[PDF] Ecology And Evolution Of Non Consumptive Effects In Host Parasite Interactions eBook

Author : Frédéric Thomas
Publisher : OUP Oxford
Page : 232 pages
File Size : 16,67 MB
Release : 2005-01-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 0191523887

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For several years there has been a growing interest in understanding the dynamics of parasites in ecosystems, as well as the diversity of ways in which they influence ecosystem functioning through their effects on host populations and communities. Ecologists, epidemiologists, evolutionary biologists, and other scientists are increasingly coming to realise that parasites must be taken into account when studying ecosystems. Parasitism and Ecosystems summarizes current knowledge on this topic, providing a comprehensive overview for researchers and students. It represents the first synthesis of both the roles and the consequences of pathogens in ecosystems, utilising well-documented case-studies to illustrate the main issues as well as identifying prospects for future research.

Author : Collin James Horn
Publisher :
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 26,47 MB
Release : 2022
Category : Drosophila
ISBN :

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Parasite ecology has increasingly recognized that parasites have ecologically significant roles beyond infection. One mechanism by which parasites influence their communities outside infection is by imposing trade-offs on potential hosts. Non-consumptive effects (NCEs) are the negative impacts potential prey or hosts experience that may be driven by trade-offs between reproduction, feeding, dispersal, etc, and defence against natural enemies. In this thesis I investigated short and long term NCEs experienced by Drosophila nigrospiracula exposed, but not infected by, its natural ectoparasite Macrocheles subbadius. I also investigated how potential hosts vary in the NCEs they experienced based on sex and mating status. Flies varied in NCEs (physiological and behavioural) based on sex and mating status, at least in the short term. Moreover, individual female flies had reduced fecundity and survival during chronic mite exposure; however these changes may not scale up to population level effects based on current simulations. In the short term, mite resistance trades off with dispersal ability and reproduction. Thus there is a need to study how individual hosts and host populations compensate for NCEs and how this varies among different host groups. Additional research on parasite NCEs across different scales (ecological, generational) and fly lifespan may show the lifetime impacts of NCEs are larger than suggested here. This thesis contributes to our attempts to extend "the ecology of fear" to host-parasite interactions.

Author : Claude Combes
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
Page : 760 pages
File Size : 12,57 MB
Release : 2001-08-15
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780226114453

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In Parasitism, Claude Combes explores the fascinating adaptations parasites have developed through their intimate interactions with their hosts. He begins with the biology of parasites—their life cycles, habitats, and different types of associations with their hosts. Next he discusses genetic interactions between hosts and parasites, and he ends with a section on the community ecology of parasites and their role in the evolution of their hosts. Throughout the book Combes enlivens his discussion with a wealth of concrete examples of host-parasite interactions.

Author : Gert Flik
Publisher : Garland Science
Page : 256 pages
File Size : 21,81 MB
Release : 2004-06-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 0203487702

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This volume summarizes current research into the physiology and molecular biology of host-parasite interactions. Brought together by leading international experts in the field, the first section outlines fundamental processes, followed by specific examples in the concluding section. Covering a wide range of organisms, Host-Parasite Interactions is essential reading for researchers in the field.

Author : C F Barnard
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 393 pages
File Size : 10,18 MB
Release : 1990-08-09
Category : Nature
ISBN : 0203489950

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Recent ideas and experimental studies suggest that the relationship between parasitism and host behaviour has been a powerful shaping force in the evolution not only of behaviour patterns themselves but, through them, of morphology and population and community dynamics. This book brings together recent work across the disciplines of parasitology an

Author : Joanne P. Webster
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 344 pages
File Size : 39,66 MB
Release : 2009
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780123747877

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Evolutionary theory has a key role to play in the interpretation of host and parasitic dynamics and the design and application of disease control programmes. This title collects articles from scientists from different fields of research and/or disease control, but with a common interest in studying the biology of a variety of parasitic diseases.

Author : Adam Zvanut Hasik
Publisher :
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 47,17 MB
Release : 2021
Category :
ISBN :

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Parasitism is one of the most common life history strategies employed in nature, yet the effects of parasites are often thought to be minimal, and the vast majority of studies fail to consider parasites and their effects on host organisms. This is likely a problem, as the magnitude of parasite-mediated effects on their hosts can be quite large. Additionally, the effects of parasites are known to extend beyond the host to affect other species interactions. I used a series of approaches to gain a more integral understanding of host-parasite interactions by studying (1) the effects of parasites on biotic interactions that hosts engage in, (2) how biotic interactions such as predation and competition can affect host immune defense, and (3) how abiotic and biotic factors within the local environment affecting the host can further mediate parasitism dynamics. Specifically, in Chapter 1 I conducted a phylogenetically informed meta-analysis of the effects of parasites on species interactions (i.e., predation, competition, mutualism, and reproduction). I found that despite a strong overall negative effect on species interactions, the effects of parasites surprisingly ranged from being strongly beneficial to strongly deleterious on host species interactions. In Chapter 2 I used larval damselflies and their dominant fish predator to test how cascading effects of predators on host competitive interactions and resource acquisition affected a critical component of damselfly immune function, the phenoloxidase (PO) cascade. I found that neither direct density-mediated effects, indirect, trait-mediated effects, nor combined effects of predators via natural selection affected total PO activity. Instead, PO levels increased with resource availability, implying resource limitation. Finally, in Chapter 3 I used two field experiments and a detailed observational study to investigate how host, abiotic, and biotic factors within the local environment affected the relationships between damselfly (Enallagma spp.) hosts and their water mite (Arrenururs spp.) ectoparasites. I found that parasitism was species-specific and did not vary with host density or host condition (i.e., immune function). Instead, parasitism was largely predicted by abiotic factors (i.e., pH). Collectively, my results indicate that parasites are key players in the complex web of species interactions that compose food webs. Furthermore, host-parasite interactions are mediated by many of the same ecological factors as other species interactions, which has implications for parasitism dynamics within ecological communities. Future studies of food webs must incorporate parasites into their experimental and theoretical designs, and future studies of host-parasite interactions must expand beyond the focal relationship and consider the ecology of both the host and parasite.