[PDF] Dynamic Mechanical Analysis Of Articular Cartilage Using Nanoindentation eBook

Author : Matthew Joseph Anderson
Publisher :
Page : pages
File Size : 20,95 MB
Release : 2010
Category :
ISBN : 9781124318349

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Articular cartilage is a heterogeneous structure that has multiphase mechanical properties. The mechanical properties are derived from the interactions of three components of articular cartilage; collagen fibers, GAGs, and water. This thesis was designed to explore the contributions of some of these components by selectively altering their structure or the load they carry, while concurrently examining the effects of nonenzymatic glycation on cartilage. The first set of experiments varied the area of load on cartilage and thereby the volume of water displaced to examine the contributions of fluid flow to the relaxation of articular cartilage. The results demonstrated an indentation load area effect for articular cartilage. Relaxation was faster with smaller indenter size, consistent with smaller effects of fluid flow and relatively fast relaxation of the solid matrix. The data illustrate the varying modes of relaxation associated with indentation and full surface compression. Secondly, the protein matrix was modified via glycation to crosslink the solid matrix and simulate cartilage changes that occur with aging. Control specimens swelled dramatically during storage, and decreased in the stiffness. Glycated specimens did not swell and maintained stiffness during storage. Thirdly, penetration testing was used to estimate the failure properties of cartilage with and without the superficial zones and glycation. There was no significant change in the failure properties associated with removal of the superficial zone. However, glycation caused the cartilage to become more brittle and weak, failing under less stress and deformation than non-glycated specimens. The combination of the experiments illustrated the ability of glycation to maintain the elastic, but not failure, mechanical properties of articular cartilage.

Author : David W. Smith
Publisher : Springer
Page : 738 pages
File Size : 14,31 MB
Release : 2018-11-19
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9811314748

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This book explains the anatomy and physiology of cartilage tissue in an integrated way. The emphasis is on how cartilage tissue functions and maintains homeostasis in a challenging mechanical environment. Supported by hundreds of references, the book posts new hypotheses explaining how cartilage adapts and achieves homeostasis in vivo, and tests them against available data. This exploratory approach creates a sense of discovery that the reader can join, or perhaps test themselves through their own research. The main benefit will be obtained by research students and professors looking to understand the deeper concepts that will further their own research, or clinicians (including health professionals and surgeons) who want to gain a deeper physiological understanding of cartilage tissue, which can then serve as a basis for more rational clinical decision-making they need to make on a daily basis. To help bridge the gap between basic science and clinically relevant joint disease, applications and interpretations of key physiological concepts are discussed in the context of osteoarthritis at the end of most chapters.

Author : Michelle L. Oyen
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 358 pages
File Size : 28,28 MB
Release : 2019-04-01
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9814241601

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Nanoindentation is ideal for the characterization of inhomogeneous biological materials. However, the use of nanoindentation techniques in biological systems is associated with some distinctively different techniques and challenges. The book presents the basic science of nanoindentation, including the background of contact mechanics underlying indentation technique and the instrumentation used to gather mechanical data. It provides perspectives that are optimized for biological applications, including discussions on hydrated materials and adaptations for low-stiffness materials. The book also covers the applications of nanoindentation technique in biological materials. Highlighting current challenges, it concludes with an insightful forecast of the future.

Author : Kyriacos Athanasiou
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 174 pages
File Size : 45,98 MB
Release : 2022-06-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 3031025784

