap in China s 'Labor Market and Society Chapter4 Ownership Sectors and the Gender Wage Gap Chapter5 The Gender Gap of Communist Party Membership Chapter6 The Gender Gap of Social Participation Activity Part III Impact of Policy on Women's Labor Market Outcomes in China Chapter7 The Impact of Higher Education Expansion Policy on the Wages of Female College Graduates Chapter8 The Impact of the New Rural Pension Scheme on the Labor Supply of Intra-Household Prime-age Women in Rural China

Author : International Monetary Fund
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 27 pages
File Size : 26,29 MB
Release : 2021-05-11
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 1513573772

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This paper examines gender inequality in the context of structural transformation and rebalancing in China. We document declining women's relative wages and labor force participation in China during the last two decades, despite rapid growth and expansion of the service sector. Using household data, we provide evidence consistent with a U-shaped relationship between economic development and women's labor market outcomes. Using a model of structural transformation, we show that labor market barriers for women have increased over time. Model counterfactuals suggest that removing these barriers and increasing service sector productivity can boost both gender equality and economic growth in China.

Author : Asian Development Bank
Publisher : Asian Development Bank
Page : 196 pages
File Size : 39,9 MB
Release : 2017-08-01
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9292579002

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The People's Republic of China (PRC) has made advances in narrowing gender gaps in its labor market. It has one of the highest female labor force participation rates in Asia and the Pacific at around 64% in 2013, and one of the narrowest earnings gender gaps. This study investigates how women are faring in the transition to the PRC's new growth model, and what can be done to promote women's participation. It shows how the PRC is undergoing multiple transitions that have implications for gender equality and work. For example, during the market transition, gender wage gaps and gender wage discrimination increased, reaching 33% in urban areas and 44% in rural areas. Find out how evidenced-based gender analysis can foster gender responsive policy approaches to promote women's equality in the labor market.

Author : Cherlyn S. Granrose
Publisher : Edward Elgar Publishing
Page : 232 pages
File Size : 45,4 MB
Release : 2005-01-01
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781845428068

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"Scholars and students of management, labor, gender, and China will find this volume of great interest. Government leaders will also find the research on women's employment lives a useful tool in future decision-making."--BOOK JACKET.

Author : Jennifer L. Solotaroff
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 218 pages
File Size : 38,34 MB
Release : 2020-03-18
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 1464810680

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Sri Lanka has shown remarkable persistence in low female labor force participation rates—at 36 percent from 2015 to 2017, compared with 75 percent for same-aged men—despite overall economic growth and poverty reduction over the past decade. The trend stands in contrast to the country’s achievements in human capital development that favor women, such as high levels of female education and low total fertility rates, as well as its status as an upper-middle-income country. This study intends to better understand the puzzle of women’s poor labor market outcomes in Sri Lanka. Using nationally representative secondary survey data—as well as primary qualitative and quantitative research—it tests three hypotheses that would explain gender gaps in labor market outcomes: (1) household roles and responsibilities, which fall disproportionately on women, and the associated sociophysical constraints on women’s mobility; (2) a human capital mismatch, whereby women are not acquiring the proper skills demanded by job markets; and (3) gender discrimination in job search, hiring, and promotion processes. Further, the analysis provides a comparison of women’s experience of the labor market between the years leading up to the end of Sri Lanka’s civil war (2006†“09) and the years following the civil war (2010†“15). The study recommends priority areas for addressing the multiple supply- and demand-side factors to improve women’s labor force participation rates and reduce other gender gaps in labor market outcomes. It also offers specific recommendations for improving women’s participation in the five private sector industries covered by the primary research: commercial agriculture, garments, tourism, information and communication technology, and tea estate work. The findings are intended to influence policy makers, educators, and employment program practitioners with a stake in helping Sri Lanka achieve its vision of inclusive and sustainable job creation and economic growth. The study also aims to contribute to the work of research institutions and civil society in identifying the most effective means of engaging more women— and their untapped potential for labor, innovation, and productivity—in Sri Lanka’s future.

Author : Stephan Haggard
Publisher : Peterson Institute
Page : 218 pages
File Size : 20,49 MB
Release : 2010-07-20
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 0881325155

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"Human rights and the protection of refugees is not a concern of left or right, or of the US only; it is an issue of importance to all Koreans, and indeed all countries. Haggard and Noland provide compelling evidence of the ongoing transformation of North Korean society and offer thoughtful proposals as to how the outside world might facilitate peaceful evolution."--Yoon Young-kwan, former Foreign Minister, Rob Moo-byun government --Book Jacket

Author : Christina Jenq
Publisher :
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 45,97 MB
Release : 2019
Category :
ISBN :

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The employment gender gap in urban sector China significantly increased during the restructuring of state-owned enterprises that occurred in the late 1990s. This paper describes the relative impact of several mechanisms that led to an increase in the employment gender gap in this labor market. I find that the gender-asymmetric nature of enterprise restructuring during this period can explain almost 50% of increase in the urban non-migrant employment gender gap between 1990 and 2000. I relate observed cross-sectional employment rates to a simple model of dynamic transitions between employment states and show that, given non-employment, females' shorter working horizons and a leftward shift in older female labor supply can significantly explain gender differences in re-employment rates among older workers. I then show that the contraction of older female labor supply during this period is related to the disappearance of publicly-provided childcare through increased time for daughter households. I conclude that the unobserved labor supply determinants of older females that contribute to the underestimate of the observed gender earnings gap include private costs and returns to on-the-job training and the propensity to help offspring households.

Author : Xinxin Ma
Publisher : Springer
Page : 303 pages
File Size : 27,47 MB
Release : 2018-12-30
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9811319871

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This book empirically investigates the changes in labor market structure accompanying the labor market reform in China by focusing on the labor market segmentation problems from the 1980s to 2013. The book also aims to examine the effect of labor policy reforms on individual, household and enterprise behavior, including the causes and consequences of labor market reform in China, particularly the influences of labor policy reforms on labor market performance. Offering valuable insights into the changing structure of the Chinese economy, this book will be of interest to scholars, activists, and economists.

Author : Nicholas R. Lardy
Publisher : Peterson Institute for International Economics
Page : 258 pages
File Size : 26,95 MB
Release : 2019-01-01
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 0881327387

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China's extraordinarily rapid economic growth since 1978, driven by market-oriented reforms, has set world records and continued unabated, despite predictions of an inevitable slowdown. In The State Strikes Back: The End of Economic Reform in China?, renowned China scholar Nicholas R. Lardy argues that China's future growth prospects could be equally bright but are shadowed by the specter of resurgent state dominance, which has begun to diminish the vital role of the market and private firms in China's economy. Lardy's book arrives in timely fashion as a sequel to his pathbreaking Markets over Mao: The Rise of Private Business in China, published by PIIE in 2014. This book mobilizes new data to trace how President Xi Jinping has consistently championed state-owned or controlled enterprises, encouraging local political leaders and financial institutions to prop up ailing, underperforming companies that are a drag on China's potential. As with his previous book, Lardy's perspective departs from conventional wisdom, especially in its contention that China could achieve a high growth rate for the next two decades—if it reverses course and returns to the path of market-oriented reforms.