[PDF] Familiarity And Conviction In The Criminal Justice System eBook

Author : Joanna Pozzulo
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 240 pages
File Size : 20,22 MB
Release : 2019-11-01
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 019087483X

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Eyewitness research has focused mainly on stranger identification, but identification is also critical for the "familiar stranger", and understanding how variability in an eyewitness's familiarity with the perpetrator may influence recall and recognition accuracy will facilitate swifter and more just resolutions to crime. Familiarity and Conviction in the Criminal Justice System examines the notion of familiarity between an eyewitness/victim and a perpetrator, ranging from complete unfamiliarity (as with a total stranger) to a very familiar other. Authors Joanna Pozzulo, Emily Pica, and Chelsea Sheahan define what is meant by "familiarity" in an eyewitness context and how it has been operationalized and manipulated, exploring factors that may interact with familiarity and examining jurors' perceptions of it. The first half of the book draws on various sub-areas of psychology to understand familiarity against the backdrop of eyewitness identification: social psychology theories of how familiarity is established; cognitive psychology and its theories of recognition; face processing literature; and eyewitness literature. The second half of the book surveys system and estimator variables that influence identification, such as lineup procedures, interviewing techniques, the role of age, race, and more; as well as how familiarity is weighed in juror decision-making. A final chapter issues a call for continuing research examining the notion of familiarity and its impact on the criminal justice system.

Author : Joanna Pozzulo
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
Page : 145 pages
File Size : 49,34 MB
Release : 2019-12
Category : Law
ISBN : 0190874813

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Eyewitness research has focused mainly on stranger identification, but identification is also critical for the "familiar stranger", and understanding how variability in an eyewitness's familiarity with the perpetrator may influence recall and recognition accuracy will facilitate swifter and more just resolutions to crime. Familiarity and Conviction in the Criminal Justice System examines the notion of familiarity between an eyewitness/victim and a perpetrator, ranging from complete unfamiliarity (as with a total stranger) to a very familiar other. Authors Joanna Pozzulo, Emily Pica, and Chelsea Sheahan define what is meant by "familiarity" in an eyewitness context and how it has been operationalized and manipulated, exploring factors that may interact with familiarity and examining jurors' perceptions of it. The first half of the book draws on various sub-areas of psychology to understand familiarity against the backdrop of eyewitness identification: social psychology theories of how familiarity is established; cognitive psychology and its theories of recognition; face processing literature; and eyewitness literature. The second half of the book surveys system and estimator variables that influence identification, such as lineup procedures, interviewing techniques, the role of age, race, and more; as well as how familiarity is weighed in juror decision-making. A final chapter issues a call for continuing research examining the notion of familiarity and its impact on the criminal justice system.

Author : Marvin Zalman
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 349 pages
File Size : 44,30 MB
Release : 2013-10-30
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 1135077444

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Wrongful Conviction and Criminal Justice Reform is an important addition to the literature and teaching on innocence reform. This book delves into wrongful convictions studies but expands upon them by offering potential reforms that would alleviate the problem of wrongful convictions in the criminal justice system. Written to be accessible to students, Wrongful Conviction and Criminal Justice Reform is a main text for wrongful convictions courses or a secondary text for more general courses in criminal justice, political science, and law school innocence clinics.

Author : Hillary K. Valderrama
Publisher : iUniverse
Page : 460 pages
File Size : 26,4 MB
Release : 2011-07-27
Category : Law
ISBN : 1462014097

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The exoneration of more than two hundred and fifty people who have been wrongfully convicted makes it clear that Americas criminal justice system isnt foolproof. Its important to understand the causes of wrongful conviction in order to find solutions to this growing problem. Edited by one of the nations leading legal scholars and two of her top students, this collection of essays examines critical issues, including what American justice in the age of innocence looks like; how to implement procedural mechanisms to ensure the integrity of the judicial system while safeguarding the public; whether or not the legal system is doing a good enough job uncovering wrongful convictions. This anthology provides insightful lessons based on cutting-edge research and legal analysis. Wrongful convictions are not a foregone conclusion, but the justice system must break free from a pattern of punishing innocent people and go after the true culprits. Written for judges, lawyers and scholars alike, American Justice in the Age of Innocence educates the public and helps current prisoners who are innocent contest their wrongful convictions.

Author : John A. Humphrey
Publisher : Charles C Thomas Publisher
Page : 263 pages
File Size : 19,8 MB
Release : 2018-01-04
Category : Law
ISBN : 0398092060

