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Author : Martin Nowak
Publisher : Simon and Schuster
Page : 354 pages
File Size : 50,86 MB
Release : 2012-03-27
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 1451626630
Looks at the importance of cooperation in human beings and in nature, arguing that this social tool is as important an aspect of evolution as mutation and natural selection.
Author : Michael Tomz
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 324 pages
File Size : 25,15 MB
Release : 2007-09-02
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 0691134693
Publisher description
Author : Francesca Giardini
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 656 pages
File Size : 33,63 MB
Release : 2019-05-22
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 0190494093
Gossip and reputation are core processes in societies and have substantial consequences for individuals, groups, communities, organizations, and markets.. Academic studies have found that gossip and reputation have the power to enforce social norms, facilitate cooperation, and act as a means of social control. The key mechanism for the creation, maintenance, and destruction of reputations in everyday life is gossip - evaluative talk about absent third parties. Reputation and gossip are inseparably intertwined, but up until now have been mostly studied in isolation. The Oxford Handbook of Gossip and Reputation fills this intellectual gap, providing an integrated understanding of the foundations of gossip and reputation, as well as outlining a potential framework for future research. Volume editors Francesca Giardini and Rafael Wittek bring together a diverse group of researchers to analyze gossip and reputation from different disciplines, social domains, and levels of analysis. Being the first integrated and comprehensive collection of studies on both phenomena, each of the 25 chapters explores the current research on the antecedents, processes, and outcomes of the gossip-reputation link in contexts as diverse as online markets, non-industrial societies, organizations, social networks, or schools. International in scope, the volume is organized into seven sections devoted to the exploration of a different facet of gossip and reputation. Contributions from eminent experts on gossip and reputation not only help us better understand the complex interplay between two delicate social mechanisms, but also sketch the contours of a long term research agenda by pointing to new problems and newly emerging cross-disciplinary solutions.
Author : Robert Axelrod
Publisher : Basic Books
Page : 258 pages
File Size : 36,1 MB
Release : 2009-04-29
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 0786734884
A famed political scientist's classic argument for a more cooperative world We assume that, in a world ruled by natural selection, selfishness pays. So why cooperate? In The Evolution of Cooperation, political scientist Robert Axelrod seeks to answer this question. In 1980, he organized the famed Computer Prisoners Dilemma Tournament, which sought to find the optimal strategy for survival in a particular game. Over and over, the simplest strategy, a cooperative program called Tit for Tat, shut out the competition. In other words, cooperation, not unfettered competition, turns out to be our best chance for survival. A vital book for leaders and decision makers, The Evolution of Cooperation reveals how cooperative principles help us think better about everything from military strategy, to political elections, to family dynamics.
Author : Alexander Prepelitsky
Publisher :
Page : pages
File Size : 31,74 MB
Release : 2015
Category :
ISBN :
Author : John Whitfield
Publisher : Turner Publishing Company
Page : 219 pages
File Size : 32,97 MB
Release : 2011-10-04
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 1118114663
How to get a good reputation—deserved or not!—and why we care what other people think Why does a fish only bite another fish if no one else is watching? Why do people overshare online? Why do some people meet trivial insults with extreme violence? Why do so many gods have multiple eyes? In People Will Talk, science writer John Whitfield shows how reputation helps answer all of these questions, and more. What is the secret to getting get a good reputation? Unfortunately, there's more to reputation than being a good person or being good at what you do. Your reputation belongs to other people, and it's created by what they say about you behind your back. You have a good reputation only if you have a strong social network—a large and close-knit network of friends, family, and allies—to spread good news about you and shout down ugly rumors. If you’ve ever wondered why we care about the lives of celebrities, why young men publicly upload to the Internet pictures of themselves engaged in drunken or dangerous antics, how to make the “honor system” a little more widely honored, how to keep politicians honest, or what keeps gossip going, reputation will give you a clue. Almost from the moment we are born, we are trying to work out whom we can trust and trying to make others think the best of us. We carry on doing so throughout life, even when we don't realize it, every time we meet another person in business, friendship, or romance; every time we read celebrity gossip; and every time we tweak our Facebook profiles. Whether you’re buying a car or selling one, looking for a job or hiring, asking someone out on a date or deciding whether to accept the invitation, reputation matters. Read People Will Talk and discover how to polish your own reputation, understand what you hear about others, and make the most of both.
