[PDF] Dynamic Brain From Neural Spikes To Behaviors eBook

Author : Maria Marinaro
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 149 pages
File Size : 48,9 MB
Release : 2008-10-23
Category : Computers
ISBN : 3540888527

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This book is devoted to graduate students and researchers with different scientific background (including physics, mathematics, biology, neuroscience, etc.) who wish to learn brain science beyond the boundary of their fields. The volume presents 12 thoroughly revised tutorial papers based on lectures given by leading researchers at the 12th International Summer School on Neural Networks in Erice, Italy, in December 2007. The 12 invited and contributed papers presented provide primarily high-level tutorial coverage of the fields related to neuraldynamics, reporting recent experimental and theoretical results investigating the role of collective dynamics in hippocampal and parahippocampal regions and in the mammalian olfactory system. The book is divided into topical sections on hippocampus and neural oscillations, dynamics in olfactory system and behaviour, correlation structure of spiking trains, and neural network theories on associative memory.

Author : J. A. Scott Kelso
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 368 pages
File Size : 21,1 MB
Release : 1995
Category : Behavior
ISBN : 9780262611312

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foreword by Hermann Haken For the past twenty years Scott Kelso's research has focused on extending the physical concepts of self- organization and the mathematical tools of nonlinear dynamics to understand how human beings (and human brains) perceive, intend, learn, control, and coordinate complex behaviors. In this book Kelso proposes a new, general framework within which to connect brain, mind, and behavior.Kelso's prescription for mental life breaks dramatically with the classical computational approach that is still the operative framework for many newer psychological and neurophysiological studies. His core thesis is that the creation and evolution of patterned behavior at all levels--from neurons to mind--is governed by the generic processes of self-organization. Both human brain and behavior are shown to exhibit features of pattern-forming dynamical systems, including multistability, abrupt phase transitions, crises, and intermittency. Dynamic Patterns brings together different aspects of this approach to the study of human behavior, using simple experimental examples and illustrations to convey essential concepts, strategies, and methods, with a minimum of mathematics. Kelso begins with a general account of dynamic pattern formation. He then takes up behavior, focusing initially on identifying pattern-forming instabilities in human sensorimotor coordination. Moving back and forth between theory and experiment, he establishes the notion that the same pattern-forming mechanisms apply regardless of the component parts involved (parts of the body, parts of the nervous system, parts of society) and the medium through which the parts are coupled. Finally, employing the latest techniques to observe spatiotemporal patterns of brain activity, Kelso shows that the human brain is fundamentally a pattern forming dynamical system, poised on the brink of instability. Self-organization thus underlies the cooperative action of neurons that produces human behavior in all its forms.

Author : Mingzhou Ding, PhD
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : pages
File Size : 15,73 MB
Release : 2011-01-18
Category : Medical
ISBN : 0199397465

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It is a well-known fact of neurophysiology that neuronal responses to identically presented stimuli are extremely variable. This variability has in the past often been regarded as "noise." At the single neuron level, interspike interval (ISI) histograms constructed during either spontaneous or stimulus evoked activity reveal a Poisson type distribution. These observations have been taken as evidence that neurons are intrinsically "noisy" in their firing properties. In fact, the use of averaging techniques, like post-stimulus time histograms (PSTH) or event-related potentials (ERPs) have largely been justified based on the presence of what was believed to be noise in the neuronal responses. More recent attempts to measure the information content of single neuron spike trains have revealed that a surprising amount of information can be coded in spike trains even in the presence of trial-to-trial variability. Multiple single unit recording experiments have suggested that variability formerly attributed to noise in single cell recordings may instead simply reflect system-wide changes in cellular response properties. These observations raise the possibility that, at least at the level of neuronal coding, the variability seen in single neuron responses may not simply reflect an underlying noisy process. They further raise the very distinct possibility that noise may in fact contain real, meaningful information which is available for the nervous system in information processing. To understand how neurons work in concert to bring about coherent behavior and its breakdown in disease, neuroscientists now routinely record simultaneously from hundreds of different neurons and from different brain areas, and then attempt to evaluate the network activities by computing various interdependence measures, including cross correlation, phase synchronization and spectral coherence. This book examines neuronal variability from theoretical, experimental and clinical perspectives.

