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Using the Atlanta, Birmingham, and Nashville Public Libraries as case studies, The Development of Southern Public Libraries and the African American Quest for Library Access, 1898-1963 argues that public libraries played an integral role in Southern cities’ economic and cultural boosterism efforts during the New South and Progressive Eras. First, Southern public libraries helped institutionalize segregation during the early twentieth century by refusing to serve African Americans, or only to a limited degree. Yet, the Progressive Era’s emphasis on self-improvement and moral uplift influenced Southern public libraries to the extent that not all embraced total segregation. It even caused Southern public libraries to remain open to the idea of slowly expanding library service to African Americans. Later, libraries’ social mission and imperfect commitment to segregation made them prime targets for breaking down the barriers of segregation in the post- World War II era. In this study, Dallas Hanbury concludes that dealing with the complicated and unexpected outcomes of having practiced segregation constituted a difficult and lengthy process for Southern public libraries.
This book examines the history of Southern public libraries' development from 1898-1963. It analyzes their role in institutionalizing segregation, their complex and protracted efforts to integrate these institutions, and their post-integration attempts to deal with the consequences of having practiced segregation.
This work reaches across the colour line to examine how race, gender, class and individual subjectivity shaped the lives of black and white women in the 19th- and 20th-century American South.
My research traces the history of one type of educational institution in North Carolina from the beginning to the end of the Southern progressive movement. Progressivism was a national movement that re-interpreted the role of the state in the nation's economic and social life. Reformers as different as Theodore Roosevelt and Woodrow Wilson espoused a theory ofpositive government, meaning that government had a responsibility to meet more than just thebasic needs of citizens. As a result, the administrative bureaucracy of government at all levels -- federal, state, county, and city-- grew to unprecedented size during the first quarter of the twentieth century. New agencies, commissions, and boards exercised new or expanded controlover such matters as public health, education, interstate trade, and road construction. Althoughthe liberal social-justice ideals of progressivism were somewhat restrained in the traditionally conservative Southern states, they still had a transformative impact. With efficiency and expertise as the guiding keywords of the era, a proliferation of government and voluntary organizations developed detailed strategic plans to address a range of social and economic problems. Public libraries were one such organization. They were supported by civic clubs, operated under the auspices of government, dedicated to serving citizens' educational needs, and managed by experts in the novel discipline of library science. Using the interpretive frameworkof progressivism, I show how public libraries fit into the broad context of educational reform,civic activism, and government expansion that characterized progressivism from the 1890s to theGreat Depression. The force of new progressive theories about society and government, and thereality of economic hardship that invited the intervention of such theories, finally tipped theSouth away from unyielding suspicion of big government and allowed new institutions, like thepublic library, to emerge. To be sure, conservatism tempered reform in North Carolina and the South. For example, public libraries mostly remained off limits to AfricanAmericans until after World War II, although some independent libraries were started by middle who advocated the principle of self-- class black citizens help. Only three scholars have addressed the emergence of public libraries in North Carolina, and only two have addressed the context of progressive reform. State archivist Thornton W. Mitchell prepared a bera rief 1983 report summarizing library history over two centuries, including early church, college, and state libraries. More recently, Dr. James V. Carmichael, Jr. has assessed the unique opportunities for women in the library profession in North Carolina, as well as the mixed record of Southern librarians in challenging the region’s conservatism and racism in the early twentieth century. Lastly, Dr. Patrick M. Valentine has treated the role of both homegrown and Northern philanthropy in financing North Caro lina public libraries from 1900 up to World War II. My own approach is to use trade publications, newspapers, and secondary works to bring out the deeper connections between the broad context of progressivism and the emergence of the specific institution o in North Carolina.
Economic Development of Southern Sudan provides an overview of the Southern Sudanese economy, and the main causes for the lack of development in the territory. The book suggests strategies and policies for greatly reducing poverty and initiating sustainable development in the territory. Yongo-Bure outlines the significance of the resource base of Southern Sudan, as well as the development programs of the first peace period (1972-1983). The prominent sectors analyzed include agriculture, industry, transport, education, health, energy, power, and trade. The exploration and exploitation of petroleum is highlighted.
Author : Louis R. Harlan Publisher : Univ of North Carolina Press Page : 328 pages File Size : 17,80 MB Release : 2011-01-01 Category : History ISBN : 0807867586
This is a revealing study of the crucial period in the educational development of the South as it involved the separate but equal" doctrine. It is based on extensive research in newspapers, public documents, official reports, and manuscripts, and it provi
The Negro Motorist Green Book was a groundbreaking guide that provided African American travelers with crucial information on safe places to stay, eat, and visit during the era of segregation in the United States. This essential resource, originally published from 1936 to 1966, offered a lifeline to black motorists navigating a deeply divided nation, helping them avoid the dangers and indignities of racism on the road. More than just a travel guide, The Negro Motorist Green Book stands as a powerful symbol of resilience and resistance in the face of oppression, offering a poignant glimpse into the challenges and triumphs of the African American experience in the 20th century.
Southern-Led Development Finance examines some of the innovative new south-south financial arrangements and institutions that have emerged in recent years, as countries from the Global South seek to transform their economies and to shield themselves from global economic turbulence. Even before the Covid-19 crisis, it was clear to many that the global economy needed a reset and a massive increase in public investment. In the last decade southern-owned development banks, infrastructure funds, foreign exchange reserve funds and Sovereign Wealth Funds have doubled the amount of long-term finance available to developing countries. Now, as the world considers what a post-Covid-19 future will look like, it is clear that Southern-led institutions will do much of the heavy lifting. This book brings together insights from theory and practice, incorporating the voices of bankers, policymakers and practitioners alongside international academics. It covers the most significant new initiatives stemming from Asia, tried and tested examples in Latin America and in Africa, and the contribution of advanced economies. Whilst the book highlights the potential for Southern-led initiatives to change the global financial landscape profoundly, it also shows their varied impacts and concludes that more is needed for development than just the technical availability of funds. As governments and businesses become frustrated by the traditional North-dominated mechanisms and international financial system, this book argues that southern-led development finance will play an important role in the search for more inclusive, equitable and sustainable patterns of investment, trade and growth in the post-Covid landscape. It will be of interest to practitioners, policy makers, researchers and students working on development and finance everywhere.
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Author : James D. Anderson Publisher : Univ of North Carolina Press Page : 383 pages File Size : 11,26 MB Release : 2010-01-27 Category : Social Science ISBN : 0807898880
James Anderson critically reinterprets the history of southern black education from Reconstruction to the Great Depression. By placing black schooling within a political, cultural, and economic context, he offers fresh insights into black commitment to education, the peculiar significance of Tuskegee Institute, and the conflicting goals of various philanthropic groups, among other matters. Initially, ex-slaves attempted to create an educational system that would support and extend their emancipation, but their children were pushed into a system of industrial education that presupposed black political and economic subordination. This conception of education and social order--supported by northern industrial philanthropists, some black educators, and most southern school officials--conflicted with the aspirations of ex-slaves and their descendants, resulting at the turn of the century in a bitter national debate over the purposes of black education. Because blacks lacked economic and political power, white elites were able to control the structure and content of black elementary, secondary, normal, and college education during the first third of the twentieth century. Nonetheless, blacks persisted in their struggle to develop an educational system in accordance with their own needs and desires.