[PDF] Endophytes Of Forest Trees eBook

Author : Anna Maria Pirttilä
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 318 pages
File Size : 43,95 MB
Release : 2011-07-11
Category : Nature
ISBN : 9400715994

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Found in every plant species, the diversity of endophytic micro-organisms can be extremely high within different plant organs and tissue types. In trees, their ecological roles with respect to host tree can vary from latent pathogens or saprophytes to neutral commensalists and mutualists. Given their high diversity, and their bio-active nature, endophytes are currently being associated with a role in tree health against insect herbivores and fungal pathogens, as well as improving tree properties in phytoremediation. Meanwhile there is increasing interest in the potential of some tree endophytes as new sources of drug compounds. The first book on tree endophytes in several years, and containing contributions from leading authors in the field, this book provides an important reference text for professional researchers and advanced students.

Author : Anna Maria Pirttilä
Publisher : Springer
Page : 462 pages
File Size : 19,39 MB
Release : 2018-06-19
Category : Nature
ISBN : 3319898337

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Endophytes are commonly known as microorganisms, mainly bacteria and fungi, which live inside plant tissues without inducing symptoms. Considering the long-lived trees, endophytes have a fundamental role in preparing their hosts to face extreme weather conditions, drought, heat, cold, and pathogen and herbivore attacks. The current knowledge clearly demonstrates the importance of endophytes in shaping the plant diversity in a forest. Endophytes have an important capacity for biocontrol of forest diseases. Considering endophyte diversity and the range of various compounds and enzymes they can produce, endophytes can be used for various biotechnological applications.

Author : Eeva Terhonen
Publisher :
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 16,69 MB
Release : 2019
Category :
ISBN :

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Abstract: Terrestrial plants including forest trees are generally known to live in close association with microbial organisms. The inherent features of this close association can be commensalism, parasitism or mutualism. The term "microbiota" has been used to describe this ecological community of plant-associated pathogenic, mutualistic, endophytic and commensal microorganisms. Many of these microbiota inhabiting forest trees could have a potential impact on the health of, and disease progression in, forest biomes. Comparatively, studies on forest tree microbiomes and their roles in mutualism and disease lag far behind parallel work on crop and human microbiome projects. Very recently, our understanding of plant and tree microbiomes has been enriched due to novel technological advances using metabarcoding, metagenomics, metatranscriptomics and metaproteomics approaches. In addition, the availability of massive DNA databases (e.g., NCBI (USA), EMBL (Europe), DDBJ (Japan), UNITE (Estonia)) as well as powerful computational and bioinformatics tools has helped to facilitate data mining by researchers across diverse disciplines. Available data demonstrate that plant phyllosphere bacterial communities are dominated by members of only a few phyla (Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes). In bulk forest soil, the dominant fungal group is Basidiomycota, whereas Ascomycota is the most prevalent group within plant tissues. The current challenge, however, is how to harness and link the acquired knowledge on microbiomes for translational forest management. Among tree-associated microorganisms, endophytic fungal biota are attracting a lot of attention for their beneficial health- and growth-promoting effects, and were preferentially discussed in this review

Author : Scott Clare Redlin
Publisher : American Phytopathological Society
Page : 240 pages
File Size : 12,20 MB
Release : 1996
Category : Science
ISBN :

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Latent infection vs. endophytic colonization by fungi; Isolation and analysis of endophytic fungal communities from woody plants; Fungal endophytes of living branch bases in several european tree species; Ecological and physiological aspects of host specificity in endophytic fungi; Coastal redwood leaf endophytes: their occurrence, interactions and response to host volatile terpenoids; Fungal endophytes of palms; Morphological and physiological adaptation of balansieae and trends in the evolution of grass endophytes.

Author : Trevor R. Hodkinson
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 445 pages
File Size : 49,22 MB
Release : 2019-03-21
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 1108471765

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Discusses the role of endophytes in food security, forestry and health. It outlines their general biology, spanning theory to practice.