Author : Jose Luis Perez Velazquez
Publisher : World Scientific
Page : 370 pages
File Size : 42,45 MB
Release : 2011
Category : Medical
ISBN : 981434060X

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This book is a comprehensive overview of the main current concepts in brain cognitive activities at the global, collective (or network) level, with a focus on transitions between normal neurophysiology and brain pathological states. It provides a unique approach of linking molecular and cellular aspects of normal and pathological brain functioning with their corresponding network, collective and dynamical manifestations that are subsequently extended to behavioural manifestations of healthy and diseased brains. This book introduces a high-level perspective, searching for simplification amongst the structural and functional complexity of nervous systems by consideration of the distributed interactions that underlie the collective behaviour of the system. The authors hope that this approach could promote a global comprehensive understanding of high-level laws behind the elementary biological processes in the neuroscientific community, while, perhaps, introducing elements of biological complexities to the mathematical/computational readership. The title of the book refers to the main point of the monograph: that there is a smooth continuum between distinct brain activities resulting in different behaviours, and that, due to the plastic nature of the brain, the behaviour can also alter the brain function, thus rendering artificial the boundaries between the brain and its behaviour.

Author : Leonid I. Perlovsky
Publisher : Springer
Page : 369 pages
File Size : 42,20 MB
Release : 2007-08-26
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 3540732675

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Experimental evidence in humans and other mammalians indicates that complex neurodynamics is crucial for the emergence of higher-level intelligence. Dynamical neural systems with encoding in limit cycle and non-convergent attractors have gained increasing popularity in the past decade. The role of synchronization, desynchronization, and intermittent synchronization on cognition has been studied extensively by various authors, in particular by authors contributing to the present volume. This book addresses dynamical aspects of brain functions and cognition.

Author : Hermann Haken
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 249 pages
File Size : 28,86 MB
Release : 2006-11-22
Category : Science
ISBN : 3540462848

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This book addresses a large variety of models in mathematical and computational neuroscience. It is written for the experts as well as for graduate students wishing to enter this fascinating field of research. The author studies the behaviour of large neural networks composed of many neurons coupled by spike trains. An analysis of phase locking via sinusoidal couplings leading to various kinds of movement coordination is included.

Author : Hermann Haken
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 331 pages
File Size : 18,70 MB
Release : 2007-12-22
Category : Science
ISBN : 3540752382

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This is an excellent introduction for graduate students and nonspecialists to the field of mathematical and computational neurosciences. The book approaches the subject via pulsed-coupled neural networks, which have at their core the lighthouse and integrate-and-fire models. These allow for highly flexible modeling of realistic synaptic activity, synchronization and spatio-temporal pattern formation. The more advanced pulse-averaged equations are discussed.

Author : Dietmar Plenz
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 734 pages
File Size : 50,20 MB
Release : 2014-04-14
Category : Computers
ISBN : 3527651020

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Neurowissenschaftler suchen nach Antworten auf die Fragen, wie wir lernen und Information speichern, welche Prozesse im Gehirn verantwortlich sind und in welchem Zeitrahmen diese ablaufen. Die Konzepte, die aus der Physik kommen und weiterentwickelt werden, können in Medizin und Soziologie, aber auch in Robotik und Bildanalyse Anwendung finden. Zentrales Thema dieses Buches sind die sogenannten kritischen Phänomene im Gehirn. Diese werden mithilfe mathematischer und physikalischer Modelle beschrieben, mit denen man auch Erdbeben, Waldbrände oder die Ausbreitung von Epidemien modellieren kann. Neuere Erkenntnisse haben ergeben, dass diese selbstgeordneten Instabilitäten auch im Nervensystem auftreten. Dieses Referenzwerk stellt theoretische und experimentelle Befunde internationaler Gehirnforschung vor zeichnet die Perspektiven dieses neuen Forschungsfeldes auf.

Author : Christoph von der Malsburg
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 367 pages
File Size : 22,63 MB
Release : 2010
Category : Anatomy
ISBN : 0262014718

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"Nervous systems do not live by the rate code alone. The ceaseless activities of groups of neurons are choregraphed into waves, oscillations, synchronized rhythms, and transient coalitions; it is these that underlie behavior, memory, and conscious perception. This exuberant manifesto masterfully summarizes and reflects upon the relevant evidence of these patterns from all manner of brains, small and large." --