[PDF] Examination Of The Transport And Retention And Exploration Of The Spatial Distribution Of Microbial Indicators In Soil Aggregates eBook

Author : Jan Gliński
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 1075 pages
File Size : 46,89 MB
Release : 2011-06-07
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9048135842

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This Encyclopedia of Agrophysics will provide up-to-date information on the physical properties and processes affecting the quality of the environment and plant production. It will be a "first-up" volume which will nicely complement the recently published Encyclopedia of Soil Science, (November 2007) which was published in the same series. In a single authoritative volume a collection of about 250 informative articles and ca 400 glossary terms covering all aspects of agrophysics will be presented. The authors will be renowned specialists in various aspects in agrophysics from a wide variety of countries. Agrophysics is important both for research and practical use not only in agriculture, but also in areas like environmental science, land reclamation, food processing etc. Agrophysics is a relatively new interdisciplinary field closely related to Agrochemistry, Agrobiology, Agroclimatology and Agroecology. Nowadays it has been fully accepted as an agricultural and environmental discipline. As such this Encyclopedia volume will be an indispensable working tool for scientists and practitioners from different disciplines, like agriculture, soil science, geosciences, environmental science, geography, and engineering.

Author : Philippe C. Baveye
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 317 pages
File Size : 12,51 MB
Release : 2020-03-27
Category :
ISBN : 2889636372

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Half a century ago, soil ...

Author : V. Vancura
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 499 pages
File Size : 48,79 MB
Release : 2012-12-02
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 0444600000

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This volume is the first publication of its kind to provide a fully comprehensive and detailed approach to the survey of microbial associations in soil: their structure and function in relation to soil fertility and environment protection. The problems covered by this title are presented on various levels of the ecological system; from subcellular phenomena occurring in the microbial cell (genetic and enzyme regulation), to processes taking place in the flow of mass and energy in the agroecosystem. The aim of this monograph is to contribute to the understanding of the laws of formation and function of microbial associations in natural and agricultural soils, and to build a scientific basis for the control of soil biological processes. Using a contemporary approach to some fields of soil microbiology, the book highlights the possibility of utilizing certain microorganisms and microbial processes to increase soil fertility and protect the environment. These critically evaluated and selected results were obtained at the Institute of Microbiology and the Institute of Experimental Phytotechnics of the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences, in cooperation with the Institute of Microbiology of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR.

Author : Sharon Faye Smith
Publisher :
Page : 348 pages
File Size : 21,8 MB
Release : 2020
Category :
ISBN :

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Soil microorganisms help maintain nutrient cycling, control carbon sequestration, impact plant productivity, and influence several soil chemical and physical properties; yet, the processes that control the microbial composition of soil and how environmental changes may affect the composition and activity of these organisms at different scales remains a difficult and intriguing puzzle for soil scientists, ecologists, and modelers. Wetlands are endangered and important ecosystems that provide several services, which are directly linked to soil function. However, few wetland assessments consider the soil environment and microbial ecology. Linking soil microbial community composition and distribution patterns to soil physio-chemical properties would provide fundamental information for the further exploration of how biogeochemical properties relate to ecosystem function, and pave the way towards developing new wetland success indicators. By using spatial ecology concepts along with soil metabarcoding, this research provides insight into the fungal and bacterial community composition and their relationship to the soil environment within a mounded wet prairie in southern United States. Generalized dissimilarity modeling (GDM), a form of nonlinear matrix regression, and amplicon metabarcoding was applied to simultaneously quantify the relative effects of geographic distance, elevation, and soil properties driving microbial community composition. The wet prairie surveyed in this research contained high spatial heterogeneity of soil chemical and physical properties, as well as distinct microtopography, which influenced the composition and diversity of soil microbial communities. The GDMs explained 28.3 and 41.5% of the total variation in bacterial and fungal beta diversity, respectively. Soil texture was an important and unexpected driver of both fungal and bacterial composition and diversity within the study site. Bacterial alpha diversity increased and fungal alpha diversity decreased with increasing sand content within the site. Sand content was also greatest on mounds in the site. Future wetland restoration studies should consider the influence of spatial heterogeneity of soil texture and micro-topography on microbial diversity, as it may affect the success of future restoration efforts. Understanding how soil microbial ecology connects to the soil environment at an ecosystem level can help inform future restoration practices, and can also be used to improve our predictive capabilities on a global scale for ecosystem services like carbon sequestration. The future applications of soil metagenomic data to infer ecosystem function and predict responses to a changing world are promising, but there are still many hurtles to overcome. While sequence databases are continuously growing, many metagenomic sequences still can't be aligned or assigned to a functional pathway. Thus, our ability to use metagenomic data for ecological models or to predict soil microbial response to climate change is dependent on continued efforts to characterize microbes and their associated environments.

Author : Iêda de Carvalho Mendes
Publisher :
Page : 276 pages
File Size : 14,96 MB
Release : 1997
Category : Cropping systems
ISBN :

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My thesis research examined the relationship between soil structure and soil microorganisms. I examined the distribution of microbial biomass and its activities across soil aggregates and also the distribution across aggregates of a specific soil bacterium, Rhizobium leguminosarum bv trifolii. These distributions were evaluated in a summer vegetable cropping system in which three winter cover-crop treatments are practiced (fallow; cereal and legume). Five aggregate size classes (