[PDF] Effect Of Exercise On The Mrna Expression Of Growth Factors Metabolic Genes And Myosin Heavy Chain Isoforms In Skeletal Muscles Of The Rat eBook

Author : Antonios Matsakas
Publisher : diplom.de
Page : 124 pages
File Size : 18,2 MB
Release : 2004-09-27
Category : Medical
ISBN : 3832482938

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Inhaltsangabe:Abstract: Skeletal muscle is a complex and heterogeneous tissue capable of remarkable adaptation in response to various stimuli such as exercise training. Molecular biology approaches have made a large contribution to our current understanding of how mechanical loading can alter gene expression and muscle protein synthesis rates in skeletal muscle. The steady-state level of a given mRNA is a function of both its rate of synthesis and its rate of degradation, implying that the rate of change in response to a cellular stimulus is dependent on the dynamics of mRNA turnover. Changes in muscle mRNA steady-state levels can be taken as an index of changes in gene expression, constituting currently one of the best described and understood molecular events that underlie muscle plasticity. The discovery of new growth factors involved in the regulation of muscle development provides a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in the adaptation of skeletal muscle to exercise training. Since it has been shown that changes in contractile function can be brought about by switching on one subset and repressing another subset of genes, it was hypothesized that the steady state level of multiple mRNAs (growth factors and metabolic genes) involved in regulatory functions in a muscle which is frequently recruited during exercise is different between endurance trained versus untrained rats. Recent scientific data indicate that myostatin constitutes a limiting factor in normal muscle development playing a crucial role in skeletal muscle hypertrophy. Nevertheless, there are only scarce data so far about the role of myostatin in the exercise-induced skeletal muscle adaptation. The transient changes in regulatory and structural gene expression provide the molecular basis of the adaptability of the skeletal muscle to exercise stimulus. To get an insight into the molecular mechanisms of skeletal muscle adaptation, the main objective of this study was to examine the effect of both the short- and long- term effect of exercise (five day of swimming vs. chronic wheel running) on IGF-I and MSTN (positive and negative skeletal muscle regulators respectively) mRNA contents in male Wistar rats. Potential increase of positive and/or decrease of negative regulators of muscle growth lead to enhanced muscle-progenitor proliferation providing a new perspective in the mechanism of muscle adaptability. It was hypothesized that exercise training could be [...]

Author : Colin D. Wilborn
Publisher :
Page : 127 pages
File Size : 41,34 MB
Release : 2006
Category : Exercise
ISBN :

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A single bout of resistance training is capable of activating the expression of many diverse groups of genes including myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoforms and the myogenic regulatory factors (MRF). However, the role of exercise intensity in regards to the effects on transcription and protein synthesis are not well defined. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of exercise intensity on MRF mRNA and protein and MHC mRNA isoforms. Thirteen male participants (21.5 " 2.9 yrs, 86.1 " 19.5 kg, 69.7 " 2.7in) completed two bouts [low-intensity (LI = 65% 1-RM) and high-intensity (HI = 85% 1-RM)] of single-legged resistance exercise. The resistance exercise bout consisted of four sets of leg press and leg extension. Muscle biopsies were obtained from each leg immediately before exercise (PRE), and at 30 minutes (30MPST), 2 hours (2HRPST), and 6 hours (6HRPST) following each resistance exercise bout. Data were analyzed using RT-PCR for mRNA expression and ELISA for protein expression. Statistical analyses were performed by utilizing a 2 x 4 MANOVA (level of significance was set at p

Author : Mark Hargreaves
Publisher : Human Kinetics
Page : 320 pages
File Size : 34,75 MB
Release : 2006
Category : Energy metabolism
ISBN : 9780736041034

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A comprehensive reference for biochemists, sport nutritionists, exercise physiologists, and graduate students in those disciplines. Provides information on the metabolic processes that take place during exercise, examining in depth the mobilization and utilization of substrates during physical activity. Focuses primarily on the skeletal muscle, but also discusses the roles of the liver and adipose tissue. Annotation copyright by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR

Author : Michael J. Joyner
Publisher : Perspectives Cshl
Page : 408 pages
File Size : 18,7 MB
Release : 2017
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781621821656