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Cartilage injuries in children and adolescents are increasingly observed, with roughly 20% of knee injuries in adolescents requiring surgery. In the US alone, costs of osteoarthritis (OA) are in excess of $65 billion per year (both medical costs and lost wages). Comorbidities are common with OA and are also costly to manage. Articular cartilage's low friction and high capacity to bear load makes it critical in the movement of one bone against another, and its lack of a sustained natural healing response has necessitated a plethora of therapies. Tissue engineering is an emerging technology at the threshold of translation to clinical use. Replacement cartilage can be constructed in the laboratory to recapitulate the functional requirements of native tissues. This book outlines the biomechanical and biochemical characteristics of articular cartilage in both normal and pathological states, through development and aging. It also provides a historical perspective of past and current cartilage treatments and previous tissue engineering efforts. Methods and standards for evaluating the function of engineered tissues are discussed, and current cartilage products are presented with an analysis on the United States Food and Drug Administration regulatory pathways that products must follow to market. This book was written to serve as a reference for researchers seeking to learn about articular cartilage, for undergraduate and graduate level courses, and as a compendium of articular cartilage tissue engineering design criteria. Table of Contents: Hyaline Articular Cartilage / Cartilage Aging and Pathology / In Vitro / Bioreactors / Future Directions

Author : J. F. Stoltz
Publisher : IOS Press
Page : 460 pages
File Size : 12,49 MB
Release : 2006
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781586036485

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Over recent years, there has been increasing interest in the fundamental role played by local mechanical parameters in chondrocyte regulation and cartilage dysfunction as a first step in the development of osteoarthritis. This is how the idea of mechanobiology and the concept of mechanotransduction were born in the 90's. Indeed, a broad diversity of physiological phenomena is induced by mechanical stimuli (hearing, orientation to gravity, touch, tissue remodeling...) but the mechanism by which mechanical forces may regulate a physiological response is still unknown. In other respects, the concept of regenerative medicine has recently developed in parallel to this. Regenerative medicine is an emerging multidisciplinary field involving medicine, biology, chemistry, mechanics and engineering that is likely to revolutionize the ways we improve the health and quality of life by restoring, maintaining or enhancing tissue and organ functions. Indeed, human tissues do not regenerate spontaneously and healing is only a stopgap that may be associated with contraction which in turn may prevent regeneration. interesting alternative. Today, the in vitro preparation of biological tissues such as cartilage, bone, tendon, vessel, heart muscle, skin, brings out major expectations for the next decade. However, to each type of tissue correspond a large number of potential methods related to the support, the cells used (tissular cells or stem cells) and to the conditions of the environment (culture medium and mechanical forces). The aim of this publication is to provide a thoughtful and balanced view on new crucial concepts with clinical implications.

Author : Ivan Argatov
Publisher : Springer
Page : 348 pages
File Size : 33,37 MB
Release : 2015-06-15
Category : Science
ISBN : 3319200836

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This book presents a comprehensive and unifying approach to articular contact mechanics with an emphasis on frictionless contact interaction of thin cartilage layers. The first part of the book (Chapters 1–4) reviews the results of asymptotic analysis of the deformational behavior of thin elastic and viscoelastic layers. A comprehensive review of the literature is combined with the authors’ original contributions. The compressible and incompressible cases are treated separately with a focus on exact solutions for asymptotic models of frictionless contact for thin transversely isotropic layers bonded to rigid substrates shaped like elliptic paraboloids. The second part (Chapters 5, 6, and 7) deals with the non-axisymmetric contact of thin transversely isotropic biphasic layers and presents the asymptotic modelling methodology for tibio-femoral contact. The third part of the book consists of Chapter 8, which covers contact problems for thin bonded inhomogeneous transversely isotropic elastic layers and Chapter 9, which addresses various perturbational aspects in contact problems and introduces the sensitivity of articular contact mechanics. This book is intended for advanced undergraduate and graduate students, researchers in the area of biomechanics, and engineers interested and involved in the analysis and design of thin-layer structures.

Author : Klaus D. Sattler
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 790 pages
File Size : 32,36 MB
Release : 2010-09-17
Category : Science
ISBN : 1420075535

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Handbook of Nanophysics: Functional Nanomaterials illustrates the importance of tailoring nanomaterials to achieve desired functions in applications. Each peer-reviewed chapter contains a broad-based introduction and enhances understanding of the state-of-the-art scientific content through fundamental equations and illustrations, some in color.This