[PDF] Examination System In Pakistan eBook

Author : Barend Vlaardingerbroek
Publisher : Cambria Press
Page : 382 pages
File Size : 18,18 MB
Release : 2009
Category : Education
ISBN : 1604976004

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Summative assessment has been a contentious issue in educational circles for several decades, particularly high-stakes assessment events which arise at various junctures of the school cycle, especially those at the end of it. The French Baccalaureat and English A-Levels and their numerous clones throughout the francophone and anglophone worlds are household names and represent milestone events in people's lives, as their outcomes are principal determinants of young people's future prospects. These examinations are external--they are devised, conducted and processed by agencies outside the schools, usually ministerial examination units. As such, they act as 'blind' arbiters of student achievement, providing the proverbial 'level playing field' which ensures the comparability of outcomes. In the pyramidal school structures of yesteryear, examinations acted as filters, regulating the progression of pupils to subsequent tiers of formal education. Exit points occurred from primary school level up, from where unsuccessful candidates could enter the labour force and/or embark on occupationally specific further education and training. With the modernisation of the labour market and an ever-higher social demand for access to higher levels of formal education, the filtering function of examinations at lower levels of schooling has been gradually eroded, while burgeoning numbers of students at the upper secondary level have brought about reforms that include curricular diversification and sometimes radical overhauls of terminating assessment systems (including the modification and, in some instances, abandonment of external examinations). This edited volume brings together the experiences of twenty examination systems from around the world to show how these dynamic entities have adapted over time to the changing context of schooling. Following an introduction by Stephen P. Heyneman of World Bank repute, there are sixteen chapters presenting Country Case Studies, which have been written up under common subheadings, thereby highlighting the comparative nature of the work and facilitating cross-referencing. The subsequent four chapters elaborate on the theme of 'external examinations beyond national borders', including a contribution by the International Baccalaureate Organisation. A defining feature of the work is the attention it pays to what it calls the 'nuts and bolts' of external examinations, from question-setting to grading procedures. These are, it is argued, instrumental in nurturing and maintaining public confidence in external examinations. The book will be of immense value to people involved in educational policy studies, especially strategic educational planning, as well as those directly concerned with formal assessment. The work has been written to appeal to a wide audience of informed persons--it is accessible to teachers and interested laypeople, as well as to academics."

Author : Vincent Greaney
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 36 pages
File Size : 10,4 MB
Release : 1995
Category : Education
ISBN : 9780821331217

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World Bank Technical Paper No. 272. Public examinations in developing countries play a critical role in the selection of students for participation in the educational system. The exams dictate what is taught, how it is taught, and what is and is no

Author : Benjamin A. Elman
Publisher : Harvard University Press
Page : 418 pages
File Size : 16,6 MB
Release : 2013-11-01
Category : History
ISBN : 0674726936

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During China's late imperial period (roughly 1400-1900 CE), men would gather by the millions every two or three years outside official examination compounds sprinkled across China. Only one percent of candidates would complete the academic regimen that would earn them a post in the administrative bureaucracy. Civil Examinations assesses the role of education, examination, and China's civil service in fostering the world's first professional class based on demonstrated knowledge and skill. While millions of men dreamed of the worldly advancement an imperial education promised, many more wondered what went on inside the prestigious walled-off examination compounds. As Benjamin A. Elman reveals, what occurred was the weaving of a complex social web. Civil examinations had been instituted in China as early as the seventh century CE, but in the Ming and Qing eras they were the nexus linking the intellectual, political, and economic life of imperial China. Local elites and members of the court sought to influence how the government regulated the classical curriculum and selected civil officials. As a guarantor of educational merit, civil examinations served to tie the dynasty to the privileged gentry and literati classes--both ideologically and institutionally. China did away with its classical examination system in 1905. But this carefully balanced and constantly contested piece of social engineering, worked out over the course of centuries, was an early harbinger of the meritocratic regime of college boards and other entrance exams that undergirds higher education in much of the world today.

Author : Humaira Irfan
Publisher : Cambridge Scholars Publishing
Page : 158 pages
File Size : 47,30 MB
Release : 2018-07
Category : Creative writing
ISBN : 9781527509184

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This book investigates the impact of creative writing tests on classroom practice in Pakistan. All National Education Policies in Pakistan since 1959 have expressed grave concern at the deteriorating standard of Board Examinations but no significant steps have been taken to improve the examination system. The method of assessment in the Pakistani classroom is influenced by the Board Examinations, with the students memorising the essays and stories from their textbooks and reproducing them. The Board Examination tends to produce negative washback as it damages learners creative talents. Appropriate changes in the textbooks and the external examination, however, will, in turn, definitely improve the teaching and assessment practices in the classroom.

Author : Zhi Dao
Publisher : DeepLogic
Page : pages
File Size : 41,36 MB
Release :
Category : History
ISBN :

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The book provides highlights on the key concepts and trends of evolution in History of Chinese Examination System, as one of the series of books of “China Classified Histories”.