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The magnitude of wrongful conviction is increasing across the country and around the world, with individuals arrested, convicted, and incarcerated for extended periods of time. This book provides an understanding of legal remedies, organizational reforms, and policy changes that have been proposed and implemented. In various jurisdictions, these procedures reduce the likelihood of a wrongful conviction. Legal and organizational reforms and changes in criminal justice policy are considered at three key junctures of the process: (1) the investigation, evidence gathering, and forensic analysis, (2) prosecutorial decision-making, and (3) the judicial review and exoneration of a wrongfully convicted defendant. Each chapter opens with a wrongful case vignette that illustrates the reform strategies being considered. The investigatory process is studied on each case, and the police process is analyzed in detail. Part 1 includes the introductory chapter that provides an overview of wrongful convictions, and the investigatory process routinely employed to gather evidence and identify a suspect. The analysis of forensic evidence is explored, including the chain of custody, contamination of the evidence, misinterpretation, and the falsification of forensic reports. Part 2 focuses on the prosecutors, defense attorneys, judges and juries. Plea bargaining strategies, coaching witnesses, violations of the rules of discovery, use of jailhouse snitches, inadequate defense counseling, lack of preparation and adequate resources are examined. Part 3 analyzes the processes involved in the reversal of wrongful convictions, the judicial review, and obstacles encountered in the exoneration process. In addition, the authors provide a thorough analytical overview of the criminal justice processes involved in wrongful conviction and the reforms that are needed to prevent and reverse injustices. This book is an invaluable resource for prosecutors, defense attorneys, judges, advocates for the wrongfully convicted, criminal justice policymakers, law and society, and will contribute to academic courses in the fields of criminology and justice.

Author : Michael Naughton
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
Page : 329 pages
File Size : 16,98 MB
Release : 2013-06-11
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 135030610X

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The Innocent and the Criminal Justice System examines competing perspectives on, and definitions of, miscarriages of justice to tackle these questions and more in this critical sociological examination of innocence and wrongful conviction. This book: - Is the first book of its kind to cover wrong convictions, from definition and causation to the limits of redress - Provides a wealth of case studies and statistics to apply theoretical discussions of the criminal justice system to real-life situations - Discusses ideas and challenges that are highly relevant to current political and social debates Elegantly written by a leading expert in the field, this book is essential reading for students of criminology, criminal justice and law, looking to understand the workings of the criminal justice system and how it can fail the innocent.

Author : Hillier, Tim
Publisher : Policy Press
Page : 242 pages
File Size : 11,61 MB
Release : 2021-06-16
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 1529203201

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Can the criminal justice system achieve justice based on its ability to determine the truth? Drawing on a variety of disciplinary and interdisciplinary perspectives, this book investigates the concept of truth – its complexities and nuances – and scrutinizes how well the criminal justice process facilitates truth-finding. From allegation to sentencing, the chapters take the reader on a journey through the criminal justice system, exposing the marginalization of truth-finding in favour of other jurisprudential or systemic values, such as expediency, procedural fairness and the presumption of innocence. This important work bridges the gap between what people expect from the criminal justice system and what it can legitimately deliver.

Author : C. Ronald Huff
Publisher : SAGE Publications
Page : 205 pages
File Size : 28,36 MB
Release : 1996-01-23
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 1452236283

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"This important book, joining many others about the possibility and actuality of executing innocent persons . . . examines the full range of potential and real cases in which innocent people are falsely accused, convicted, and incarcerated and describes the variety of missteps in our criminal justice system that lead to unjust imprisonment . . . . In six clearly written chapters the authors examine the reality of unjust incarceration . . . . The last chapter may be the most compelling; the authors recommend how to reduce the number of errors in our criminal justice system. For anyone concerned about justice; highly recommended for public and university libraries." --Choice "In this well-researched and fascinating volume, the authors mix materials from case files in the literature and reported in numerous research reports and in the media. There is great reliance on research studies, national and international, on the accuracy of eyewitness perceptions. Interviews with the exonerated and some of the actors in the system are included as are trial documents and court transcripts as well as media reports on the trials. There is no other book on the ′′guilty′′ but innocent that has so broad a focus and so much rich detail. It is a good read, indeed." --from the Foreword by Simon Dinitz, Professor Emeritus, The Ohio State University Even if the American system of criminal justice proved 99.5% accurate, it would still generate more than 10,000 wrongful convictions a year--and those would reflect only the eight serious index crimes. Each time an innocent offender is wrongfully convicted, the actual offender remains free to continue victimizing. Insightful and stimulating, Convicted But Innocent grapples with the very specific, difficult issues surrounding wrongful convictions and the implications for society. Using fascinating case samples and survey data that reflect the possible magnitude of the problem, the authors detail the major factors associated with this stunning potential for error in our criminal justice system. Although no system of justice can be perfect, this volume shows that a focus on preventable errors can substantially reduce the number of conviction injustices. Committed to that end, authors C. Ronald Huff, Arye Rattner, and Edward Sagarin also examine public policy implications and recommendations for putting their findings to work. Intriguing, and about a problem that is frightening to contemplate, Convicted But Innocent offers a stimulating read for students, academics, researchers, law enforcement and corrections professionals, and policy makers.

Author : C. Ronald Huff
Publisher : SAGE Publications
Page : 205 pages
File Size : 45,65 MB
Release : 1996-01-23
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 1452221170

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Addressing the specific issues surrounding wrongful convictions and their implications for society, Convicted but Innocent includes: survey data concerning the possible magnitude of the problem and its causes; fascinating actual case samples; detailed analyses of the major factors associated with wrongful conviction; discussion of public policy implications; and recommendations for reducing the occurrence of such convictions. The authors maintain that while no system of justice can be perfect, a focus on preventable errors can substantially reduce the number of current conviction injustices.