[PDF] Environment Sensitive Fracture Of Metals And Alloys eBook

Author : D.M.R. Taplin
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 873 pages
File Size : 20,41 MB
Release : 2013-10-22
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 1483153428

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Advances in Research on the Strength and Fracture of Materials: Volume 1s—An Overview contains the proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Fracture held at the University of Waterloo, Canada, in June 1977. The papers review the state of the art with respect to fracture in a wide range of materials such as metals and alloys, polymers, ceramics, and composites. This volume is comprised of 40 chapters and opens with a discussion on progress in the development of elementary fracture mechanism maps and their application to metal deformation processes, along with micro-mechanisms of fracture and the fracture toughness of engineering alloys. The next section is devoted to the fracture of large-scale structures such as steel structures, aircraft, cargo containment systems, nuclear reactors, and pressure vessels. Fracture at high temperatures and in sensitive environments is then explored, paying particular attention to creep failure by cavitation under non-steady conditions; the effects of hydrogen and impurities on brittle fracture in steel; and mechanism of embrittlement and brittle fracture in liquid metal environments. The remaining chapters consider the fracture of non-metallic materials as well as developments and concepts in the application of fracture mechanics. This book will be of interest to metallurgists, materials scientists, and structural and mechanical engineers.

Author : RN. Parkins
Publisher :
Page : 10 pages
File Size : 28,56 MB
Release : 1988
Category : Corrosion and anti-corrosives
ISBN :

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The stress corrosion cracking of alloys is markedly sensitive to the environment to which they are exposed, so that an alloy developed to have low susceptibility to such failure in a particular environment will not necessarily show such behavior in a different environment, as illustrated by a number of examples. It is also possible for results from tests using standard environments to lead to the exclusion of the use of materials that may behave satisfactorily in service. While it is obvious that tests should be conducted, whenever possible, in environments relevant to particular service conditions, these are not necessarily known when alloy development programs are being undertaken in the laboratory, hence the need for standardized or synthetic solutions. Evidence for the cracking domains for ferritic steels and ?-brasses suggests that stress corrosion cracking in a range of environments occurs at potentials and pH's where the lower oxide of the relevant metal can form. This suggests that laboratory tests should involve more than a single standardized environment, and that variation from test to test of potential and pH, guided by the potential pH diagram, may provide a more reliable guide to stress corrosion cracking propensities than that obtained from tests in a single solution.

Author : H. Liebowitz
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 524 pages
File Size : 18,18 MB
Release : 2013-10-22
Category : Literary Criticism
ISBN : 1483273202

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Fracture of Metals is part of a multivolume treatise that brings together the fundamentals for critical evaluation of the different theories and experimental findings on brittle fracture. These results, together with their design implications, should be made available to professional engineers, students, and researchers in industrial organizations, educational and research institutions, and various governmental agencies. Seven major areas are covered in this treatise on fracture. They are: (1) microscopic and macroscopic fundamentals of fracture; (2) mathematical fundamentals of fracture; (3) engineering fundamentals of fracture and environmental effects; (4) engineering fracture design; (5) fracture design of structures; (6) fracture of metals; and (7) fracture of nonmetals and composites. The present volume focuses on the fracture of metals. The book opens with chapter on the influence of alloying elements on fracture behavior in metallic systems of the three common crystal structures: face-centered cubic, body-centered cubic, and hexagonal close packed. Separate chapters follow on the principal microstructural factors which seem to be important for fracture toughness; the nature of the fracture processes occurring in high-strength materials; and the state of knowledge on fracture toughness of structural steels. Subsequent chapters deal with the strength and toughness of hot-rolled, ferrite-pearlite steels; fracture behavior of aluminum and its alloys; and fracture phenomena associated with electrical effects.

Author : R.M. Latanision
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 726 pages
File Size : 10,26 MB
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9400936656

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For many years it has been recognized that engineering materials that are-tough and ductile can be rendered susceptible to premature fracture through their reaction with the environment. Over 100 years ago, Reynolds associated hydrogen with detrimental effects on the ductility of iron. The "season cracking" of brass has been a known problem for dec ades, but the mechanisms for this stress-corrosion process are only today being elucidated. In more recent times, the mechanical properties of most engineering materials have been shown to be adversely affected by hydrogen embrittlement or stress-corrosion cracking. Early studies of environmental effects on crack growth attempted to identify a unified theory to explain the crack growth behavior of groups of materials in a variety of environments. It is currently understood that there are numerous stress-corrosion processes some of which may be common to several materials, but that the crack growth behavior of a given material is dependent on microstructure, microchemistry, mechanics, surface chemistry, and solution chemistry. Although the mechanism by which various chemical species in the environment may cause cracks to propagate in some materials but not in others is very complex, the net result of all environmentally induced fracture is the reduction in the force and energy associated with the tensile or shear separation of atoms at the crack tip.

Author : Sergio Cicero
Publisher : MDPI
Page : 170 pages
File Size : 16,24 MB
Release : 2020-05-13
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 3039288598

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Fracture, fatigue, and other subcritical processes, such as creep crack growth or stress corrosion cracking, present numerous open issues from both scientific and industrial points of view. These phenomena are of special interest in industrial and civil metallic structures, such as pipes, vessels, machinery, aircrafts, ship hulls, and bridges, given that their failure may imply catastrophic consequences for human life, the natural environment, and/or the economy. Moreover, an adequate management of their operational life, defining suitable inspection periods, repairs, or replacements, requires their safety or unsafety conditions to be defined. The analysis of these technological challenges requires accurate comprehensive assessment tools based on solid theoretical foundations as well as structural integrity assessment standards or procedures incorporating such tools into industrial practice. This volume is focused on new advances in fracture, fatigue, and structural integrity of metallic structural components containing defects (e.g., cracks, notches, metal loss, etc.), and also on those developments that are being or could be incorporated into structural integrity assessment procedures, such as BS7910, R6, or API 579-1/ASME FFS-1.