Author : Vijay C. Verma
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 460 pages
File Size : 33,70 MB
Release : 2013-11-12
Category : Science
ISBN : 8132215753

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​In recent years there has been significant attention paid on the endophytic research by various groups working within this domain. Mutualistic endophytic microbes with an emphasis on the relatively understudied fungal endophytes are the focus of this special book. Plants are associated with micro-organisms: endophytic bacteria and fungi, which live inter- and intra-cellularly without inducing pathogenic symptoms, but have active biochemical and genetic interactions with their host. Endophytes play vital roles as plant growth promoters, biocontrol agents, biosurfactant producers, enzymes and secondary metabolite producers, as well as providing a new hidden repertoire of bioactive natural products with uses in pharmaceutical, agrochemical and other biotechnological applications. The increasing interest in endophytic research generates significant progress in our understanding of the host-endophyte relationship at molecular and genetic level. The bio-prospection of microbial endophytes has led to exciting possibilities for their biotechnological application as biocontrol agent, bioactive metabolites, and other useful traits. Apart from these virtues, the microbial endophytes may be adapted to the complex metabolism of many desired molecules that can be of significant industrial applications. These microbes can be a useful alternative for sustainable solutions for ecological control of pests and diseases, and can reduce the burden of excess of chemical fertilizers for this purpose. This book is an attempt to review the recent development in the understanding of microbial endophytes and their potential biotechnological applications. This is a collection of literature authored by noted researchers having signatory status in endophytic research and summarizes the development achieved so far, and future prospects for further research in this fascinating area of research.

Author : Barbara J.E. Schulz
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 380 pages
File Size : 18,43 MB
Release : 2007-05-24
Category : Science
ISBN : 3540335269

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This is the first book dedicated to the interactions of non-mycorrhizal microbial endophytes with plant roots. The phenotypes of these interactions can be extremely plastic, depending on environmental factors, nutritional status, genetic disposition and developmental stages of the two partners. This book explores diversity, life history strategies, interactions, applications in agriculture and forestry, methods for isolation, cultivation, and both conventional and molecular methods for identification and detection of these endophytes.

Author : Mary E. Ridout
Publisher :
Page : 274 pages
File Size : 36,38 MB
Release : 2014
Category : Conifers
ISBN :

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The microbiome of the conifer forest may be functionally significant in forest hosts, the forest itself, and in agricultural fields converted from forests and woodlands. To assess functional significance of the forest microbiome, we examined within-microbiome interactions, interactions of microbiomes with the host, and the effects of microbiome-host interactions in both natural and managed systems. To determine the effects of within-microbiome interactions on Dothistroma needle blight in Pinus ponderosa, we inoculated non-pathogenic endophytes from P. ponderosa into emerging needles of Dothistroma -infected trees. Four of six endophytes enabled the pathogen by increasing disease severity as much as 4.7% while one endophyte antagonized the pathogen, reducing severity of the disease by 7%, indicating the potential of non-pathogens interact with pathogens within the microbiome. We then examined the potential function of the microbiome of Pinus ponderosa in conspecific recruitment by inoculating P. ponderosa seed with endophytes of mature conspecifics prior to germination. Endophytes from P. ponderosa reduced germination and emergence of conspecific seed. A needle endophyte showed the strongest inhibitory effects, reducing emergence by as much as 67% indicating foliar endophytes in the litter microbiome may contribute to beta diversity of conifer forests. Finally, to determine whether the conifer microbiome might be significant to the success of winter wheat production in converted woodlands, we conducted a series of experiments to study the potential of the microbiome to mediate disease resistance and stress tolerance in hard red winter wheat. The whole microbiome of pine litter was most effective for suppression of Fusarium culmorum, reducing plant mortality and increasing biomass of Fusarium -infected plants by over 67% compared to untreated plants. Forest endophytes significantly increased root development during vernalization of wheat seedlings. A root endophyte from the microbiome of Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca doubled the yield of Fusarium -infected wheat subjected to water stress, indicating that the microbiome of the pine woodlands may have facilitated the success of dryland wheat production in the Pacific Northwest, USA. On-going research promises to expand our knowledge and understanding of the functional significance of the conifer forest microbiome.

Author : John H. Andrews
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 504 pages
File Size : 27,76 MB
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 146123168X

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The leaf surface or phyllosphere is a major habitat for microorganisms. Microbes on or within leaves play important roles in plant ecology, and these microbes can be manipulated to enhance plant growth or reduce plant disease. This book presents a number of critical reviews by internationally recognized experts on the microbial ecology of leaves. Topics include methods of assessment of microbial populations on leaf surfaces, leaves as reservoirs of ice nucleation phenomenon, and leaves as microbial habitats in both aquatic and terrestrial environments. The book will be of interest to students and scientists in numerous disciplines, including botany, aerobiology, meteorology, ecology, agriculture, and microbiology.