[PDF] Environment Modification For Human Performance eBook

Author : Richard A. Trumbull
Publisher :
Page : 66 pages
File Size : 13,88 MB
Release : 1965
Category : Human beings
ISBN :

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Human performance is determined by interaction between a variety of environments. These include the physical, the social and cultural, and the personal environments in which man lives, through which he expresses himself, and on the basis of which he performs. Influence is exerted by the various factors or elements as they exist as well as how they are perceived by him. Characteristically, these environments have been studied by different disciplines, which have reported findings and recommendations through their own journals. This is an attempt to bring relevant data together in a meaningful pattern. It allows fuller appreciation of the contributions of each 'environment' and the requirements for consideration of the total picture. It is a review of the established limits of these many factors as a guide toward presenting optimum conditions for man's performance. The full story has yet to be told through inter-disciplinary and more comprehensive research with performance as the one criterion. Each topic is presented with some results of the more promising techniques for overcoming the influence of the factor involved upon performance. (Author).

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 67 pages
File Size : 14,62 MB
Release : 2012-11-19
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 0309262720

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The development of technologies to modify natural human physical and cognitive performance is one of increasing interest and concern, especially among military services that may be called on to defeat foreign powers with enhanced warfighter capabilities. Human performance modification (HPM) is a general term that can encompass actions ranging from the use of "natural" materials, such as caffeine or khat as a stimulant, to the application of nanotechnology as a drug delivery mechanism or in an invasive brain implant. Although the literature on HPM typically addresses methods that enhance performance, another possible focus is methods that degrade performance or negatively affect a military force's ability to fight. Advances in medicine, biology, electronics, and computation have enabled an increasingly sophisticated ability to modify the human body, and such innovations will undoubtedly be adopted by military forces, with potential consequences for both sides of the battle lines. Although some innovations may be developed for purely military applications, they are increasingly unlikely to remain exclusively in that sphere because of the globalization and internationalization of the commercial research base. Based on its review of the literature, the presentations it received and on its own expertise, the Committee on Assessing Foreign Technology Development in Human Performance Modification chose to focus on three general areas of HPM: human cognitive modification as a computational problem, human performance modification as a biological problem, and human performance modification as a function of the brain-computer interface. Human Performance Modification: Review of Worldwide Research with a View to the Future summarizes these findings.

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 67 pages
File Size : 30,39 MB
Release : 2012-12-19
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 0309262690

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The development of technologies to modify natural human physical and cognitive performance is one of increasing interest and concern, especially among military services that may be called on to defeat foreign powers with enhanced warfighter capabilities. Human performance modification (HPM) is a general term that can encompass actions ranging from the use of "natural" materials, such as caffeine or khat as a stimulant, to the application of nanotechnology as a drug delivery mechanism or in an invasive brain implant. Although the literature on HPM typically addresses methods that enhance performance, another possible focus is methods that degrade performance or negatively affect a military force's ability to fight. Advances in medicine, biology, electronics, and computation have enabled an increasingly sophisticated ability to modify the human body, and such innovations will undoubtedly be adopted by military forces, with potential consequences for both sides of the battle lines. Although some innovations may be developed for purely military applications, they are increasingly unlikely to remain exclusively in that sphere because of the globalization and internationalization of the commercial research base. Based on its review of the literature, the presentations it received and on its own expertise, the Committee on Assessing Foreign Technology Development in Human Performance Modification chose to focus on three general areas of HPM: human cognitive modification as a computational problem, human performance modification as a biological problem, and human performance modification as a function of the brain-computer interface. Human Performance Modification: Review of Worldwide Research with a View to the Future summarizes these findings.

Author : Barbara G. Kanki
Publisher : Butterworth-Heinemann
Page : 946 pages
File Size : 45,26 MB
Release : 2017-11-10
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 0081018703

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Space Safety and Human Performance provides a comprehensive reference for engineers and technical managers within aerospace and high technology companies, space agencies, operators, and consulting firms. The book draws upon the expertise of the world’s leading experts in the field and focuses primarily on humans in spaceflight, but also covers operators of control centers on the ground and behavior aspects of complex organizations, thus addressing the entire spectrum of space actors. During spaceflight, human performance can be deeply affected by physical, psychological and psychosocial stressors. Strict selection, intensive training and adequate operational rules are used to fight performance degradation and prepare individuals and teams to effectively manage systems failures and challenging emergencies. The book is endorsed by the International Association for the Advancement of Space Safety (IAASS). 2019 PROSE Awards - Winner: Category: Engineering and Technology: Association of American Publishers Provides information on critical aspects of human performance in space missions Addresses the issue of human performance, from physical and psychosocial stressors that can degrade performance, to selection and training principles and techniques to enhance performance Brings together essential material on: cognition and human error; advanced analysis methods such as human reliability analysis; environmental challenges and human performance in space missions; critical human factors and man/machine interfaces in space systems design; crew selection and training; and organizational behavior and safety culture Includes an endorsement by the International Association for the Advancement of Space Safety (IAASS)

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 421 pages
File Size : 15,44 MB
Release : 2013-04-12
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 0309264146

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The United States is among the wealthiest nations in the world, but it is far from the healthiest. Although life expectancy and survival rates in the United States have improved dramatically over the past century, Americans live shorter lives and experience more injuries and illnesses than people in other high-income countries. The U.S. health disadvantage cannot be attributed solely to the adverse health status of racial or ethnic minorities or poor people: even highly advantaged Americans are in worse health than their counterparts in other, "peer" countries. In light of the new and growing evidence about the U.S. health disadvantage, the National Institutes of Health asked the National Research Council (NRC) and the Institute of Medicine (IOM) to convene a panel of experts to study the issue. The Panel on Understanding Cross-National Health Differences Among High-Income Countries examined whether the U.S. health disadvantage exists across the life span, considered potential explanations, and assessed the larger implications of the findings. U.S. Health in International Perspective presents detailed evidence on the issue, explores the possible explanations for the shorter and less healthy lives of Americans than those of people in comparable countries, and recommends actions by both government and nongovernment agencies and organizations to address the U.S. health disadvantage.

Author : Paul E. O'Connor
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing USA
Page : 305 pages
File Size : 23,5 MB
Release : 2009-12-22
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 0313359849

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This book presents a collection of works written by military researchers on the human performance research being carried out in the military. Human Performance Enhancement in High-Risk Environments: Insights, Developments, and Future Directions from Military Research takes the breakthrough work being done by the military on human performance issues and presents it in a way that is applicable to a wider audience of high-risk professions and industries, including police forces, fire fighters, the security industry, military contracting, and more. Human Performance Enhancement in High-Risk Environments focuses on selection, training, safety, and interface design—essential steps in the process of putting the right people in the right positions with the right equipment to handle dangerous work. The book's 16 chapters are each written by military experts, emphasizing lessons learned from their own experiences and research, while highlighting the relevance of their findings to other domains in which highly trained personnel operate complex machinery with high consequences of error.

Author : Sidney Dekker
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 304 pages
File Size : 20,45 MB
Release : 2014-06-23
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 1482242001

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The second edition of a bestseller, Safety Differently: Human Factors for a New Era is a complete update of Ten Questions About Human Error: A New View of Human Factors and System Safety. Today, the unrelenting pace of technology change and growth of complexity calls for a different kind of safety thinking. Automation and new technologies have resu