[PDF] Direct Reduction Of Iron Ore eBook

Author : AMIT CHATTERJEE
Publisher : PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.
Page : 328 pages
File Size : 21,35 MB
Release : 2012-09-12
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 8120346599

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This book provides a fascinating study of the very important emerging field of direct reduction in which iron ore is ‘directly reduced’ in the solid-state, using either natural gas or non-coking coal, to produce a highly metallised material, referred to as sponge iron (or direct reduced iron). This intermediate product is subsequently melted in electric arc furnaces or induction furnaces (sometimes even in basic oxygen furnaces) to produce liquid steel. Such a process combination enables steel to be produced without using coking coal, which is an expensive input in the normal blast furnace—basic oxygen furnace route of steelmaking adopted in integrated steel plants. The book offers comprehensive coverage and critical assessment of various coal-based and gas-based direct reduction processes. Besides dealing with the application of the theoretical principles involved in the thermodynamics and kinetics of direct reduction, the book also contains some worked-out examples on sponge iron production. The concluding part of this seminal book summarises the present and future scenario of direct reduction, including the use of gas generated from coal in direct reduction processes. The book is primarily intended for the undergraduate and postgraduate students of metallurgical engineering. It is also a must-read for researchers, technologists and process metallurgists engaged in the rapidly developing field of direct reduction of iron oxides, which is of critical importance for India and other developing nations that are beginning to play a major role in global steelmaking.

Author : Ludwig von Bogdandy
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 592 pages
File Size : 16,1 MB
Release : 2013-03-14
Category : Science
ISBN : 3662104008

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For the English edition the book was revised by the authors, taking into account a number of suggestions of the readers of the German edition. Some of the most important publications in the field of iron ore reduction, which appeared since 1967, have been used to bring the manuscript as far as possible up to date. The kind assistance of Dr. K. BOHNENKAMP of the Max-Planck-Institut fUr Eisenforschung, Dusseldorf, was much appreciated in this respect. Ohapters 2.9 and 2.10, dealing with the reduction of molten oxide slags by solid carbon and with the contribution of the water-gas reaction to iron ore reduction, have been added for the English edition. Ohapter 2.9 has been completely revised with the kind assistance of Dr. H. J. GRABKE, Stuttgart. Dipl.-Ing. J. LODDE contributed to this edition by revising the bibliography. Owing to the rapid development of the blast furnace it was necessary to revise Ohapter 5 considerably. In this field many valuable suggestions have been made by Dipl.-Ing. G. LANGE and Dipl.-Ing. P. HEINRICH. Furthermore, Ohapters3 and 4 have been thoroughly revised by Dr.-Ing. E. FORSTER and Dr.-Ing. U. SCHIERLOH. Last, but not least, we have to thank our translators for their excellent work.

Author : Pasquale Cavaliere
Publisher : Springer
Page : 596 pages
File Size : 40,67 MB
Release : 2019-07-18
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 3030212092

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​This book describes the available technologies that can be employed to reduce energy consumption and greenhouse emissions in the steel- and ironmaking industries. Ironmaking and steelmaking are some of the largest emitters of carbon dioxide (over 2Gt per year) and have some of the highest energy demand (25 EJ per year) among all industries; to help mitigate this problem, the book examines how changes can be made in energy efficiency, including energy consumption optimization, online monitoring, and energy audits. Due to negligible regulations and unparalleled growth in these industries during the past 15-20 years, knowledge of best practices and innovative technologies for greenhouse gas remediation is paramount, and something this book addresses. Presents the most recent technological solutions in productivity analyses and dangerous emissions control and reduction in steelmaking plants; Examines the energy saving and emissions abatement efficiency for potential solutions to emission control and reduction in steelmaking plants; Discusses the application of the results of research conducted over the last ten years at universities, research centers, and industrial institutions.

