[PDF] Earnings Occupational Choice And Mobility In Segmented Labor Markets Of India eBook

Author : Shahidur R. Khandker
Publisher :
Page : 64 pages
File Size : 20,49 MB
Release : 1992
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN :

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This paper, using labor market survey data from Bombay, attempts to identify factors that determine men's and women's earnings, occupational choices, and mobility in segmented labor markets of India. The paper develops a model that considers three categories of labor - protected wage, unprotected wage, and self-employment - representing three different forms of labor market segmentation according to the type of labor contract and job vulnerability. The results indicate the presence of labor market segmentation; however, human capital variables such as education and training have important influence on both sectoral job allocation and worker's income and occupational mobility. Thus, policies directed to raise the productive capacity and employment levels of the poor may help alleviate poverty. The labor market outcomes, however, vary by gender. Women are less paid, less mobile, and are more prevalent in the unprotected wage sector than men. Men have higher education and so can more easily move to the protected wage employment than women. Men have better access to credit than women; thus, self-employed women are more constrained by lack of capital than self-employed men in raising their productivity.

Author : Pierre-Richard Agénor
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 98 pages
File Size : 23,30 MB
Release : 1995-11-01
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 1451854781

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This paper examines the role of the labor market in the transmission process of adjustment policies in developing countries. It begins by reviewing the recent evidence regarding the functioning of these markets. It then studies the implications of wage inertia, nominal contracts, labor market segmentation, and impediments to labor mobility for stabilization policies. The effect of labor market reforms on economic flexibility and the channels through which labor market imperfections alter the effects of structural adjustment measures are discussed next. The last part of the paper identifies a variety of issues that may require further investigation, such as the link between changes in relative wages and the distributional effects of adjustment policies.

Author : Michael M. Cernea
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 88 pages
File Size : 18,78 MB
Release : 1992-01-01
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780821321362

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"Examines how a capacity for mobilizing community participation can be built into a project's design and staffing. This paper answers that question by analyzing, step-by-step, one case rich in experience: the decentralization project in Mexico and its predecessor, the PIDER (Programa Integral para el Desarrollo Rural) program. The time span of this series of projects stretches from the early 1970s to the early 1990s"--Handbook of Latin American Studies, v. 57.

Author : David Fretwell
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 58 pages
File Size : 24,48 MB
Release : 1993-01-01
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780821325872

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Employment services promote the efficient allocation of labor by, among other things, promoting labor mobility and improving productivity. This paper assesses the cost- effectiveness of services designed to expedite the exchange of labor between job-seekers and employers. The authors find that the benefits of employment services are not uniform. Benefits may be reduced in small countries with a large informal sector, or when the economy is stagnant and the demand for labor is depressed (even though the need for the services may be greater under such conditions). The authors advocate a balance between public and private sector delivery of employment services. They favor opening the private market for what they term support services, which increase productivity and include income support and retraining. Such support services are distinct from what the authors call core services, provision of which they believe is properly left to the public sector. Core services to assist job-seekers include job-placement services, relocation assistance, counseling, and skills assessment. The authors find that core services are cost-effective and that public sector providers can ensure that such services are delivered to unemployed, low-skilled, or semiskilled workers whose needs may not be met by the private sector. The paper reviews the justification for and development of employment services over time and compares various approaches to the provision of such services. It reviews the various types of employment services and examines the differences between public and private sector delivery.

Author : Martha Gutierrez
Publisher : Zed Books
Page : 326 pages
File Size : 16,31 MB
Release : 2003-03
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781842770610

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Author : Samuel C Y Ku
Publisher : World Scientific
Page : 300 pages
File Size : 11,21 MB
Release : 2016-10-07
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9813141689

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There has been an undisputed increase in the importance of migration over the past decades. It is one of the effects of an increasingly globalized world, where capitalism and free trade are gaining prominence. Migration in East and Southeast Asia aims to bring migration-related problems in Asia to the forefront. The first part of the book deals with migration in Greater China, a region influenced by Confucianism. The 'three Chinas' used to have a close connection in the past, and presently share much similarity. The Hong Kongese and Taiwanese societies are based on migration from Mainland China. However, each society has endured significant social, economic, and political changes. The second part of the book offers a closer look at migration flows in Southeast Asia. Most of the intra-ASEAN migration involves low-skilled labor for construction, agriculture, and domestic work. This book hopes to offer valuable insights into various topics related to migration in the region.

Author : Nissan Liviatan
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 132 pages
File Size : 35,18 MB
Release : 1993-01-01
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780821325216

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Eighteen well-known policymakers and economists discuss the rising use of currency substitution in Latin America. They examine the effects of currency boards on substitute currencies and on national stabilization programs. Latin American countries including Argentina, Bolivia, Peru, and Uruguay increasingly use dollars as a substitute for domestic currency. The experts debate whether the region should encourage or resist this trend. Topics include the effects of substitution on inflation, liquidity, and exchange rates. The discussions on Argentina, Peru, and Brazil focus on the ways in which currency boards have affected stabilization in these countries. They consider whether such boards can strengthen fiscal discipline and speed economic adjustment. A currency board issues money that is converted into a foreign reserve currency at a fixed exchange rate. This independent institution takes over the central bank's role as the sole issuer of base money. It also manages the exchange rate to keep the currency stable and convertible.

Author : John Homer
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 50 pages
File Size : 47,51 MB
Release : 1993
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780821323298

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Describes how to run a sound and efficient bank in a liberalized financial environment. Also available: Banking Institutions in Developing Markets. Volume 2: Interpreting Financial Statements Chris J. Barltrop and Diana McNaughton 152 pages / (ISBN 0-8213-2218-4) / Stock No. 12218 / $20.00 / Price code S2