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Exercise training provokes widespread transformations in the human body, requiring coordinated changes in muscle composition, blood flow, neuronal and hormonal signaling, and metabolism. These changes enhance physical performance, improve mental health, and delay the onset of aging and disease. Understanding the molecular basis of these changes is therefore important for optimizing athletic ability and for developing drugs that elicit therapeutic effects. Written and edited by experts in the field, this collection from Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine examines the biological basis of exercise from the molecular to the systemic levels. Contributors discuss how transcriptional regulation, cytokine and hormonal signaling, glucose metabolism, epigenetic modifications, microRNA profiles, and mitochondrial and ribosomal functions are altered in response to exercise training, leading to improved skeletal muscle, hippocampal, and cardiovascular function. Cross talk among the pathways underlying tissue-specific and systemic responses to exercise is also considered. The authors also discuss how the understanding of such molecular mechanisms may lead to the development of drugs that mitigate aging and disease. This volume will therefore serve as a vital reference for all involved in the fields of sports science and medicine, as well as anyone seeking to understand the molecular mechanisms by which exercise promotes whole-body health.

Author :
Publisher :
Page : 1666 pages
File Size : 15,58 MB
Release : 2004
Category : Medicine
ISBN :

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Vols. for 1963- include as pt. 2 of the Jan. issue: Medical subject headings.

Author : Giorgio Iervasi
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 264 pages
File Size : 33,26 MB
Release : 2009-08-29
Category : Medical
ISBN : 8847011434

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Both thyroid dysfunction and heart failure show a high prevalence in the adult population. Frequently, in clinical practice, a multidisciplinary approach is useful to optimize the management of patients with these conditions. Although there is no doubt regarding the close link between cardiovascular pathophysiology and thyroid homeostasis, our understanding of this association is far from being exhaustive. Thyroid hormone regulates the expression of cardiac-specific functional contractile and structural proteins and plays a pivotal role in modulating both diastolic and systolic function as well as peripheral vascular resistance. The close relationship between thyroid and heart dysfunction is strongly supported by recent evidence demonstrating that an altered thyroid profile is a negative prognostic predictor in patients with heart failure. The treatment of chronic heart failure, especially in advanced stages of the disease, continues to be an open and challenging field. The potential of novel thyroid hormone therapies that address the molecular biology of thyroid dysfunction and heart failure thus represents an attractive area of multidisciplinary scientific interest. This book is a readable, integrated, and highly up to date presentation of the clinical, pathophysiological, and basic science aspects of thyroid–heart failure interactions. It addresses a complex subject in an approach that targets a large audience of readers.

Author : Roberto Bottinelli
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 372 pages
File Size : 17,18 MB
Release : 2007-05-08
Category : Medical
ISBN : 1402051778

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The ability of striated muscle tissue to adapt to changes in activity or in working conditions is extremely high. In some ways it is comparable to the ability of the brain to learn. The interest in muscle adaptation is increasing in relation to the idea that physical fitness helps in the prevention of disease, may counteract the loss of physical performance and generally improves wellbeing. Plasticity is the word used since the late 1970’s to indicate collectively all the processes and mechanisms which form the background of muscle adaptation. This book aims to provide a systematic updating of the available knowledge on molecular and cellular mechanisms, as well as on changes at whole muscle level. The book means to be a guide and a help for people who enter the field as PhD or medical students, but is also a tool for refreshing and updating knowledge for people already active in the field in basic sciences as well as in applied disciplines such as neurology, sports science and rehabilitation.

Author : Wilfred A. Nix
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 149 pages
File Size : 34,70 MB
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Medical
ISBN : 3642713378

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In many cases of neuromuscular disorders the physician is faced with a complete lack of therapeutic approaches. This helplessness places the doctor in a position of conflict between his desire to help and his awareness that there is no treatment. In this situation it is tempting to indiscriminately use any procedure that avoids an admission of medical helplessness while satisfying the patient's demand for treatment. Electrical interventions are often used to avoid this situation. Due to the random use of therapeutic approaches it is not known what really happens. Presumptions and biased empirical observations have led to the exten sive use of different forms of electrical stimulation regimes in neuromuscular diseases. Due to this unsatisfactory situation it is necessary to know more about appropriate methods that are being used in particular disorders. The search for a better understanding of nerve-muscle interaction has shown that certain activity patterns can influence muscle. These experi mental results provide a rational basis for a possible therapeutic use of electrical stimulation of nerve and muscle. Previously most research has been conducted in normal tissue, and little is known regarding the re sponses of diseased muscle. In an interdisciplinary approach to this, it is our intention to present the current knowledge about basic principles of electrical stimulation in normal muscle. Before electrical stimulation can be accepted as a therapeutic tool, we felt it necessary to summarize the effects of activity in normal and diseased muscle and nerve.