Author : S Seetharaman
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 589 pages
File Size : 19,58 MB
Release : 2005-10-10
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 184569094X

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As product specifications become more demanding, manufacturers require steel with ever more specific functional properties. As a result, there has been a wealth of research on how those properties emerge during steelmaking. Fundamentals of metallurgy summarises this research and its implications for manufacturers. The first part of the book reviews the effects of processing on the properties of metals with a range of chapters on such phenomena as phase transformations, types of kinetic reaction, transport and interfacial phenomena. Authors discuss how these processes and the resulting properties of metals can be modelled and predicted. Part two discusses the implications of this research for improving steelmaking and steel properties. With its distinguished editor and international team of contributors, Fundamentals of metallurgy is an invaluable reference for steelmakers and manufacturers requiring high-performance steels in such areas as automotive and aerospace engineering. It will also be useful for those dealing with non-ferrous metals and alloys, material designers for functional materials, environmentalists and above all, high technology industries designing processes towards materials with tailored properties. Summarises key research and its implications for manufacturers Essential reading for steelmakers and manufacturers Written by leading experts from both industry and academia

Author : SARANGI, ARABINDA
Publisher : PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.
Page : 346 pages
File Size : 12,7 MB
Release : 2016
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 8120351193

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With a boom in the steel industry all over the world today, the demand of sponge iron has considerably increased as a feed (raw) material to steel making. The increase in the demand of sponge iron is also due to the fact that it is used for replacing coke making required for blast furnace processing. The primary objective of this book is to provide the basis, principles, fundamentals and theory of sponge iron production. This book, earlier titled as Sponge Iron Production in Rotary Kiln, is revised as per the feedback from students, faculty members and professionals. It, now, covers broad spectrum of alternative routes of iron making, therefore, the book is renamed as Alternative Routes to Iron Making. In this revised edition of the book, three new chapters have been added to fulfil the requirement of a textbook for various universities. NEW TO THIS EDITION • New chapters on: o Utilization of Sponge Iron o Environmental Pollution and Control in Sponge Iron Industries o Smelting Reduction Process • Inclusion of principle of fluidisation in fluidised bed processes • Description of Hyl III process with recent development of the process Primarily intended for undergraduate and postgraduate students of metal-lurgical engineering, this book is equally beneficial for researchers, and professionals engaged in DR processes and steel industries.

Author : AHINDRA GHOSH
Publisher : PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.
Page : 482 pages
File Size : 48,51 MB
Release : 2008-02-29
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 812033289X

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This authoritative account covers the entire spectrum from iron ore to finished steel. It begins by tracing the history of iron and steel production, right from the earlier days to today’s world of oxygen steelmaking, electric steelmaking, secondary steelmaking and continuous casting. The physicochemical fundamental concepts of chemical equilibrium, activity-composition relationships, and structure-properties of molten metals are introduced before going into details of transport phenomena, i.e. kinetics, mixing and mass transfer in ironmaking and steelmaking pro-cesses. Particular emphasis is laid on the understanding of the fundamental principles of the processes and their application to the optimisation of actual processes. Modern developments in blast furnaces, including modelling and process control are discussed along with an introduction to the alternative methods of ironmaking. In the area of steelmaking, BOF plant practice including pre-treatment of hot metal, metallurgical features of oxygen steelmaking processes, and their control form part of the book. It also covers basic open hearth, electric arc furnace and stainless steelmaking, before discussing the area of casting of liquid steel—ingot casting, continuous casting and near net shape casting. The book concludes with a chapter on the status of the ironmaking and steelmaking in India. In line with the application of theoretical principles, several worked-out examples dealing with fundamental principles as applied to actual plant situations are presented. The book is primarily intended for undergraduate and postgraduate students of metallurgical engineering. It would also be immensely useful to researchers in the area of iron and steel.

Author : Walter H. Voskuil
Publisher : Forgotten Books
Page : 26 pages
File Size : 23,68 MB
Release : 2018-04-30
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780366358533

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Excerpt from Economic Aspects of Direct Reduction of Iron Ore in Illinois Direct reduction of iron ore by one or more processes un der study by steel companies will not displace the blast furnace but should supplement or complement ore reduction by blast fur naces. Direct - reduction plants will be developed in locations where small-scale local production is desired but coking coal is not available, or where costs are high. Direct reduction of iron ore may be used to increase the capacity of either old or new plants to produce material that can be substituted for scrap iron in the charge to the open hearth fur nace or to enrich a normal blast furnace charge. It may be used near a market and where ore and coal can be assembled cheaply, conditions that are especially favorable along the waterways in Illinois. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.