Author : Nikolaos Chatzinikolaou
Publisher :
Page : pages
File Size : 42,40 MB
Release : 2012
Category :
ISBN :
Little attention has been paid, in depth, to the relationship between fitness evaluation in evolutionary algorithms and reputation mechanisms in multi-agent systems, but if these could be related it opens the way for implementation of distributed evolutionary systems via multi-agent architectures. Our investigation concentrates on the effectiveness with which social selection, in the form of reputation, can replace direct fitness observation as the selection bias in an evolutionary multi-agent system. We do this in two stages: In the first, we implement a peer-to-peer, adaptive Genetic Algorithm (GA), in which agents act as individual GAs that, in turn, evolve dynamically themselves in real-time, using the traditional evolutionary operators of fitness-based selection, crossover and mutation. In the second stage, we replace the fitness-based selection operator with a reputation-based one, in which agents choose their mates based on the collective past experiences of themselves and their peers. Our investigation shows that this simple model of distributed reputation can be successful as the evolutionary drive in such a system, exhibiting practically identical performance and scalability to direct fitness observation. Further, we discuss the effect of noise (in the form of "defective" agents) in both models. We show that the reputation-based model is significantly better at identifying the defective agents, thus showing an increased level of resistance to noise.
Author : Gloria Origgi
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 292 pages
File Size : 47,42 MB
Release : 2019-11-12
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 069119632X
A compelling exploration of how reputation affects every aspect of contemporary life Reputation touches almost everything, guiding our behavior and choices in countless ways. But it is also shrouded in mystery. Why is it so powerful when the criteria by which people and things are defined as good or bad often appear to be arbitrary? Why do we care so much about how others see us that we may even do irrational and harmful things to try to influence their opinion? In this engaging book, Gloria Origgi draws on philosophy, social psychology, sociology, economics, literature, and history to offer an illuminating account of an important yet oddly neglected subject. Compellingly written and filled with surprising insights, Reputation pins down an elusive subject that affects us all.
Author : Rafael Wittek
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 172 pages
File Size : 11,30 MB
Release : 2023-12-21
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 1009217518
Gossiping and its reputation effects are viewed as the most powerful mechanism to sustain cooperation without the intervention of formal authorities. Being virtually costless, gossiping is highly effective in monitoring and sanctioning norm violators. Rational individuals cooperate in order to avoid negative reputations. But this narrative is incomplete and often leads to wrong predictions. Goal Framing Theory, a cognitive-behavioral approach anchored in evolutionary research, provides a better explanatory framework. Three overarching goal frames (hedonic, gain, and normative) constantly compete for being in our cognitive foreground. This Element argues that for gossip to have reputation effects, a salient normative goal frame is required. But since the hedonic mindset usually trumps gain and normative concerns, most gossip will be driven by hedonic motives and therefore not have strong reputation effects. Propositions on cultural, structural, dispositional, situational, and technological gossip antecedents and consequences are developed and illustrated with evidence from the empirical record.
Author : Michael Fertik
Publisher : Crown Currency
Page : 218 pages
File Size : 50,58 MB
Release : 2015-01-20
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 038534760X
Reputation is power. Your reputation defines how people see you and what they will do for you. It determines whether your bank will lend you money to buy a house or car; whether your landlord will accept you as a tenant; which employers will hire you and how much they will pay you. It can even affect your marriage prospects. And in the coming Reputation Economy, it’s getting more powerful than ever. Because today, thanks to rapid advances in digital technology, anyone access huge troves of information about you – your buying habits, your finances, your professional and personal networks, and even your physical whereabouts - at any time. In a world where technology allows companies and individuals alike to not only gather all this data but also aggregate it and analyze it with frightening speed, accuracy, and sophistication, our digital reputations are fast becoming our most valuable currency. Here, Michael Fertik, CEO of Reputation.com and one of Silicon Valley’s leading futurists will draw on the insider tools, insights, research, and secrets that has make Reputation.com the leading reputation management firm, to show how to capitalize on the trends the Reputation Economy will trigger to improve your professional, financial, and even social prospects. You will learn: · What keywords to put in your resume, performance review, and LinkedIn profile to come up at the top of potential employers' search results. · How to curate your on and offline activity in way that will reduce the premiums calculated by insurers, lenders, and investors. · Tricks that will get you express or VIP treatment at banks, hotels, and other exclusive special offers. · Ways to improve your review or rating on sharing or peer review sites like Yelp or Angie’s List, or your standing – as buyer or seller - on sharing economy sites like AirBnB or Uber · How to create false tails and digital smokescreens to hide the negative information that's out there With a good digital footprint, the world is your oyster. This book will show you how to control, curate, and optimize your digital reputation to become “rich” in a world where your reputation is as valuable as the cash in your wallet.